2023年考研考博考博英語福建師范大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案

2023年考研考博考博英語福建師范大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thelocalgovernmentisintensifyingeffortstopopularize（

）educationinrurallocalities.問題1選項(xiàng)A.instinctiveB.impulsiveC.compulsoryD.voluntary2.單選題“Itisimpossiblethatoldprejudicesandhostilitiesshouldlongerexist,whilesuchaninstrumenthasbeencreatedfartheexchangeofthoughtbetweenallthenationsoftheearth,”acclaimedVictorianenthusiaststhearrivalin1858ofthefirsttransatlantictelegraphcable.Peoplesaythatsortofthingsaboutnewtechnologies,eventoday.Biotechnologyissaidtobethecureforworldhunger.Thesequencingofthehumangenomewillsupposedlyuprootcancerandotherdiseases.Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.Awholeindustryofcybergurushasenthralledaudiences(andmadeafineliving)withclaimsthattheInternetwillpreventwars,reducepollution,andcombatvariousformsofinequalityHowever,althoughtheInternetisstillyoungenoughtoinspireidealism,ithasalsobeenaroundlongenoughtotestwhethertheprophetscanberight.GrandestofalltheclaimsarethosemadebysomeoftheexpertsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyabouttheInternet’spotentialasaforceforpeace.NicholasNegroponte,hasdeclaredthat,thankstotheInternet,thechildrenofthefuture“arenotgoingtoknowwhatnationalismis”.Hiscolleague,MichaelDertouzos,haswrittenthatdigitalcommunicationswillbring“computer-aidedpeace”which“mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups”.Theideaisthatimprovedcommunicationswillreducemisunderstandingsandtransferconflict.Thisisnotnew,anymorethanweretheclaimsforthepeace-makingpossibilitiesofothernewtechnologies.Intheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,airplaneswereexpectedtoendwars,bypromotinginternationalcommunicationand(lesscredibly)bymakingarmiesout-of-date,sincetheywouldbeweaktoattackfromtheair.AftertheFirstWorldWarhaddispelledsuchnotions,itwastheturnofradio.“Nationshallspeakpeaceuntonation”ranthefinemottoofBritain’sBBCWorldService.Sadly,RadioofRwandadisprovedtheideathatradiowasanintrinsicallypeaceforceonceandforall.Themistakepeoplemakeistoassumethatwarsarecausedsimplybythefailureofdifferentpeoplestounderstandeachotheradequately.Indeed,evenifthatweretrue,theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict.Hatespeechandintolerancedevelopinitsdarkcomers,wheregovernmentfindsithardtointervene.AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.1.Nowadays,the1858acclaimbyenthusiastsarestillusedtodescribe（

）.2.Thephrase"staveoff"(underlinedinparagraph2)probablymeans（

）.

3.PeoplewillnotbelievetheInternetcanputanendtowarifthey（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.themeritsofbiotechnologyB.thesignificanceofnewtechnologyC.theprospectoftheInternetD.thesequencingofhumangenome問題2選項(xiàng)A.getridofB.advocateforC.makeuseofD.scrapethrough問題3選項(xiàng)A.cancontrolhatespeechandintoleranceontheInternetB.donottakemisunderstandingasthereasonforwarC.efficientlyfostertheInternetasameansofcommunicationD.knowthenatureoftheInternetistoadvocatewar3.單選題AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolphMensalfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient.“Atanyparticularstageinitslife,abeehasaspecificjobtodo.Iftheyareunabletodothatjob,theyconservetheirenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.“Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.Theroux,whokeeps85hiveseachcontaining300,000beesinHawaii,addedthatProf.Mendel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.MensahItperformstoomanyusefulfunctionsinourculture.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”1.Prof.RandolphMendel’slatestresearch（

）.2.AccordingtoProf.RandolphMensal,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?4.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbeesB.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbeesC.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbeesD.confirmsourperceptionofthematureofbees問題2選項(xiàng)A.Beesarehardworking.B.Beesarequicklearners.C.Beeshaveintelligence.D.Beeshavegoodmemory.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Howtoworkfaster.B.Howtolivelonger.C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.問題4選項(xiàng)A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybeesB.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybeesC.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimageD.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans4.單選題Mary'smotherhadto（

）herdressbecauseMaryisgrowingsotall.問題1選項(xiàng)A.letoffB.letgoC.letoutD.letloose5.單選題Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（

）andasksthemquestions.問題1選項(xiàng)A.atlengthB.atrandomC.inessenceD.inbulk6.單選題Severalunpopulardecision（

）thegovernor’spopularity.問題1選項(xiàng)A.decayedB.diminishedC.distortedD.dissolved7.單選題Heisholdinga（

