《計算機英語》課件Chapter-10-Internet

ContentsChapter1IntroductiontoInformationTechnologyChapter2SystemUnitChapter3InputDevicesChapter4OutputDevicesChapter5SecondaryStorageChapter6SystemSoftwareChapter7ApplicationSoftwareChapter8CommunicationSystemChapter9ComputerNetworkChapter10InternetChapter11ElectronicCommerceandSecurityChapter12ProfessionalCertificationandCareersinInformationSystemsChapter10InternetObjectiveAfterreadingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:MasterInternet,Web,TCP/IP,E-mail,FTP,andTelnetterms.KnowhowtoaccesstheInternet.KnowhowtosendE-mail.ExplainIPaddress,DNS,SearchEngines.DescribeSomeofWebutilities.10.1InternetTheInternetisaglobalnetworkofinterconnectedcomputers,enablinguserstoshareinformationalongmultiplechannels.ThemovementofinformationintheInternetisachievedviaasystemofinterconnectedcomputernetworksthatsharedatabypacketswitchingusingthestandardizedInternetProtocolSuite(TCP/IP).10.1InternetAmajorityofwidelyaccessibleinformationontheInternetconsistsofinter-linkedhypertextdocumentsandotherresourcesoftheWorldWideWeb(WWW).Computeruserstypicallymanagesentandreceivedinformationwithwebbrowsers;othersoftwareforusers'interfacewithcomputernetworksincludesspecializedprogramsforelectronicmail,onlinechat,filetransferandfilesharing.10.1Internet10.2InternetprotocolsTheprincipalmethodsofnetworkingthatenabletheInternetarecontainedinaseriesofRFCsthatconstitutetheInternetStandards.ThesestandardsdescribeasystemknownastheInternetProtocolSuite.10.3CommonusesThecommonusesofInternetinclude:E-mail,theWorldWideWeb,remoteaccess,collaboration,filesharing,streamingmedia,andInternettelephony(VoIP).10.3.1E-mailElectronicmail(oftenabbreviatedase-mailoremail.)isanymethodofcreating,transmitting,orstoringprimarilytext-basedhumancommunicationswithdigitalcommunicationssystems.Internete-mailmessagesconsistoftwomajorsections:Header.Structuredintofieldssuchassummary,sender,receiver,andotherinformationaboutthee-mail.Body.Themessageitselfasunstructuredtext;sometimescontainingasignatureblockattheend.10.3.1E-mail10.3.1E-mail10.3.1E-mailCc.Standsfor“carboncopy”.Anyonelistedinthe“Cc:”fieldofamessagewillreceiveacopyofthatmessagewhenyousendit.Allother

recipientsofthatmessagewillbeabletoseethatthepersonyoudesignatedasaCc:recipienthasreceivedacopyofthemessage.Bcc.Standsfor“blindcarboncopy”.ThisissimilartotheCc:feature,exceptthatBcc:recipientsareinvisibletoalloftheotherrecipientsofthemessage.10.3.2TheWorldWideWebTheWorldWideWebisahugesetofinterlinkeddocuments,imagesandotherresources,linkedbyhyperlinksandURLs.10.3.2TheWorldWideWebSoftwareproductsthatcanaccesstheresourcesoftheWebarecorrectlytermeduseragents,suchasInternetExplorer,FirefoxandAppleSafari.10.3.2TheWorldWideWebThroughkeyword-drivenInternetresearchusingsearchengineslikeYahoo!andGoogle,millionsofpeopleworldwidehaveeasy,instantaccesstoavastanddiverseamountofonlineinformation.10.3.2TheWorldWideWeb10.3.3RemoteaccessTheInternetallowscomputeruserstoconnecttoothercomputersandinformationstoreseasily,wherevertheymaybeacrosstheworld.Anofficeworkerawayfromhisdesk,perhapsontheothersideoftheworldonabusinesstriporaholiday,canopenaremotedesktopsessionintohisnormalofficePCusingasecureVirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)connectionviatheInternet.10.3.4MicroblogMicroblogisabroadcastmediumintheformofblog.Aswithtraditionalblogs,microbloggerspostabouttopicsrangingfromthesimple,suchas"whatI'mdoingrightnow,"tothethematic.Figure10-8Microblogofsina10.3.5QQQQisapowerfulmessengerofferingfreetextmessaging,videoandvoicechatforyoursmartphoneanddesktopdevices.10.4IPAddressAnInternetProtocol(IP)address

isanumericalidentification(logicaladdress)thatisassignedtodevicesparticipatinginacomputernetworkutilizingtheInternetProtocolforcommunicationbetweenitsnodes.10.4IPAddress10.5DomainNameSystemTheDomainNameSystem(DNS)isahierarchicalnamingsystemforcomputers,services,oranyresourceparticipatingintheInternet.10.5DomainNameSystem

