專題十三-構(gòu)詞法(詞類轉(zhuǎn)換)課件

專題十三-構(gòu)詞法(詞類轉(zhuǎn)換)ppt課件⊙怎么考

詞語(yǔ)的派生是語(yǔ)法填空題的必考點(diǎn)之一，考查考生在理解上下語(yǔ)境的基礎(chǔ)上，由所給詞派生出其他詞來(lái)。通常涉及形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；動(dòng)詞(或名詞)加后綴變成形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；動(dòng)詞加后綴變成名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；形容詞加后綴變成名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；動(dòng)詞加后綴變成“人”的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換；加否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴的轉(zhuǎn)換等?！言趺纯肌言趺磳W(xué)

在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，注意積累常用后綴及前綴的用法，同時(shí)積累常用詞的轉(zhuǎn)化?！言趺唇?/p>

首先要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看空格處要填的詞在句子中充當(dāng)什么成分；然后回顧思考充當(dāng)這一成分需要哪類詞，再看括號(hào)中所給詞是什么詞類，應(yīng)如何將其轉(zhuǎn)換成所需詞類?！言趺磳W(xué)Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境感悟根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，然后朗讀或背誦短文，體會(huì)各種前綴、后綴等派生詞的用法。Johnandhisfathernevermadean__1__(agree)ononething，sotheyoften__2__(approve)ofeachother，fortherewassomemisunderstandingbetweenthem.Onceona__3__(sun)day，Johnandhisparentswenttodinnerathisaunt's__4__(invite).Ontheir__5__(arrive)，Johndidn'tsay“hello”for__6__(fear).Whentheyleftafterdinner，Johnsaid“Bye-bye！”Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境感悟tohisauntinalowvoice.However，hisfatherdidn'thearit.HethoughtJohnwas__7__(polite)，and__8__(behave)himself，withoutsayinggoodbye.Fromthenon，John'sfathermadecomplaints__9__(continue)，andJohnwas__10__(friend)tohisfather，anddidn'tbackhim，whichmadehisfatherextremelyunhappy.Undoubtedly,itisunwiseofJohntodoso.Afterall，theyarefatherandson.Hisfathersenthimtoaclassofmannerstotohisauntinalowvoice.How__11__(rich)hisknowledgeofmanners，whichhisfatherbelievedwouldenablehimtobeagood-manneredboy.John'sfathersaidhewas__12__(anger)athisson's__13__(honest)，whichwould__14__(certain)endangerhisfuture.Hisfather's__15__(stop)nonsensecausedJohnmuchdiscomfort.Johnhadtogototheclass.Lateron，hedideverythingagainsthisfather'swill.__11__(rich)hisknowledgeof答案1.agreement

[動(dòng)詞加后綴變成名詞，作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。]2.disapproved

[加否定前綴，詞性不變，在句中作謂語(yǔ)。]3.sunny

[名詞加后綴變成形容詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)。]4.invitation

[動(dòng)詞加后綴變成名詞，作介詞賓語(yǔ)。]5.arrival

[動(dòng)詞加后綴變成名詞，作介詞賓語(yǔ)。]6.fear

[forfear由于害怕。]7.impolite

[形容詞加否定前綴，詞性不變，作表語(yǔ)。]8.misbehaved

[動(dòng)詞加否定前綴，詞性不變，作謂語(yǔ)。]答案9.continuously

[由動(dòng)詞變成形容詞，再加后綴變成副詞，常作狀語(yǔ)。]10.unfriendly

[名詞同時(shí)加前綴與后綴，變成其他詞性、詞義。]11.enrich

[形容詞加前綴，變成動(dòng)詞，作謂語(yǔ)。]12.angry

[名詞加后綴變成形容詞，作表語(yǔ)。]13.dishonesty

[名詞同時(shí)加前綴與后綴，派生其它詞性、詞義。]14.certainly

[形容詞加后綴變成副詞，作狀語(yǔ)等。]15.nonstop

[動(dòng)詞加否定前綴，詞性常不變化。]9.continuously[由動(dòng)詞變成形容詞，再加后綴變Ⅱ.考點(diǎn)確認(rèn)一、?？记熬Y1.表示否定或相反意義的前綴dis-，mis-，un-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，non-，anti-：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop2.形容詞變動(dòng)詞的前綴en-：able→enable；large→enlarge，rich→enrich3.其他inter-相互，over-超過(guò)；re-重新，ex-以前的，super-超，vice-副：interaction，overweight，reuse，ex-husband，supernatural，vice-chairmanⅡ.考點(diǎn)確認(rèn)二、?？己缶Y1.形容詞＋ly變成副詞：real→really，angry→angrily，possible→possibly2.動(dòng)詞或名詞變成形容詞的后綴-able，-ful，-ous，-y，-al，-ible，-ive，-ary：nature→natural，use→useful，continue→continuous，health→healthy3.動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴-al，-ance，-ence，-tion，-ssion，-ment，-ture，-y：arrive→arrival，appear→appearance，exist→existence，invite→invitation二、?？己缶Y4.形容詞變名詞的后綴-cy，-dom，-ence，-th，-age，-ty，-ity：fluent→fluence，wise→wisdom，silent→silence，grow→growth，safe→safety5.表示人的后綴-er，-or，-ist，-ee，-ess，-ese，-an，-ian，-ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employee，Chinese，American，musician，servant6.表示否定的后綴-less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless7.形容詞變動(dòng)詞的后綴-en，-fy：broad→broaden，class→classify8.名詞變動(dòng)詞的后綴-ize：apology→apologize4.形容詞變名詞的后綴-cy，-dom，-ence，-th，三、轉(zhuǎn)化法1.名詞→動(dòng)詞：backn.背→vt.支持，seatn.座→容納2.動(dòng)詞→名詞：walk→takeawalk，survey→makeasurvey3.形容詞→動(dòng)詞：slowadj.慢的→v.減慢三、轉(zhuǎn)化法四、合成法1.名詞＋名詞→名詞：classroom，teamwork，newspaper2.形容詞＋名詞→名詞：blackboard，highway3.副詞＋名詞→名詞：ov