）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.問題1選項(xiàng)A.successiveB.succeedingC.subordinateD.subsequent8.單選題Hewatchedamazedateightsquirrelsthatwalked（

）downthebank,andmadeforalargepinetreeatthebottom.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inprofileB.inarowC.insinglefileD.allalongtheline9.單選題Hardworkandmalnutrition（

）hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.問題1選項(xiàng)A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.smashed10.單選題Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsomesocialgroups,（

）fromthefarmingcommunity.問題1選項(xiàng)A.straightforwardlyB.notablyC.virtuallyD.exceptionally11.單選題Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleareworriedaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedby（1）fromhandsetsandbasestations,despitethelackof

（2）

evidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthe

（3）

effectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermoreabundant.Indeed,asystematicreview（4）

byRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,London,roundsup150examplesoftheuseoftext-messaginginthe（5）

ofhealthcare.Theseuses

（6）

threecategories:efficiencygains;public-healthgains;anddirectbenefitstopatientsby（7）

text-messagingintotreatmentregimes.Thestudy,（8）

byVodafone,theworld'slargestmobileoperator,waspublishedthisweek.Usingtextingto

（9）

efficiencyisnotrocketscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.Several（10）

carriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingreminders（11）

thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%,forexample,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments

（12）

33-50%.Ifsuchschemeswererolledoutnationally,thiswould（13）

annualsavingsofabout256m-364m.Textmessagesarealsobeingusedto（14）

patientsaboutbloodtests,clinics,scansanddentalappointments.SimilarschemesinAmerica,NorwayandSwedenhavehad（15）

satisfyingresults―thoughtheuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlands,wherenon-attendanceratesarelow,at4%,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients.Textmessagescanalsobeagoodwaytodisseminatepublic-healthinformation,

（16）

togroupswhoarehardtoreachbyothermeans,suchasteenagers,orindevelopingcountrieswhereothermeansofcommunicationare（17）

.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiatoinformpeopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization'sstrategytocontroltuberculosis,forexample,andinKenya,NigeriaandMalltoprovideinformationaboutHIVandmalaria.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupportacampaigntovaccinatenearly5mchildrenagainstpolio.Finally,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatmentregime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientstotaketheirmedicineatthefighttime,ortoencourage

（18）

withexerciseregimesoreffortstostopsmoking.Theevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerallyanecdotal,however,notesDr.Rifat.Morequantitativeresearchisneeded—whichis（19）

histeamalsopublishedthreepapersthisweekassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephonesinhealthcareinmoredetail.Oneofthesepapers,written

（20）VictoriaFranklinandStephenGreeneoftheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,reportstheresultsofatrialinwhichdiabeticteenagers’treatmentwascarriedoutwithtextmessaging.問題1選項(xiàng)A.radiationB.rationC.mediationD.magnetism問題2選項(xiàng)A.incredibleB.credibleC.credulousD.fabulous問題3選項(xiàng)A.beneficiaryB.profitableC.beneficentD.beneficial問題4選項(xiàng)A.werecarriedoutB.arecarriedoutC.carriedoutD.arebeingcarriedout問題5選項(xiàng)A.deliveryB.postC.transportationD.circulation問題6選項(xiàng)A.fallintoB.fallenintoC.arefallenintoD.fallinginto問題7選項(xiàng)A.incorporationB.incorporatedC.incorporatingD.incorporate問題8選項(xiàng)A.paidB.fundedC.madeD.given問題9選項(xiàng)A.stimulateB.boostC.correctD.reduce問題10選項(xiàng)A.effortsB.tryingC.trialsD.attempts問題11選項(xiàng)A.increasesB.improvesC.reducesD.deduces問題12選項(xiàng)A.byB.atC.toD.for問題13選項(xiàng)A.addupB.accustomtoC.cometoD.contributeto問題14選項(xiàng)A.remindingB.remindC.beremindedD.reminder問題15選項(xiàng)A.fairlyB.considerablyC.comparativelyD.equally問題16選項(xiàng)A.largelyB.slightlyC.speciallyD.particularly問題17選項(xiàng)A.availableB.unavailableC.accessibleD.unaccessible問題18選項(xiàng)A.denialB.refusalC.complianceD.complexity問題19選項(xiàng)A.whyB.becauseC.whenD.how問題20選項(xiàng)A.inthecompanyofB.incomparisonwithC.incontrastwithD.inconjunctionwith12.單選題Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto（

）farming.問題1選項(xiàng)A.goinforB.gothroughwithC.gobackonD.goalongwith13.單選題Nuclearwastesareconsideredto（

）athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.問題1選項(xiàng)A.exposeB.applyC.imposeD.pose14.單選題PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereported,for,likeRoyalty,popstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearancesinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendary:famousstarsenjoyedfame,wealthandadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday’sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmsofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePops”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal.Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency—oftenmorethanlargeindustrialcompanies—andthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcompletefailure.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed:theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtopstars’highincome?2.AccordingtothefirstparagraphRoyaltyonce（

）.3.Accordingtotheauthoritcouldbeinferredthat（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorremindspeople（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ApprovalB.DisapprovalC.IronicalD.Critical問題2選項(xiàng)A.wascoldlygreetedB.ledalifeasalltheotherpeopledidC.livedalifetheformerpopstarscouldenjoyD.enjoyedastyleoflivingthatpeoplewerehardtoimagine問題3選項(xiàng)A.popstarscouldbecomparedtoRoyaltyB.popstarscouldbecomparedtotopmeninindustryC.popstarsarelowentertainersD.popstarsshareconveniences問題4選項(xiàng)A.mostfamousstarsaretipoftheicebergwithotherhundredsstrugglingforalivingB.societyalwaysrewardstopentertainersC.PopstarsarenewsD.crowdsgreetpopstarseverywheretheygo問題5選項(xiàng)A.PopstarsexertundesirableinfluenceinsocietyB.ComingandGongsAreRewardedC.FierceCompetition:TopofthePopD.PopStarsCertainlyMakeTheirMoney15.單選題Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.boundariesB.confinementsC.limitationsD.restraints16.單選題1.Anewstudyusesanunusualsource—proverbs—revealculturaldifferencesinhowChineseandAmericancitizensviewrisksandrisk-taking.2.WhenChineseandAmericanstudentscomparedproverbsfromtheircountriestheyagreed:Chineseproverbsgenerallyadvocatedgreaterrisk-takingthandidAmericanproverbs.3.TheseresultshelpexplainearlierresearchthathasfoundChinesecitizensareindeedmorewillingtotakefinancialrisksthanareAmericans,saidElkeWeber,coauthorofthestudyandaprofessorofpsychologyatOhioStateUniversity.4.“Proverbsarepartofanation’scultureandreflectthenation’sbeliefsandvalues,”saidWeber.“Bylookingatproverbs,wewereabletoshowthatlong-standingculturaldifferencesareonereasonthattheChinesearemorerisk-seekingthanAmericanswhenitcomestofinancialissues,”Webersaid.5.WeberconductedthestudywithChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoandJoannaSokolowskaoftheAcademyofSciencesinWarsaw,Poland.TheresultswerepublishedinarecentissueofthejournalOrganizationalBehaviorandHumanDecisionProcesses.6.StudentsfromthetwocountriesratedAmericanproverbssuchas“Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush,”andChineseproverbssuchas“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”7.Thestudyalsofoundsomedifferencesinhowstudentsfromthetwocountriesviewedproverbs.Forexample,Chinesecitizensgenerallyviewedproverbsasadvocatingmoreriskinfinancialsituationsthaninsocialsituations.TherewasnosuchdistinctionmadebyAmericanparticipants.8.WebersaidthecollectivistcultureofChina―aculturethatemphasizescommitmenttofamily—allowspeopletotakegreaterfinancialrisksbecausecitizensknowtheirnetworkoffriendsandfamilywillhelptheminacrisis.However,becauseoftheimportanceoftheirsocialnetwork,Chinesearelesswillingtotakesocialrisksinwhichtheymightalienatefriendsorfamily.9.InAmerica’sindividualisticculture,peoplehavetobemorecarefulfinanciallybecausetheydon’thavethe“cushion”ofasocialnetworktofallbackon,Webersaid.Ontheotherhand,Americansdon’thavetoworryasmuchabouttheirsocialnetwork.“Theproverbsofeachcountryreflectthesedifferingculturalvaluesandconcerns,”Webersaid.10.Inonestudy,82Americanand87Chinesecollegestudentswereaskedtorate34proverbs—17fromeachcountry—thathadsomeadviceaboutdealingwithrisk.Theproverbsweretranslatedintotheparticipants’nativelanguagesandparticipantswerenottoldwhichcountrytheproverbswerefrom.11.Theparticipantswerethenaskedifeachproverbpromotedriskaversionorriskseekingintwodifferentsituations,onefinancialandonesocial.Theyratedtheproverbsonafive-pointscaleinwhich1wasrisk-averse,3wasneutraland5wasriskseeking.12.TheparticipantsfromeachcountryratedChineseproverbsasmoreriskseekingingeneralthantheAmericanproverbs,Webersaid.Forexample,inonegroupofproverbs,AmericanstudentsgavetheAmericanproverbsanaveragescoreof2.83,andtheChineseproverbsanaveragescoreof3.07.13.However,WebersaidtheevidencewasclearthatChinesepeoplebelieveproverbsadvocatemoreriskseekinginfinancialsituationsthantheydoinsocialsituations.14.Inaddition,Chineseproverbsseemtodealmorewiththeproblemsofsocialrisk-takingthandoAmericanproverbs,reflectingthecountries’differingvalues.Forexample,Americanstudentssaid95percentofAmericanproverbswereapplicabletofinancialdecisions,butonly63percentwereapplicabletosocialdecisions.ButAmericansthought78percentofChineseproverbswereapplicabletofinancialdecisionsand73percentwereapplicabletosocialdecisions.15.