定語從句課件2023屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語從句Whatistheattribute?(什么是定語）a

redapple a

beautifulgirl 形容詞作定語myfriend

hispen 代詞作定語agirlinred amanwithglasses

介詞短語作定語appletree shoeshop

名詞作定語什么是定語？定語就是用來修飾名詞或者代詞的成分Whatistheattributiveclause?(什么是定語從句）thehandsome

修飾成分thenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.（主句）Theboy

whoishandsomeisTom.Theboy

whoisnaughtyisTom.修飾一個名詞或代詞的單詞或短語叫定語，如為一個句子則稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞定語從句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)是：

主句+先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句

定語從句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)是：Iknowtheboy

whoissittingonthedesk.主句定語從句先行詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞：whowhomwhosethatwhich關(guān)系副詞：whenwherewhy先行詞：被修飾的成分,即名詞或代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中有三個作用：

1.引導(dǎo)一個定語從句；

2.在從句中代替先行詞；

3.在從句中擔任某一句子成份。1.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.2.Theboy

whohasaroundfaceisTom.3.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.4.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.5.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.6.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.8.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.9.Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.10.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.11.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.12.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.13.Hereistheboythatdamagedthevase.7.Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.注意：

1關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都要充當句子成分。

2當關(guān)系代詞充當動詞和介詞的賓語時可省略，但如果介詞提前的話，不可以用that,而且不可以省略。

3定語從句中的謂語動詞要和先行詞保持一致注意：oneof+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)theonly/thejust/thevery+oneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。關(guān)系代詞的功能：who指人做主語whom指人作賓語that指人也指物，做主語也做賓語which指物，做主語也做賓語whose指人也指物，做定語，強調(diào)所屬關(guān)系when指時間，做時間狀語where指地點，做地點狀語why指原因，做原因狀語例

1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主語)那個站在樹底下的女生是我同桌。Thegirlwho/thatisstandingunderthetreeismydeskmate.那個曾經(jīng)傷了我的自尊的男生在那邊。Theboywho/thathurtmyprideonceisoverthere.例2:Theboy____________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(whom/that)指人:whom/that(賓語,可省略)你所提到的那個老師已經(jīng)退休。Theteacher(that/whom)youreferredtohasretired.你所關(guān)心的那個男生犟得像頭驢。Theboy(that/whom)youcaredaboutisasstubbornasadonkey.例3:Thecar__________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主語)例4:Thequestion___________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(賓語,可省略)我所喜歡的科目是地理。Thesubject(that/which)Iamfondofisgeography.我不擅長的語法是定語從句。Thegrammar(that/which)Iamnotgoodatistheattributiveclause.

that指人/物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.★★★關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法區(qū)別

which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能?。㏕hisrecorder（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?Doyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,

一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething

(that)

youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.

Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時。(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時。(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,

一般用that而不用which。(5)先行詞是who或which時，關(guān)系代詞用that.

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?(6)主句以Therebe引導(dǎo)時

Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)當先行詞在定語從句中作be表語時，關(guān)系代詞用that.Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,

一般用which而不用that。(1)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語（介詞提前）Thosearemanytreesunder

whichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定語從句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)先行詞本身是that，或句子中已經(jīng)有了thatWhatIwanttodoisthatwhichwillhelpusall.(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.Thescientist?wemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.

whomthat(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.

which?

用定語從句改寫下列句子(3)Heisthekindperson.

Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.

(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith.

whom?ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

?whose在引導(dǎo)定語從句時，用作定語。指人時：whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhom =ofwhom+the+名詞指物時：whose+名詞

=the+名詞+ofwhich =ofwhich+the+名詞

DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?→DoyouknowthemanthenameofwhomisWangYu? Marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred.→Marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhichisred. =ofwhomthename=ofwhichtheroof

定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why

①在口語和非正式場合,when,where和why或相當于關(guān)系副詞的“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)可用that來代替并可省略。

Doyouknowanywhere(that)Icangetadrink?

你知道在哪兒我能喝杯酒嗎？②why或that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,先行詞是reason,且reason又作主句主語時,表語從句不能用because引導(dǎo),而要用that引導(dǎo)。其句型為：Thereasonwhy...isthat...或Thereasonthat...isthat...。Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathewasinjuredinthetrafficaccidentonhiswaytoschool.他上學(xué)遲到的原因是他在上學(xué)路上的交通事故中受傷了。Thereasonthatheexplainedatthemeetingwasthathehadtolookafterhismotherinhospital.他在會上解釋的原因是他不得不去照顧他住院的母親。③“地點模糊”的先行詞后跟where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。當先行詞為point,situation,conditions,case,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job等表示某人/物所處的情況、發(fā)展的階段或表達某事的某個方面時,用where引導(dǎo)定語從句,where相當于fromwhich,underwhich等,表示“在這種情況下”,“從……中”等。We’rejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.我們只是盡力想能達到雙方共同坐下來商談的地步。關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)1.考慮代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當?shù)恼Z法成分,如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語,就用關(guān)系代詞；如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,就用關(guān)系副詞。Thehouseneedsrepairing.他住的房子需要修理。whereheliveswhich/thathelivesin2.辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、時間、地點還是原因。Idon’tlikethemanwhoalwaysspeaksillofothers.我不喜歡總是說他人壞話的人。Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether.我永遠也忘不了我們在一起工作的日子。3.判斷從句是限制性還是非限制性定語從句。Adictionaryisabookthatgivesthemeaningsofwords.詞典是解釋詞語意思的書。Adictionaryisabook,whichgivesthemeaningsofwords.詞典是一本書,它給出詞語的意思。4.判斷關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語還是作狀語,取決于定語從句中的謂語動詞。ThisisthepointwhereIdisagree.這就是我不同意的地方。(disagree為不及物動詞,故關(guān)系詞用where。)Thisisthepoint(which/that)Idisagreewith.這就是我不同意的地方。(從句缺少介詞with的賓語,用that/which引導(dǎo),也可以省略)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，寫時往往逗號分開。引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句：此時無論它在從句中充當什么成分它都不能省約，也不能換為that1)和主句之間的關(guān)系不密切，只起附加說明作用：Wealllikethebook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.2)用來代替整個先行分句的內(nèi)容。這時它所引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句之后：Bushwaselectedpresidentagain,whichmadeJimverysad.

一.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的連接詞who/whom/whose/which/where/when/why/as來引導(dǎo),不能用that二.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句1.as具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞是固定的,如：asyouknow/see/planned/asweexpected/understand/think/believe也可以將它們用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)中:asisknown/seen/planned/expectedTheearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround.______isknowntoall_________theearthisround.______isknowntoallis_________theearthisround.Itwhich/asAsIt定語從句在句首時只能用as,it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句thatWhatthatwhat引導(dǎo)主語從句,t