【解析】重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體2022-2023學年高一下學期7月期末英語試題

第第頁【解析】重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體2022-2023學年高一下學期7月期末英語試題登錄二一教育在線組卷平臺助您教考全無憂

重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體2022-2023學年高一下學期7月期末英語試題

一、閱讀理解(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀理解

FourPlacesNamedAfterScientistsinAntarctica

TherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomeninAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey'renamedfor.

JonesTerrace(梯田)

Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica'sVictoriaLandbearsJones'name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley'sice-coveredlakes.

MountFiennes

8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica'slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemalewhowasinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.

FrancisPeak

The3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica'sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2023paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.

PedenCliffs

PedenCliffsnearAntarctica'sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

1．WhichplaceisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic

A．JonesTerrace.B．MountFiennes.

C．FrancisPeak.D．PedenCliffs.

2．WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic

A．LoisM.Jones.B．GinnyFiennes.

C．DameJaneFrancis.D．IrenePeden.

3．WhatisspecialaboutIrenePeden

A．ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

B．Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.

C．ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.

D．Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.

【答案】1．B

2．C

3．A

【知識點】細節(jié)理解題；時文廣告類；應用文

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了南極洲四個以做出科學突破的女性科學家命名的地標。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關內(nèi)容并進行理解。

1．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)MountFiennes部分中的"8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica'slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic."8202英尺高的Fiennes山位于南極洲最大的島嶼——亞歷山大島上，以GinnyFiennes的名字命名。她在南極洲建立并維護了80英尺高的無線電發(fā)射塔?？芍現(xiàn)iennes山是以南極洲無線電發(fā)射塔建造者GinnyFiennes的名字命名的。故選B。

2．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)FrancisPeak部分中的"HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2023paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes."她在西摩島收集的化石幫助她在2023年的一篇論文中得出結(jié)論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸曾經(jīng)有過比現(xiàn)在溫暖得多的氣候?？芍珼ameJaneFrancis證明了南極洲以前有過更高的溫度。故選C。

3．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)PedenCliffs部分中的"TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets."他們還使用不同的無線電波頻率來測量南極洲冰蓋的厚度。可知，IrenePeden的特別之處在于她可以判斷南極洲冰蓋的厚度。故選A。

（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）閱讀理解

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof"Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile"wasassignedthecategories"sittingatbeach"and"listeningtowaves."

Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla"naturelanguage"begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.

"We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,"saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.

4．Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext

A．Pocketparksarenowpopular.

B．Wildnatureishardtofindincities.

C．Manycitiesareoverpopulated.

D．Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.

5．Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories

A．Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.

B．Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.

C．Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.

D．Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.

6．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5

A．Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.

B．Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.

C．Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.

D．Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.

7．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn

A．Languagestudy.B．Environmentalconservation.

C．Publiceducation.D．Interculturalcommunication.

【答案】4．B

5．D

6．C

7．B

【知識點】推理判斷題；細節(jié)理解題；說明文；環(huán)境保護類；人文地理類

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。講述了野生自然對人類很重要研究人員呼吁保護城市中的野生自然。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。涉及推理判斷題，細節(jié)理解題。解答推理判斷題要根據(jù)原文中的信息與選項信息結(jié)合起來進行正確推斷，得出答案；解答細節(jié)理解題要完全符合原文，不能主觀臆斷。

4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展，生活在城市地區(qū)的人們越來越難以接近大自然?？芍x項Wildnatureishardtofindincities.符合題意，故答案為B。

5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof"Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile"wasassignedthecategories"sittingatbeach"and"listeningtowaves."然后，研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息，將體驗分成不同的類別。例如，一個參與者的“我們坐在沙灘上聽了一會兒海浪”的經(jīng)歷被分配到“坐在沙灘上”和“聽海浪”的類別。可知選項Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.符合題意，故答案為D。

6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.命名每一種自然體驗創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語言，這有助于人們認識并參與到對他們來說最滿意和最有意義的活動中。例如，沿著水邊散步的經(jīng)歷可能會讓一個年輕的專業(yè)人士在周末去公園徒步旅行時感到滿意。在工作日回到市中心，他們可以在午休時沿著噴泉散步，享受一種更居家的互動方式?？芍匀惑w驗可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式。選項Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.符合題意，故答案為C。

7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,"saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.”要做到這一點，我們還需要保護自然，這樣我們才能與它互動，”該研究的資深彼得·卡恩說?？芍x項Environmentalconservation.符合題意，故答案為B。

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀理解

Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.

"Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,"explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD'sheadofeducationresearch.JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationbytestingrandomlychosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwillsampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentthanthetwoestablishedrankings,thoughtheBritishonedoestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.

ThereismuchtobesaidfortheOECD'sapproach.OfcourseaNobellaureate'sviewonwheretostudymaybeworthhearing,butthoseprofessorsmaybesobusywritingandresearchingthattheyspendlittleornotimeteaching—abigweaknessatAmerica'sfamousuniversities.Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbled(暴跌)from17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.

TheOECDplanawaitsapprovalfromaneducationministers'meetinginJanuary.Thefirstrankingsareplannedby2023.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglobalmarket,butalsoasindicatorsofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwheretospendtheirtimeandmoney,andambitiousuniversitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.

ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidable.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenonecampus,toanother.ButOECDresearchersthinkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployersvalue,suchascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.

Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today'srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.Worstofall,rankingbyreputationallowsfamousplacestocoastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts."Wewillnotbereflectingauniversity'shistory,"saysMrSchleicher,"butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor"Afairquestion,evenifnoteverysinglestudent'sdestinyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.

8．TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto____.

A．a(chǎn)ssessprimaryandsecondaryeducationofeachschoolthatsubscribetotheservice

B．a(chǎn)ppraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformance

C．establishanewevaluationsystemforuniversities

D．setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation

9．TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfromtheestablishedrankingsin____.

A．thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaff

B．thatitssamplesarechosenrandomlybasedonstatisticalanalysisofmethod

C．thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiency

D．thatittakesopinionsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt

10．BythecaseofLondonSchoolofEconomies,theauthorwantstoshowthat____.

A．theOECD'sapproachisveryfair

B．theNobellaureate'sopinionisnotworthhearing

C．theBritishrankingspaymoreattentiontotheforeignstudents

D．differentassessmentmethodsmayleadtodifferentrankingresults

11．TheOECD'srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby____.

A．parentswhopayforthechildren'ssecondaryeducation

B．thefamouscolleges

C．thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutions

D．shoppersintheglobalmarket

【答案】8．C

9．C

10．D

11．C

【知識點】推理判斷題；細節(jié)理解題；說明文；學習教育類

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織(OECD)通過新的方式對大學進行排名，建立新的大學評價體系。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應的內(nèi)容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。

8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段"Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach."計算出學生和納稅人花在大學上的錢到底得到了什么是一件棘手的事情。現(xiàn)在，經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織（OECD），一個位于巴黎的富裕國家智囊團，正計劃通過首次對大學教學的成功程度進行國際比較，使這項任務變得容易一些；以及第二段中的"Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation."一旦有足夠多的大學參與其中，它可能會發(fā)布排行榜，顯示每個國家的排名，就像它現(xiàn)在對義務教育所做的那樣。可推知，OECD項目是為了建立新的大學評價體系。故選C。

9．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"‘Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,'explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD'sheadofeducationresearch."經(jīng)合組織教育研究主管安德烈亞斯·施萊歇爾解釋說:"我們不會想當然地認為，一所大學花的錢越多，它就越好，也不會使用其他衡量質(zhì)量的替代指標，我們會關注學習成果。"可知，OECD組織的評估方法與現(xiàn)有的排名不同在于OECD更加注重學習成果。故選C。

10．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbledfrom17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract."例如，在上周公布的英國排名中，雄心勃勃的倫敦政治經(jīng)濟學院(LondonSchoolofEconomics)從第17位跌至第59位，主要原因是它吸引的外國學生數(shù)量令人印象深刻，但與前幾年相比，它獲得的贊譽有所減少；以及"Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts."方法上的改變會帶來驚人的轉(zhuǎn)變。可推知，這個評級的方法和之前的評級有所不同，而這個例子可能就是要說明這個問題，即，不同的評估方法可能導致不同的排名結(jié)果。故選D。

11．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today'srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching."此外，施萊歇爾表示，這是一項值得做的工作。他認為，今天的排名并不能幫助政府評估他們給大學教育本科生的錢是否得到了回報。學生們忽略了二流的學校，而選擇了大牌學校，盡管那些不那么大牌的學?？赡芨瞄L教學；以及第二段中的"‘Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,'explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD'sheadofeducationresearch.(經(jīng)合組織教育研究主管安德烈亞斯·施萊歇爾解釋說:"我們不會想當然地認為，一所大學花的錢越多，它就越好，也不會使用其他衡量質(zhì)量的替代指標，我們會關注學習成果。"可推知，OECD的排名系統(tǒng)可能最受那些雄心勃勃的二流大學歡迎。故選C。

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀理解

Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody'sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(節(jié)奏)infemalemice.

