徐老師送給2010考研同學(xué)的禮物4

聲明：本資料由大家論壇考研論壇/forum-28-1.html收集整理，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出自Lesson13‘It’sonlyme’“是我，別害怕”一、【Text】課文Afterherhusbandhadgonetowork,MrsRichardssentherchildrentoschoolandwentupstairstoherbedroom.Shewastooexcitedtodoanyhouseworkthatmorning,forintheeveningshewouldbegoingtoafancydresspartywithherhusband.Sheintendedtodressupasaghostandasshehadmadehercostumethenightbefore,shewasimpatienttotryiton.Thoughthecostumeconsistedonlyofasheet,itwasveryeffective.Afterputtingiton,MrsRichardswentdownstairs.Shewantedtofindoutwhetheritwouldbecomfortabletowear.JustasMrsRichardswasenteringthedining-room,therewasaknockonthefrontdoor.Sheknewthatitmustbethebaker.Shehadtoddhimtocomestraightinifevershefailedtoopenthedoorandtoleavethebreadonthekitchentable.Notwantingtofrightenthepoorman,MrsRichardsquicklyhidinthesmallstore-roomunderthestairs.Sheheardthefrontdooropenandheavyfootstepsinthehall.Suddenlythedoorofthestore-roomwasopenedandamanentered.MrsRichardsrealizedthatitmustbethemanfromtheElectricityBoardwhohadcometoreadthemeter.Shetriedtoexplainthesituation,saying'It'sonlyme',butitwastoolate.Themanletoutacryandjumpedbackseveralpaces.WhenMrsRichardswalkedtowardshim,hefled,slammingthedoorbehindhim.

二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語

◆costume

n.化裝服◆consist

v.由...組成◆sheet

n.被單◆effective

adj.有明顯效果的，有作用的◆comfortable

adj.舒適的◆streroom

n.儲藏室◆electricity

n.電◆metren.電表◆pace

n.一步◆flee

v.逃走◆slam

v.砰地關(guān)上

◆costumen.化裝服costumeball化妝舞會costumepartyfancy(dress)partysuit西服，西裝dress裙子

◆consistv.由...組成consistof--由…組成（表示被動概念）==bemadeupof==comprise==becomposedof(強調(diào)由什么成分所構(gòu)成)Eg:Ourclassconsistof100students.TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofG.B.andNorthernIreland.Thehouseconsistsofsixrooms.becomposedof----Wateriscomposedofoxygenandhydrogen.constitutev.----由部分構(gòu)成整體Thecommitteeconsistsof10members.=Tenmembersconstitutethecommittee.

◆sheetn.被單◆effectiveadj.有明顯效果的，有作用的Thecostumeisquiteeffective.Hiswordswaseffective.influential:有潛移默化影響力的Whatourparentsdoisinfluentialtochildren.efficacious:（醫(yī)藥）有效的，靈驗的

Thedrugisefficacious.fruitful:有成效的Theirexperimentisfruitful.

◆comfortableadj.舒適的反義詞：uncomfortablecomfortn.舒適adj.安慰discomfortn.不舒適Inspiteofdiscomfortsheisdeterminedtostayhere.

◆streroomn.儲藏室◆electricityn.電◆metren.電表◆pacen.一步◆flee

(fled,fled)v.逃走flee:(vt.)(vi.)(總稱)泛泛強調(diào)逃離危險的境地Eg:Thepeoplefledinpanicwhenthebullgotloose.escape:逃出監(jiān)獄，逃出牢籠

vt.逃掉，逃出Eg:Hewasabletoescapefromthehouse.

Iamsorryyournameescapedme.很抱歉，我忘記你的名字了。Theytriedtoescapedeath.

◆slamv.砰地關(guān)上slamthedoor.同義詞：bang

三、【課文精析】

too…to…太…而不能不定式to,在大部分情況下，表示否定概念。not/nevertoo…to…：并不太…所以能夠Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，學(xué)到老Thequestionisnottoodifficultformetoanswer.如果在副詞too前發(fā)現(xiàn)修飾語all,butonly,不定式to的概念也是肯定的Eg:Theyarealltoosatisfiedtoworkwithyou.他們都非常滿意很想和你一起工作

Iamonlytoogladtohavesomeonetospeakto.我太高興了，很想找個人說話

Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他太急于要回家了。

intendedto=meanto:有什么打算，意圖

dressupas:化妝成為

thenightbefore:前一個晚上（以過去的某一個時間為基準(zhǔn)點）lastnight:昨天晚上（以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)點）Thenightbeforeshegoteverythinbgready.

