上海高考英語語法復習10定語從句課件

定語從句英語語法復習十定語從句英語語法復習十1定語從句（形容詞性從句）在句中做____成分，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即_____。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。定語先行詞

定語從句（形容詞性從句）在句中做____成分，修飾一個名詞或2關(guān)系代詞：主語賓語定語指人指物who/that(whom/who/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whose/ofwhich關(guān)系副詞：where,when,why

準關(guān)系代詞：as,but,than關(guān)系代詞：主語賓語定語指人指物who/that(whom/w3限制性和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別Iwon’tforgettheplacewhereIwasborn.Iwon'tforgetShanghai,whereIwasborn.TheGreatWall,whichwasbuiltinancienttimes,isoneofthewondersintheworld.1）限制性定語從句是先行詞____去掉的部分，去掉它主句意思往往__明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的____，去掉了也____影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用_____分開。2）當先行詞是_______或__________的事物和人時，用非限制性定語從句。3）關(guān)系代詞that,than,but；關(guān)系副詞why，只用于________定語從句。不可不補充說明

不會專有名詞

世上獨一無二限制性逗號限制性和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別Iwon’tforget4關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句

1．that,which引導的定語從句Theylikethetrees____________theyplanted.Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou?Thisisthecoolestcellphone_____Ihaveeverseen.Thisistheverylaptop______Iamdyingfor.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons______theyremembered.Whoistheman_____istalkingtoJohn?Theflatin______shelivesisalargeone.(which/that)(that)(that)(that)(that)thatwhich關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1．that,which引導的定5*必須用that的情況1）先行詞是不定代詞，或被不定代詞修飾時。如：______________________________________________________________________________2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞，如：______________________，或形容詞高級修飾時。3）先行詞被___________________________修飾時。4）先行詞既指____又指____時。5）為了避免重復，主句中已有疑問詞___________時。6）當關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作______時。翻譯：中國已經(jīng)不是以前的中國了。_________________________________________something,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,any,all,theoneetc.first,last,next

theonly,thevery

人

物

which/who

表語

Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.*必須用that的情況1）先行詞是不定代詞，或被不定代詞修飾6*必須用which的情況在_________定語從句中。當關(guān)系代詞前有_____時。非限制性介詞*必須用which的情況在_________定語從句中。非限72．who,whom引導的定語從句Theman_________toldmethenewsrefusedtogivemehisname.Theman__________________youweretalkingabouthascometoinspectourschool.=Themanabout___________youweretalkinghascometoinspectourschool.Godhelpsthose_______helpthemselves.who/that(whom/who/that)

whom

who

2．who,whom引導的定語從句Theman___8Conclusionwho在從句中通常作________，也可作________；

whom在從句中作__________________。當先行詞為those/one/he時，指人通常用_______。主語賓語賓語或介詞賓語whoConclusionwho在從句中通常作______93．whose,ofwhich引導的定語從句

__________sidesThepath____________thesides thesides_____________arecoveredwithtreesextendstotheforest.whoseofwhich

ofwhich

3．whose,ofwhich引導的定語從句 _10關(guān)系代詞的省略1）在限制性定語從句中充當______________的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。2）當關(guān)系代詞充當介詞賓語時，若該介詞位于從句中相應(yīng)動詞___________，則可以省略；若該介詞位于關(guān)系代詞____________，則不可以省略。e.g.Theflat________________shelivesinisalargeone.Theflatin_________shelivesisalargeone.3）way后面引導定語從句的_________________可以省略。（注意：連詞在從句中充當方式狀語）e.g.That’stheway_______________________heansweredthequestion.

動詞賓語之后之前(that/which)whichthat/inwhich(inwhich/that)關(guān)系代詞的省略1）在限制性定語從句中充當__________11Today’sEventsDec.9DictationCheck動詞練習&一模卷Check關(guān)系代詞練習Learn關(guān)系副詞Today’sEventsDec.9Dictat12關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句Ishallneverforgettheday_______________mydaughterwasborn.Thecompany________________Iworkisnotfarfromhere.Theywereinadifficultsituation__________________alleffortswereinvain.

(白費)Wedon’tknowthereason__________________thedoctordidn’tcome.when/onwhich

where/inwhichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhich

關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句Ishallneverforge13Conclusion

when指代時間，在從句中作________________；where在從句中作______________，也可表示場合，情況或方面的名詞，如：____________________________________；why引導的定語從句常修飾reason，作_________。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換成________________形式。但在非限制性定語從句中，“_________________”結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。e.g.Theysetupastatefortheirown,_______theywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.時間狀語

地點狀語

case,condition,situation,point,position原因狀語介詞+which

介詞+which

whereConclusionwhen指代時間，在從句中作_____14判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞Thisisthemountainvillage___________Istayedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillage________________Ivisitedlastyear.I’llneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedtogetherwithyou.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______________Ispentinthecountryside.用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于

_____________________where

(which/that)

when

(which/that)