Thebody'scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called"non-dippers",aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby"clockgenes")thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.

Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups"keptanapparentcircadianrhythm"ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.

TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage."Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,"theresearcherswrote.

12．Whatdoesthenewresearchfind

A．Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.

B．Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.

C．Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.

D．Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.

13．Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext

A．Helpingmalescureheartdisease.

B．Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.

C．Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.

D．Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.

14．ThelackofPRRI____.

A．hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemales

B．makesnodifferencetomales

C．doesharmtomale'shealth

D．ismorelikelytoaffectfemale'shealth

15．Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A．Oneclockgeneisimportant

B．Womenmaybenefitfrombodyclock

C．Newstudyanalysesbloodpressurerhythms

D．Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight

【答案】12．D

13．B

14．C

15．B

【知識點】細節(jié)理解題；說明文；科普類；文章大意

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了控制人體生物鐘的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物鐘。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關信息，就可以確定正確答案。

12．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody'sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease."新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害?？芍?，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，控制生物鐘的基因?qū)τ谀行院团缘淖饔檬遣煌?。故選D。

13．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thebody'scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday."人體晝夜節(jié)律的在24小時內(nèi)組織身體活動的生物鐘有助于一天中血壓和心臟功能的正常變化。可知，生物鐘有助于血壓和心臟功能正常變化。故選B。

14．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease."先前的研究表明，缺少四種生物鐘基因(PER1)中的一種的雄性老鼠變得不喜歡游泳，患心臟和腎臟疾病的風險更高；以及"Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight."與先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，沒有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之間血壓正常下降?？芍?，缺乏PRRI對男性健康有害。故選C。

15．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody'sbiological（circadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease."新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害?？芍?，生物鐘可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害；以及最后一段中的"Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage."研究表明，女性比同齡男性更不可能成為非杓型。可知，女性受到生物鐘的影響，心臟和腎臟疾病風險可能更低，"女性可能受益于生物鐘"適合做文章的標題，故選B。

二、任務型閱讀(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.16．.Herearesomepracticalandeffectivestepsyoucanfollow.

Remindyourselfwhyyouwrite.

Iwritebecauseit'samainaspectofwhoIam.Itsatisfiesmeinawaynothingelsedoes.AlthoughI'mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose.17．.AslongasIrememberwhyIwrite,Idon'tfeelenviousofothers.

Keepapositivecommentfile.

I'velongkeptablurb(簡介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI'maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.18．

19．

Youknowwhathappenswhenyoudon'tseepeoplepostingabouttheirwritingsuccessesallthetimeYouknownothingaboutthem.Andifyouknownothingaboutthem,youcan'tbeenviousofthem,canyouSosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.

Notfocusonwritingonly.

Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon'tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit'sfunandrelaxingDothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon'tfeelguiltyaboutit.20．

A.Cutdownonsocialmedia.

B.Paynoattentiontootherssuccesses.

C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedandrelieved.

D.AndIlookatthemwhenIneedanemotionalliftaswell.

E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward.

F.Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects

G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting.

【答案】16．F；17．E；18．C；19．A；20．G

【知識點】說明文；七選五；人生百味類

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了作家如何學會與嫉妒共存，并將其影響降至最低的一些建議。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。

16．根據(jù)空前"Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow."嫉妒是人類的一種自然情感，而我們作家卻經(jīng)常遭受嫉妒的折磨。但如果我們允許，我們的嫉妒會吞噬我們的內(nèi)心，把我們曾經(jīng)喜歡（寫）的東西變成我們現(xiàn)在討厭的東西。說明嫉妒對作家不利，F(xiàn).Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects"因此，我們?nèi)绾螌W會與之共存，并將其影響降至最低？"與上文構(gòu)成因果關系，因為嫉妒對作家不利，所以作家們要學會怎樣與之共存。故選F。

17．根據(jù)空前"AlthoughI'mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose."盡管我很樂意兌現(xiàn)出版商寄給我的任何支票，但這不是我的目的。說明的目的不是為了兌現(xiàn)支票，E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward."我寫作不是為了金錢上的回報，而是為了情感上的回報。"承接上文，說明寫作的目的不是為了錢而是情感。故選E。

