自然拼讀全課件

自然拼讀課程Phonics

自然拼讀課程Phonics1Phonics—自然發(fā)音法是一套用自然記憶的方式，建立字母與發(fā)音的直覺音感。不用借助音標(biāo)，看著字母就可以直接讀出該詞的發(fā)音，解決單詞不會(huì)讀，無法拼的問題。簡單說：“自然拼讀法”是教學(xué)生如何看詞讀音或是聽音拼詞的方法。

自然拼讀全課件2為什么要學(xué)習(xí)自然拼讀法？美國斯坦佛大學(xué)曾經(jīng)以計(jì)算機(jī)分析字母與音位的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)17,008個(gè)常用詞中——★84%的字母與其讀音是完全對(duì)應(yīng)的★13%的字母與其讀音是不完全對(duì)應(yīng)的

★3%的字母與其讀音的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系完全無法預(yù)測為什么要學(xué)習(xí)自然拼讀法？美國斯坦佛大學(xué)曾經(jīng)以計(jì)算機(jī)分析字母與3自然拼讀法可以幫助學(xué)生——

＊見詞能讀

＊聽詞能寫

＊不容易遺忘

＊提高閱讀和寫作能力自然拼讀法可以幫助學(xué)生——4一、 同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo)b/b/bookbigbagbox/d/ddeskdolldogdadf/f/finefriendflyfootfanh/h/hathehousehandj/dз/jeepjamjacketjark/k/kitecakeblackthank一、 同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo)b/b/bookbigbag5l/l/legleftrulerflaglamp/l/applebowltelloldm/m/ammapmymouthn/n/noknownewhandp/p/mapjeeppigpeaqu/kw/quitequiltquick同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo)l/l/legleftrulerflaglamp/l6r/r/redradiobrotherracket/t/titsitnotthattablelittlev/v/fivevaseverysevenw/w/wewindowwatchwantx/ks/boxsixfoxz/z/zipzoo同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo)r/r/redradiobrotherracket/t7VowelUuOoIiEeAaVowelVowelUuOoIiEeAaVowel8二、開音節(jié)與閉音節(jié)1）音節(jié)按讀音可以分為開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)開音節(jié)又可以分為絕對(duì)開音節(jié)和相對(duì)開音節(jié)A.絕對(duì)開音節(jié)：是指一個(gè)元音音素后面沒有輔音音素而構(gòu)成的音節(jié)例如：we,hi,yo-yo,hi,no,be等B.相對(duì)開音節(jié)：是指一個(gè)元音音素后面有一個(gè)輔音音素(除r)之外，最后是一個(gè)不發(fā)音的e字母構(gòu)成的音節(jié)，例如:take,make二、開音節(jié)與閉音節(jié)1）音節(jié)按讀音可以分為開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)開音節(jié)9閉音節(jié)：指元音字母后面有輔音字母(輔音字母r除外)構(gòu)成的音節(jié)閉音節(jié)元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重讀閉音節(jié)中分別讀/?//e//i//?//?/如hand,help,lip,gym,hot,club.閉音節(jié)：指元音字母后面有輔音字母(輔音字母r除外)構(gòu)成的音節(jié)10II.MagicEAATATEBEBEDBEDEHIHIDHIDENO

NOT

NOTEUUSUSEII.MagicEAAT11a-eMagicE(神奇的E)caketakelakemakefacenamepagee-ethesethemeeveeveningo-enosecokeroseropehopeposei-etimefiveninewhitewritelikelimerideu-ecutecubehugetubeusea-eMagicE(神奇的E)caketake12ai,ay讀/ei/如

wait,aid；day,may.ei,ey讀/ei/如

veil,weig?h?t；grey,they,conveyoa,oe讀/?u/如

load,coat,toe三、元音間的字母組合發(fā)音ue,ui讀/u:/如

glue,suit,blue,fruitai,ay讀/ei/如wait,aid；d13ea,ee讀/i:/如

eat,cheap；deep,needie,(c)ei讀/i:/如

field,believe；receive,ceilingoa讀/?u/如

road,soap,boatue讀/ju:/如

Tuesday,value,pursue元音間的字母組合發(fā)音ea,ee讀/i:/如eat,cheap；14四、r音節(jié)