定語從句中所缺的成分

判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞Thisisthemountai15比較下列相似結(jié)構(gòu)的句子Isthisschool______________youvisitedtheotherday？Isthisschool______________youvisitedyouruncletheotherday？Isthistheschool________________youvisitedtheotherday？Isthistheschool________________youvisitedyouruncletheotherday？theone(that)

where

(that/which)

where比較下列相似結(jié)構(gòu)的句子Isthisschool____16介詞＋關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句判斷介詞是否用對的一個有效方法是：定語從句中____________＋___________＋____________是否通順，如果通順則說明介詞選對了。Thegirl_______whomyouworkishisgirlfriend.Thegoals______whichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.She’smarriedtoaphysician______whomyoumayhaveheard.Hehasgivenmesomereferencebooks________whichIamnotfamiliar.謂語動詞

介詞先行詞

with

for

of

with介詞＋關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句判斷介詞是否用對的一個有效方法是17熟悉一些短語，準確使用介詞如：withone’shelp→withwhosehelp，inone’shonor→inwhosehonor，inthiscase→inwhichcaseWeextendedourwarmwelcometothevisitingdelegation_______________honoragrandbanquetwasgiven.Hemaybelate,_______________caseweoughttowaitforhim.Helenalwayslendsherwarmhandtome,_______________helpIcansuccessfullypassalltheexaminations.inwhose

inwhichwithwhose熟悉一些短語，準確使用介詞如：withone’shelp18有些“動詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞被看成是不可分割的整體，介詞______（能/不能）移到關(guān)系代詞前。如：________________________________________________________翻譯：護士們正在照看的嬰兒非常健康。________________________________________________________lookafter,lookfor,putoff,giveup,takecareof,payattentionto,callon,putupwith不能Thebabies(whom/who)thenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.有些“動詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞被看成是不可分割的整體，介詞19名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞/形容詞最高級+介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句Shehaswrittenabook,thenameof___________hasbeenforgotten.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allof_____________areworkinghard.Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestof____________isAsia.

which

whom

which名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞/形容詞最高級+介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導定20as的用法1．引導限制性定語從句：as…as;such…as;so…as;thesame…as*區(qū)別1：（填寫連詞）I’veneverseensuchacleverboy___________heis.I’veneverseensuchacleverboy___________Iwon’tforgethim.Hereissobigastone____________nomancanliftit.Hereissobigastone____________nomancanlift.*區(qū)別2：（填寫連詞）Thisisthesamebag___________Ilostyesterday.和……一樣Thisisthesamebag___________Ilostyesterday.同一個包asthatthatasasthatas的用法1．引導限制性定語從句：as…as;such…a212．引導非限制性定語從句：（as和which的區(qū)別）Richardpassedallhisexaminations,__________pleasedhisparents.__________isexpected,theresultissatisfactory.=Theresult,___________isexpected,issatisfactory.=Theresultissatisfactory,____________isexpected.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,during____________timehelearnedFrench.Shewaslate,___________isoftenthecase.Itrainedhardyesterday,___________preventedmefromgoingtothepark.Thebridgeiswonderful,___________isshowninthepicture.whichAsasaswhichasaswhich2．引導非限制性定語從句：（as和which的區(qū)別）Rich221）位置不同：which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句__________，as引導的非限制性定語從句可位于主句__________，__________或__________。2）which表示“________________”，＝andthis/andthat;而as表示“______________”。as在非限制定語從句中不能指_______________先行詞。*as的一些固定搭配：

之后之前之后

之中

這件事，這一點

正如，就像

單個的aswe(all)know;asisknowntoall;asisoftenthecase;asissaid/mentionedabove;asoftenhappens1）位置不同：which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主23準關(guān)系代詞1．but在定語從句中通常作主語。相當于who…not,which…not,that…not。Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.=_______________________________________Thereisnoonebutknowsaboutthisaffair.=______________________________________________2．than作關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句，充當主語或賓語。than前面需要有比較級。Don’tgivehimmoremoney________isnecessary.Tosavemoney,hehastodomorework________isgoodforhishealth.Thereisnorulethathasnoexceptions.

Thereisnoonewhodoesn’tknowaboutthisaffair.

than

than準關(guān)系代詞1．but在定語從句中通常作主語。相當于who…n24定語從句中的主謂一致1.Heisoneofmyfriendswho_________workinghard.(be)Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho__________workinghard.(be)2.Thefootballteam,which

___________well,willcomeoutfirst.(play)Thefootballteam,who_________havingarest,willgiveaninterviewtothereporters.(be)are

is

plays

are定語從句中的主謂一致1.Heisoneofmyf25含有插入語的定語從句1.Jimisthenewcomer_______Ibelievehasgreatpotential.(who/whom)2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_____ofgreatimportancetoscience. A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.IthinkiswhoA含有插入語的定語從句1.Jimisthenewco26Translation這是我度過童年的地方。(spend)

Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichIspentmychildhood.我不喜歡你那樣地嘲笑我兒子。(way)

Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughatmyson.不出所料，我們隊贏得了這場比賽。(expect)

Ourteamwonthematch,aswasexpected.Translation這是我度過童年的地方。(spend)27