18．根據(jù)空前"I'velongkeptablurb(簡介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI'maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia."我一直保存著一個簡介文件，里面列出了評論者對我工作的正面評價。當需要推廣我的作品時，我會使用這些簡介。當我需要提醒自己我是一個很好的作家時，我也會讀一遍。我把人們在社交媒體上對我作品的正面評價截屏。說明使用簡介來列出對其正面評價，以推廣作品，也用來提醒自己是個很好的作家。C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedandrelieved."使用簡介讓我感到滿足和寬慰。"承接上文，總結(jié)使用簡介使感到愉悅。故選C。

19．根據(jù)空后"Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse."因此，有時遠離社交媒體可能會幫助你減少嫉妒的機會。生活在真實而非虛擬的世界中會提醒你，你的寫作生涯是關于你自己的，而不是關于任何人的。建議作家要遠離社交媒體，減少嫉妒。A.Cutdownonsocialmedia."減少使用社交媒體。"概括了本段主題：遠離社交媒體。故選A。

20．根據(jù)空前"Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon'tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit'sfunandrelaxingDothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon'tfeelguiltyaboutit."你應該記住，你的生活中有比你的寫作事業(yè)更多的事情。希望你有愛你的朋友和家人。花點時間和他們在一起。你有什么與寫作無關的愛好嗎？你做這些僅僅是因為有趣和放松？這樣做一段時間。休息幾天，不要為此感到內(nèi)疚。建議作家要關注除寫作以外其他的事情，如為了好玩和放松，陪陪朋友和家人，做做其他愛好的事情。G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting."給自己的精神和情感充電反過來對你的寫作也有好處。"承接上文，說明為了樂趣和放松，要做一些與寫作無關的事情，因為有益于寫作。故選G。

三、完形填空(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)

（2023高一下·重慶市期末）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

IwrotemyfirstnovelwhenIwas22.Itwasamess.Ididn'tknowhowtoproperlyorganizedialoguesandstructureaplot(情節(jié)).Thosewereall21．.Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleftmeavoicemailinafewdayssayingthatitwas22．a(chǎn)ndthatIwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000.

23．,andratherquickly,thebookwas24．byeverypublisherinNewYork.IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.Iwas25．:ofcourse,butIknewbetterthantogiveup—writingwasn'taneasyjob,andifthisbookwasn'tmy26．in,maybethenextonewouldbe.Igotbacktowork.

Butthisscenario(劇情)happenedagain:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn't27．.Stillmyfather'sfaithinmeneverwavered(動搖),evenifIworkedahostofotherjobs.Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand28．tomywritinglife.Some,likesellingoverpricedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinsofarastheywerematerialforfuture29．.Andtheywere—becauseitfinally30．.Isoldabook!Iwasgoingtomakeitbig!

IcompletelyagreewiththemotivationspeakerandauthorJohnMaxwell'swords:"Successfulandunsuccessfulpeopledonotvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesbutintheir31．toreachtheirpotential."Life'snot32．.Itneverwas,itisn'tnow,anditwon'teverbe.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrapoffeelingyouarea(n)33．.Youarenot.Getoveritand34．withit.Andyes,mostthingsaremore35．whenyoubreakasweattogetthem.

21．A．factsB．messagesC．meaningsD．details

22．A．practicalB．complexC．wonderfulD．puzzling

23．A．ButB．InsteadC．ThereforeD．Regardless

24．A．rejectedB．a(chǎn)cceptedC．a(chǎn)busedD．commended

25．A．depressedB．a(chǎn)mazedC．frightenedD．pleased

26．A．cardB．ticketC．penD．bill

27．A．writeB．buyC．workD．sell

28．A．unearthedB．taughtC．ledD．contributed

29．A．livesB．decisionsC．storiesD．jobs

30．A．happenedB．failedC．madeD．passed

31．A．requestB．orderC．recommendationD．desire

32．A．sadB．a(chǎn)nxiousC．hardD．easy

33．A．a(chǎn)thleteB．loserC．ownerD．winner

34．A．makeupB．getalongC．giveoutD．passaway

35．A．challengeB．demandingC．rewardingD．paying

【答案】21．D；22．C；23．B；24．A；25．A；26．B；27．D；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．D；33．B；34．B；35．C

【知識點】故事閱讀類；記敘文

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了想成為一名作家，但他寫的書賣不出去，他沒有放棄，不斷努力，最終獲得了成功，成功賣出自己的書。

【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，連詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關