指以字母r或‘r+輔音字母’結(jié)尾的音節(jié)在r音節(jié)中：ar讀/ɑ:/,or讀/?:/er,ir,yr,ur都讀/?:/注： 在/w/音后，ar讀/?:/,如war,warm,warn；or讀/?:/,如word,work,world,worse.四、r音節(jié)指以字母r或‘r+輔音字母’結(jié)尾的音節(jié)在r15元音字母與r&re音節(jié)的示例ar[a:]armchaircardarmcarcartparkgardenfarmer[?]sisterbrothermarkerroosterundermotherwinterir[?:]dirtybirdbirthdaycircusgirldirtcircleor[?:]orderforkporkur[?:]hurtturkeyturtlesurfingnursepursefurdoctoractorfavor[?]元音字母與r&re音節(jié)的示例ar[a:]armcha16re音節(jié)

指元音字母與re結(jié)合而成的音節(jié)。在re音節(jié)中：are讀/e?/，ere讀/i?/，ire,yre讀/ai?/，ore讀/?:/,ure讀/ju?/元音字母與r&re音節(jié)的示例are[e?]harescaresquarestareere[i?]heremeresevereire[ai?]firewiretireentireore[?:]moreforecorebeforestoreure[ju?]curepureendurewherethere[e?]re音節(jié)指元音字母與re結(jié)合而成的音節(jié)。在re音節(jié)中17五、元音字母O的組合oo[u]cookbooklookgoodfootbootow[au]nowhowcowou[au]mouthshoutmouseloudhouseproudoi/oy[?i]oiltoynoiseboy[u:]schoolnoodlesfoodzoo[?u]windowbowlowpillowblowslow五、元音字母O的組合oo[u]cookbooklook18四、輔音字母的讀音規(guī)則1.c在字母e，i，y前讀/s/如cell，city，cyber其余情況下讀/k/如cat，club，code2.g在字母e，i，y前讀/?/如gene，gin，gym其余情況下讀/g/如beg,golf,game3.s多數(shù)情況下讀/s/如six，desk，yes有時(shí)讀/z/如is，his，vis'it四、輔音字母的讀音規(guī)則1.c在字母e，i，y前讀/s19輔音字母的讀音規(guī)則4.x處于兩元音字母之間，且其后元音重讀時(shí)，讀/gz/如exist，exam其余情況下讀/ks/如six,next,excuse5.q讀/k/，常和u在一起讀/kw/如quick,question輔音字母的讀音規(guī)則4.x處于兩元音字母之間，且其后元音20五、元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音1.a在[w]音后面讀/?/wantwhatwatchwashquality2.a在f

n

sk

ph

spssstth前

[α:]如afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather3.i在-nd-ld和gh前讀[ai]findchildlighthigh4.o在-st-ld前[?u]mostpostcardoldcold在mnvth前[∧]comemonkeylovemother5.元音字母u在輔音字母jlrs后面時(shí)讀[u:]音

例如：Junebluerulersuper五、元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音1.a在[w]音后面讀21六、

輔音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則1.ch,tch讀/?/，如China,much；catch,match2.ph,gh讀/f/，如photo,phone3.sh讀/?/，如shape,she,short,fish4.th多數(shù)情況下讀/θ/，如three,third但有時(shí)讀/e/,如that,than,with.(讀/e/時(shí)可下畫一線).5.dg,dj讀/?/，如judge，lodging；adjust,adjective.六、輔音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則1.ch,tch讀/?226.wh在字母o前讀/h/,如who,whom,whose(其中的字母o讀/u:/)其余情況下讀/w/，如which，when，why7.n在和字母g構(gòu)成字母組合時(shí)，以及處于讀/g/或/k/的字母前（如c,g,k等）讀/?/如long,thing,length；an'gry,fin'ger；drink,think,thank,long.8.gu在元音前讀/g/，如guess,guide,guest；在字母n后讀/gw/，如lan'guagedistin'guish，lin'guist輔音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則6.wh在字母o前讀/h/,如who,whom,23七、

元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音規(guī)則1.a,o,u讀/?/，如

Chi'na,sec'ond,dif'ficult2.e,i,y讀/i/,如

result',vic'tim,hap'py七、元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音規(guī)則1.a,o,24八、元音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則1.au,aw讀/?:/,如

cause,au'ral,launch,sauce,law,dawn2.eu,ew(iew)讀/ju:/,如

neu'tral,deuce；new,view,review3.air,aer讀/e?/,如

air,fair;aer'ial,aer'oplane4.ear,eer讀/i?/如

ear,clear；beer,deer八、元音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則1.au,aw讀/?255.our讀/au?/如

our,sour,h?our6.igh讀/ai/,如

high,light,might,night7.augh,ough讀/?:/,如

daughter,caught,taught；ought,fought,thought8.oul在

could,should,would中讀/u/元音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則5.our讀/au?/如our,sour26九、幾個(gè)非重讀后綴或字母組合的讀音規(guī)則1.a在后綴-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中讀/i/，如

