上海高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)2時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)剖析課件

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)二動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般wrotewrite/writeswillwritewouldwrite進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般wrotewrite/writeswillwritewouldwrite進(jìn)行was/werewritingam/is/arewritingwillbewritingwouldbewriting完成完成進(jìn)行動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般wrotewrite/writeswillwritewouldwrite進(jìn)行was/werewritingam/is/arewritingwillbewritingwouldbewriting完成hadwrittenhave/haswrittenwillhavewrittenwouldhavewritten完成進(jìn)行動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般wrotewrite/writeswillwritewouldwrite進(jìn)行was/werewritingam/is/arewritingwillbewritingwouldbewriting完成hadwrittenhave/haswrittenwillhavewrittenwouldhavewritten完成進(jìn)行hadbeenwritinghave/hasbeenwritingwillhavebeenwritingwouldhavebeenwriting一般過去時(shí)：Wedidn’thaveanylandatthattime.

過去某一特定時(shí)間所發(fā)生的事LuXun

wasagreatwriter.

已故之人的行為Itwasapitythatyoudidn’tgotothelecture.

從實(shí)際語境中可以判斷是過去發(fā)生的常用時(shí)間狀語：

yesterday(morning…),last(night…),(aweek…)ago,that(day…),thedaybeforeyesterday,theyearbeforelast,inthepast,theotherday,justnow,thismorning過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Whatwere

youdoing

fromsixtoeightyesterdayevening?

表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Wewerecleaningthehousewhentheyarrived.

從上下文的語境進(jìn)行判斷將來進(jìn)行時(shí)Thistimenextweekwewillbeworkinginthatfactory.

表示將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Lightstravelsfasterthansounds.

客觀真理Helovessports.

事實(shí)描述Theywalktoworkeveryday.

經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作Tellherthegoodnewswhenshe

comes.

祈使句；主將從現(xiàn)的從句常用時(shí)間狀語：

every(day…),usually,often,sometimes,seldom,onceaday現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Look!Awomanwithtwochildreniscominguptous.Heisplayingfootballnow.

表示現(xiàn)在正在做的動(dòng)作。常用時(shí)間狀語：

now,atthemoment,atpresent,always,allthetime常見標(biāo)志詞：look,listen注意！Thegirlisalwaysaskingthesamequestion.

進(jìn)行時(shí)和always,allthetime連用，表示說話人抱怨或贊嘆的情緒，帶感情色彩。

SheisleavingforNanjingtomorrowmorning.

表示來往動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

eg:come,go,arrive,leave,start,fly注意！表示“感官，心理活動(dòng)，狀態(tài)，從屬”的動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。感官：sound,smell,taste,feel,look,see,hear,notice,appear,seem心理活動(dòng)：hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive,understand,know,realize,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember狀態(tài)：be,exist,remain,stay,obtain,gain,get從屬：have,possess,own,contain,belongto,consistof一般將來時(shí)：

Iwill/shallarrive

tomorrow.

將來某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)要做的事

IwillletyouknowwhenIfinish.

主將從現(xiàn)的主句

Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.

祈使句后面跟的并列句

常用時(shí)間狀語：

tomorrow(morning…),next(year…),in(aweek…),thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuture,inaminute,beforelong,atonce,soon,rightaway,rightnow,rightoff,presently注意!willdo/shalldo

將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。begoingtodo

打算；自然現(xiàn)象表明。betodo

按計(jì)劃必須要做的事。beabouttodo

剛要做某件事。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Thecityhastakenonanewlook.Howmanypageshaveyoucovered?

到現(xiàn)在為止已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用時(shí)間狀語：

already,yet,never,ever,since,for(sometime),recently,lately,sofar,bynow,uptillnow,tothisday,inthepast10years,forthelastfewdays,before注意!

瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和for(sometime)連用：

become die leave return marry getup borrow jointhearmybebedeadbeawaybebackbemarriedbeupkeepserveinthearmy現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Ihavebeenwritinglettersallthemorning.

表示過去某一時(shí)刻開始的動(dòng)作且狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常用時(shí)間狀語：

allthemorning,alldaylong,allnightlong,alltheyearround.過去完成時(shí)：Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Thetaskwasmuchharderthanwehadexpected.

以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)作參照，在這之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。（過去的過去）過去將來時(shí)：Shefeltsorryandsaidshewouldmakeanapologytoyou.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'tsucceednow.以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)作參照，將來要做的動(dòng)作。常用于間接引語和虛擬句中。有固定時(shí)態(tài)用法的幾種情況：bytheendof/bythetime后跟過去時(shí)間，主句過去完成時(shí)。bytheendof/bythetime后跟將來時(shí)間或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句將來完成時(shí)。Hardly/Scarcely…when…,Nosooner…than…主句過去完成時(shí)，從句一般過去時(shí)。hope,expect,intend,mean,want,plan用過去完成時(shí)表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，打算或意圖。例：IhadhopedthatIcouldpassthedrivingtest,butIfailedagain.Itisthefirst/second/thirdtimethat…+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Itwasthefirst/second/thirdtimethat…+過去完成時(shí)Itis(high)timethat…+did/shoulddowouldrather(that)sb+did/haddone

過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?；過去完成時(shí)表示過去的愿望…h(huán)ave/hasdone…since…did…主句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句過去時(shí)Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間since…did…從句過去時(shí)Itwillbe+一段時(shí)間before…do/does…從句現(xiàn)在時(shí)Itwas+一段時(shí)間before…did…從句過去時(shí)有固定時(shí)態(tài)用法的幾種情況：容易混淆時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)

Therestauranthasbeencloseddown. Therestaurantwascloseddownyesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，一般過去時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Theyhavebeenrepairingcars.他們一直在修汽車。

Theyhaverepairedseveralcars.他們已修了幾輛汽車?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的不間斷性，當(dāng)與for+sometime連用時(shí)可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)互換使用。過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般進(jìn)行完成動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)形式過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般was/weredoneam/is/aredonewillbedonewouldbedone進(jìn)行完成動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)形式過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般was/weredoneam/is/aredonewillbedonewouldbedone進(jìn)行was/werebeingdoneam/is/arebeingdone//完成動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)形式過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般was/weredoneam/is/aredonewillbedonewouldbedone進(jìn)行was/werebeingdoneam/is/arebeingdone//完成hadbeendonehave/hasbeendonewillhavebeendonewouldhavebeendone動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)形式1.(人們)普遍認(rèn)為2.據(jù)說3.據(jù)報(bào)道4.眾所周知5.必須指出Itisgenerallybelievedthat…,Itisgenerallyconsideredthat,Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…ItiswellknownthatItmustbepointedoutthat漢語句子沒有明確主語時(shí)，在英語中一般用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示不同形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.含有直賓和間賓的句子Heshowedmehispictures.→Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.→Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.→Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.→Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.2.含有復(fù)合賓語的句子TheycallherMary.→SheiscalledMary.Heleftthedooropen.→Thedoorwasleftopenbyhim.MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.→IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIwasyoung.注意：make,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)，必須還原to3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Theycannotfindhim.→Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.→Imustbepaidforthis.Hecanrepairyourwatch.→Yourwatchcanberepaired.4.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefirebrigadearrived.→Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-bri