“TheChinesearemuchmoreinterestedthanAmericansinprotectingtheirsocialnetworks.”Webersaid.“ThesefindingsareconsistentwiththenotionthatChinais,andhaslongbeen,acollectivistsocietyandAmericaanindividualisticone.”16.Asecondstudy,whichalsoincludedGermanproverbs,foundthatpeopleratedGermanproverbsinbetweenthosefromAmericaandChina—butclosertoChinese—intermsofriskseekingandriskaversion.Thatmakessense,Webersaid,becauseGermancultureisquitecollectivistinasocialsense,muchlikeChina’s,eventhoughthecountryhasaneconomicsystemthatismorelikeAmerica’s.17.Webersaidthisresearchisimportantforseveralreasons.Forone,itshowshowresearcherscanuseculturalproducts—suchasproverbs,novels,ornurseryrhymes—tohelpexplaincross-culturaldifferencesinbeliefsandbehavior.Theseresultsalsohaveapracticaluseinhelpingpeopleinvolvedininternationalnegotiationstobetterunderstandculturaldifferences.“Whenyouaredealingwithsomeonefromanothercountry,itisimportanttoknowiftherearedifferencesinperceptionsorvaluesthatcanaffectnegotiations.Inthiscase,ifyouknowtheotherpersonhasdifferentriskperceptionsorriskpreferencesthanyou,itispossibletodevelopanagreementthatleavesbothsidesbetteroff.”1.Thestudyusedproverbsbecause（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheproverbs"Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush"and"Failureisthemotherofsuccess"?3.TheChineseadvocatemorerisk-takinginfinancialsituationsbecause（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofasocietythatemphasizesindividualvalues?5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeconcludedfromthepassage?I.Apersonwhoenjoysgoodsocialrelationstendstoriskhimselffinancially.II.Apersonwhoenjoysgoodsocialrelationstendstobeconcernedabouttheproblemtherein.III.Apersonwhodoesn'tcareaboutsocialnetworktendstotakemoresocialrisks.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ChinaandAmericahaveapproximatelythesamenumberofproverbsB.mostproverbsdealwithrisk-takingC.thesubjectshadalargerepertoireofproverbsD.proverbsareculture-ladenexpressions問題2選項(xiàng)A.Theyarethemostquotedproverbs.B.Theyrevealdifferentattitudestowardrisk-taking.C.Theyinvolvedifferentimages.D.Theyexpressthesameproposition.問題3選項(xiàng)A.theyareaheadlongpeopleB.theyarefinanciallydisadvantagedC.theyhavethe"cushion"ofsocialnetworkD.theyhavemorefinancialopportunities問題4選項(xiàng)A.Itscitizenstendtocareaboutsocialnetwork.B.Itscitizensarefamily-oriented.C.Itscitizensarerisk-taking.D.Itscitizenscaremoreaboutthemselvesfinancially.問題5選項(xiàng)A.IonlyB.IIonlyC.BothIandIIID.I,IIandIII17.單選題Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions,”ConnerlysaidMonday.Meanwhile,USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO-Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesEnsureconstitutionalpolicies.Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehowor—whethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosedmouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.1.Whichofthefollowingintheopinionoftheopponentsofaffirmativeaction?2.ConneryinsistedthattheCourt'srulingshould（

）.3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Thebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsisnotover.B.TheSupremeCourt’srulingshouldbeadaptedtocollegesituations.C.Itisnecessarytoformulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.D.Race-neutralprogramsshouldnotbesetupincollegeanduniversities.問題2選項(xiàng)A.winapprovalfromCaliforniavotersbeforeitisputineffectB.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpollC.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstatesD.producetheintendedpracticalaffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted問題3選項(xiàng)A.Neutrality.B.Objection.C.Approval.D.Indifference.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.D.TheCourt'sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople'sattitudetoit.18.單選題Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreaterglowofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.S.hadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheApolloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.TodayMarsloomsashumanity'snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.