pal'ace,com'rade,vil'lage,ac'curate2.e在后綴-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中讀/?/,如cru'el,o’pen,stu'dent,si'lence,flu'ency3.i在后綴-ible中讀/?/,如

pos'sible4.ai,ay,ei,ey在非重讀音節(jié)中一般弱讀為/i/,如moun'tai?n,Fri'day?,for'feit,val'ley?九、幾個(gè)非重讀后綴或字母組合的讀音規(guī)則1.a在后綴-27十、其他字母組合的讀音規(guī)則1.-ful讀/ful/,如

help'ful,harm'ful,use'ful2.-gue讀/g/,如

di'alogue,cat'alogue3.-que讀/k/,如

cheque,pic'turesque'4.-ous讀/?s/,如

fa'mous,gen'erous,nerv'ous5.-our讀/?/,如

fa'vour,h?on'our,la'bour6.-ure讀/?/,如

fig'ure,in'jure.但在fail'ure中讀/j?/十、其他字母組合的讀音規(guī)則1.-ful讀/ful/287.-ow讀/?u/,如

win'dow,yel'low,pil'low8.-ture讀/??/,如

pic'ture,cul'ture,fur'niture9.-ion讀/?n/,如

fash'ion,cu?sh'ion10.-stion讀/s??n/,如

ques'tion,suges'tion,diges'tion11.-i在字母

d,t,n,l后，且在元音字母前，讀/j/。如

au'dience,fron'tier,opin'ion,famil'?ar其他字母組合的讀音規(guī)則7.-ow讀/?u/,如win'dow,yel'29十一、其他讀音規(guī)則oo1.讀/u/A.在字母k前（book,look,took）B.在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中C.在派生詞good‘ness,foot’ball,wool‘en中2.讀/u:/在其余情況下讀/u:/,如:cool,food,loose,room,zoo3.讀/?/在flood，blood及其派生詞（flood'ing,blood'less等）中讀/?/十一、其他讀音規(guī)則oo1.讀/u/A.在字母k前（301.-sure在元音字母后讀/??/,如clo'sure,expo'sure在輔音字母后讀/??/，如pres'sure,flex'ure(x=ks)2.-sion在元音字母后讀/??n/，如v?'sion,occa'sion,div?'sion在輔音字母后讀/??n/，如discus'sion,impres'sion,expan'sion3.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi在字母a,e,o前讀/?/如：o‘cean；so’cial；A‘sia；par’tial；Egyp‘tian；suff?’cient；pa'tient；pr?'cious；Rus'sian；an'xious其他讀音規(guī)則1.-sure在元音字母后讀/??/,如clo'sure31十二、其他組合kn:knitknobkneeknifeknockwr:writewristwrinklewrapwreathmb:bombthumblambnumbcombcrumbsp:spellspiderspinachspaceshipspoonst:storestarstormstampstockingsstickstudentstandsc:scalescarfscarecrowscooterscorpionscoopscannersk:skirtskunkskisskates十二、其他組合kn:knitknobkneeknif32VII.ConsonantBlends:BeginningS-family(st,sk,sp,)R-family(gr,br,dr,cr,pr,tr,wr)L-family(fl,bl,cl,kl,pl,sl)EndingN-family(nt,nd,nk)Others(mp,st)Threeletters(scr,spl,str,spr)VII.ConsonantBlends:Beginnin33VII.ConsonantBlends:st:studentstonestopsp:speakspacespoonsc:scaryscarfscarsk:skyskirt

skateS-family(st,sk,sp,)VII.ConsonantBlends:st:stude34VII.ConsonantBlends:bl:blockblondhairblousepl:plum

plateplanegl:glueglassesglovecl:clayclassclonefl:flydragonflybutterflyL-family(fl,bl,cl,kl,pl,sl)VII.ConsonantBlends:bl:block35VII.ConsonantBlends:br:brownbroombrickpr:pray

princeprincessgr:grapegreygrincr:crycrazy

crownR-family(gr,br,dr,cr,pr,tr,wr)VII.ConsonantBlends:br:brown36VII.ConsonantBlends:fr:Fridayfriendfruittr:treetrack

tripdr:driverdreamdrawVII.ConsonantBlends:fr:Frida37VII.ConsonantBlends:sl:slidslideslowsn:snakesnap

snailsm:smokesmoothsmilesw:swansweaterswitchVII.ConsonantBlends:sl:slid