Shewasimpatient(eager,anxious)totryiton.beimpatienttodosth:急于要做某事，迫不及待=eager,anxious,hungry,thirsty,despereat,can’twait(口)更焦急的情況用desperate(bedesperatetodosth),口語中用can'twait.(can'twaittodosth)

tryon:試穿

Afterputtingiton:穿上以后

動詞不定式towear,用來修飾說明comfortable,

作它的狀語

Thebookisdifficulttoread.

Thedressiseasytowash.

Yourhandwritingiseasytorecognize.itwouldbecomfortable(forher)towear.Itiseasyformetoread主動形式————表達(dá)被動概念Themusicissweettohear.Themachineneedsrepairing

“需要……”被動概念，用need,want和動名詞形式直接搭配Eg:Thedictionaryisworthbuying.Thebookisworthreading.ThehouseisunderconstructionThepumaisundercontrol.Theproblemisunderdiscussion.Thethiefisunderarrest.

介詞under可以表達(dá)被動的意味Eg:Theairportcameintouseagain.cameintouse:不及物動詞短語Ourtimehasalreadygonetowaste.（浪費掉，付諸東流）Sheisarespectableperson.(被尊敬的人)-able形容詞后綴，跟在動詞后表達(dá)“能夠被…的“Thisisareturmablebottle.“由…所組成”：consistof,comprise本身表達(dá)被動概念，結(jié)構(gòu)形式為主動。therewasaknockonthefrontdoor:人有敲門

comein:進(jìn)來

straight:直接地，徑直地

ifever---ever用語條件句，表示任何時候，任何場合==wheneverEg:IfeveryouseeGeorgegivehimmybestregards.

WheneverheisintroubleI'llbeonthespot.

Notwanting----分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)形式，做原因狀語。多用于句首，也可插入句中，主謂之間。Eg:Notwantingtomakehernervous,thedoctordidn’tfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.

=Thedoctor,notwantingtomakehernervous,didn’tfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.

readthemetre:查電表

saying---現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語

letoutacry大叫了一聲===utter/giveacry.letout發(fā)出==giveshout

高呼，高喊，有目的的shouttosb對某人高聲喊shoutatsb

對某人大喊大叫

Lesson14

Anoblegangster貴族歹徒一、【Text】課文TherewasatimewhentheownersofshopandbusinessesinChicagohadtopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinreturnfor'protection'.Ifthemoneywasnotpaidpromptly,thegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutofbusinessbydestroyinghisshop.Obtaining'protechonmoney'isnotamoderncrime.Aslongagoasthefourteenthcentury,anEnglishman,SirJohnHawkwood,madetheremarkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifeworkdestroyedbygangsters.Sixhundredyearsago,SirJohnHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabandofsoldiersandsettlednearFlorence.HesoonmadeanameforhimselfandcametobeknowntotheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.WhenevertheItaliancity-stateswereatwarwitheachother,Hawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstoprinceswhowerewillingtopaythehighpricehedemanded.Intimesofpeace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwoodandhismenwouldmarchintoacity-stateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,wouldoffertogoawayifprotectionmoneywaspaidtothem.Hawkwoodmadelargesumsofmoneyinthisway.Inspiteofthis,theItaliansregardedhimasasortofhero.Whenhediedattheageofeighty,theFlorentinesgavehimastatefuneralandhadapicturepaintedwhichwasdedicatedtothememoryof'themostvaliantsoldierandmostnotableleader,SignorGiovanniHaukodue'.

二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語

◆gangster

n.歹徒，強盜◆Chicago

n.芝加哥（美國城市）◆protection

n.保護(hù)◆promptly

adv.準(zhǔn)時地◆destroy

v.毀掉；消滅◆remarkable

adj.不尋常的◆band

n.幫，團(tuán)伙◆Florence

n.佛羅倫薩（意大利城市）◆city-state

n.（古代）城邦◆hire

v.租出，雇給◆prince

n.君主，諸侯◆Florentinen.佛羅倫薩人◆funeral

n.葬禮◆dedicate

v.奉獻(xiàn)，題獻(xiàn)給◆memory

n.紀(jì)念◆valiant

adj.英勇的

★gangstern.歹徒，強盜abandofgangsters一伙強盜robber

搶劫犯，搶劫者；bandit

強盜,土匪brigand

(書面用語)強盜，土匪，盜賊，草寇hooligan

流氓，不良分子hoodlum

(口語)罪犯，惡漢rascal

(口語)淘氣，搗蛋鬼

★Chicagon.芝加哥（美國城市）★protectionn.保護(hù)protectionmoney保護(hù)費protectv.protectfromWemustprotectoureyesfromthetectiveadj.保護(hù)的protectorn.保護(hù)者protegen.被保護(hù)者