Chapter11ElectronicCommerceandSecurityObjectiveAfterreadingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Definewhattheelectroniccommerceis.Knowtheformsofelectroniccommerce.Describesecurity,privacy,andtrustine-commerceofelectroniccommerce.11.1ElectronicCommerceElectroniccommerce,commonlyknownas(electronicmarketing)e-commerceoreCommerce,consistsofthebuyingandsellingofproductsorservicesoverelectronicsystemssuchastheInternetandothercomputernetworks.11.1ElectronicCommerce11.1ElectronicCommerceE-commercecanprovidethefollowingbenefitsovernon-electroniccommunication:Reducedcosts.

Reducedtime.

Flexibilitywithefficiency.

Enhancedlong-termtradingpartnerrelationships.

Lockincustomers.

Newmarkets.

11.2FormsofElectronicCommerceContemporaryelectroniccommerceinvolveseverythingfromordering"digital"contentforimmediateonlineconsumption,toorderingconventionalgoodsandservices,to"meta"servicestofacilitateothertypesofelectroniccommerce.11.2FormsofElectronicCommerceOntheconsumerlevel,electroniccommerceismostlyconductedontheWorldWideWeb.Ontheinstitutionallevel,bigcorporationsandfinancialinstitutionsusetheInternettoexchangefinancialdatatofacilitatedomesticandinternationalbusiness.11.3Security,Privacy,andTrustinElectronicCommerceManyorganizationstakeadvantageofthee-commerceopportunitiesandmorewillfollow.Beforeyoujointhee-commercebandwagon,keepthefollowinginmind.Security.

Privacy.

Trust.

Chapter12ProfessionalCertificationandCareersinInformationSystemsObjectiveAfterreadingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Knowsomepopularcertificationswhichareoftenusedintheprofessionsofsoftwareengineeringandinformationtechnology.Discusswhatsystemanalysts,webmaster,Databaseadministrators,programmer,networkmanagers,andcomputersupportspecialistsdo.Knowhowtobecomeacomputercompetent.12.1ProfessionalCertificationforInformationTechnologyCareersAProfessionalcertificationintheComputertechnologyfieldisadesignationearnedbyapersontoassurethathe/sheisqualifiedtoperformajobortask.Certificationisoftenusedintheprofessionsofsoftwareengineeringandinformationtechnology.12.1ProfessionalCertificationforInformationTechnologyCareers12.1.1QualificationCertificateofComputerandSoftwareTechnologyProficiency

Thetestisstate-leveltestsadministeredandsponsoredbyMinistryofPersonnelandMinistryIndustryandInformationTechnologyofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.12.1.2NationalComputerRankExaminationAlsocalledNCRE,issponsoredbytheMinistryofEducationtestcentersponsor.12.1.3AdobeCertification

AdobeSystemssponsorstheAdobeCertificationprogram.12.1.4CiscoCareerCertificationsCiscoSystemssponsorstheCiscoCareerCertificationsprogram.12.1.5MicrosoftCertifiedProfessional

MicrosoftCorporationsponsorstheMicrosoftCertifiedProfessionalprogram.12.1.6OracleCertification

OracleCorporationsponsorstheOracleCertificationProgram.12.1.7SunCertifiedProfessional

SunMicrosystemssponsorstheSunCertifiedProfessionalprogram.12.2CareersinInformationSystemsInformationSystemsisstilloneofthenewestindustriesintheworldand,partlyforthisreason,thereisnoclearlydefinedjobstructure.Thereare,however,severaljobswithininformationsystemsthatyoumightliketoconsider.Somearesystemanalyst,webmaster,databaseadministrator,programmer,networkmanager,andcomputersupportspecialist.12.2.1SystemAnalyst

Asasystemanalyst,youwouldworkwithotherindividualswithinanorganizationtoevaluatetheirinformationneeds,designcomputersoftwareandhardwaretomeetthoseneeds,andthenimplementtheinformationsystems.12.2.1SystemAnalyst12.2.2Webmaster

AsaWebmaster,yourdutieswouldfocusonmaintainingthecontentandoperationalstatusofaWebserver.12.2.3DatabaseAdministratorDatabaseadministratorsplayacriticalroleinlargeorganizations.Databaseadministratorsareresponsiblefortheplanning,implementation,configuration,andadministrationofrelationaldatabasemanagementsystems.12.2.4ProgrammerAprogrammerisapersonwhomasterssoftwareengineeringandwritessourcecodeinthecourseofsoftwaredevelopment.Inlanguage-orienteddevelopment,theprogrammerhastolearnthedetailsofthedomaintobeabletowriteadirectsolution.12.2.5NetworkManagerNetworkmanagershavear