★promptlyadv.準(zhǔn)時地Igivehimaringandhecallmebackpromptly.Hewassosleepythathewenttosleeppromptly.

ontime準(zhǔn)時/intime及時punctually

adv.守時地

★destroyv.毀掉；消滅destroy

強調(diào)毀滅，消滅，完全的摧毀Eg:Theearthquakedestroyedthecity./Youdestroyedhisdream.damage

強受損程度不很嚴(yán)重，可以被修復(fù)break

強調(diào)弄壞，弄斷Twoofthestringswerebroken.spoil

強調(diào)把事情攪和了Eg:spoiltheparty./spoiltheholiday

★remarkableadj.不尋常的remarkableadj.:unusual;uncomon;extraordinaryaremarkableevent不同尋常的事件anextraordinaryevent

outstandingadj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的Eg:Ourheadmasterisanoutstandingyouth.distinguishedadj.杰出的，卓越的，不同非凡的eminentadj.顯赫的，杰出的，有名的，優(yōu)良的Eg:adistinguishedphysicist;aneminentsurgeon;aneminentjudge;adistinguishedlawyer以上都可以用來修飾那些在嚴(yán)肅領(lǐng)域的人，比如科學(xué)，醫(yī)學(xué)等等well-knowadj.強調(diào)眾所周知的famousadj.

因卓越的貢獻(xiàn)和成績而流芳百世的Eg:Sheiswell-knowninthemusicalworld./Thisiswell-knownfact.

Heisafamousmoviestar./Luxunisfamousforhisarticles.notoriousadj.臭名昭著的，臭名遠(yuǎn)揚的；befamousforbadthingsinfarmousadj.聲名狼藉的(語氣較弱)rnowned

adj.某人或某事以其獨特的品質(zhì)、個性而聞名Eg:Hangzhouisrenownedforitsbeautiful...

★bandn.幫，團(tuán)伙abandofrobbers一伙強盜mobn.表示貶義色彩的團(tuán)伙、幫派

amobofhooligans一伙流氓gangn.一伙

agangofthievesnestn.窩；anestofbanditspackn.團(tuán)伙、幫派；apackofhoodlums

★Florencen.佛羅倫薩（意大利城市）★city-staten.（古代）城邦★hirev.租出，雇給hire;rent;let;employhireout;rentout租給Eg:Doesthisfirmhireoutcars?這家公司出租汽車嗎？rentout租給，雇給：主要強調(diào)出租房屋Eg:Herentouthishousetoatourist.let出租房屋:lethishouse/pleaseletyourhousetome。hirefrom/rentfrom租進(jìn)來Eg:Hehiredacarfromus./IrentaroomformMrs.Johnson.hire指短期雇傭體力勞動者employ指長期雇傭或聘請腦力勞動者Weemployedherasouradvisor.Thefactoryemployed500workers.Hehiredtwohelpers.他雇傭了兩個臨時幫手。

★princen.君主，諸侯★Florentinen.佛羅倫薩人★funeraln.葬禮★dedicatev.奉獻(xiàn)，題獻(xiàn)給dedicateto奉獻(xiàn)給……比devote更為正式而莊重Eg:Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohismother.Idevotemytimetohelpingmystudents.Hededicateshislifetohismotherland.Hededicatedhislifetoscience.

putsbofbusiness使某人失業(yè)putsb/sthoutof……使某人失去……Eg:Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.putitoutofyourmind忘記這件事情吧!=forgetit.

★valiantadj.英勇的braveadj.勇敢的Theboyisbrave.Duringwar,soldiersarevaliant.fearlessadj.大無畏的，無所畏懼的Wearefearlessintimeofdanger.courageousadj.有膽量的，有勇氣的

★memoryn.紀(jì)念Youhaveagoodmemory.inmemoryof/tothememoryofEg:ifmymemoryservesmewell,you’reTom.如果我沒記錯的話，你是Tom。

三、【課文精析】

paylargesumsofmoneytosb.向某人付大筆大筆的費用

inreturnfor目的是為了換取...作為對...的回報Eg:Hegavemesomebooksinreturnformyhelp.

when引導(dǎo)狀語從句修飾timeEg:Therewasatimewhenminiskirtwasinfashion.

promptly:innediately

putamanoutoutofbusiness:使某人失業(yè)putsb./sth.outof...使某人失去......Eg:Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.Youhavealreadyputeverythingoutoforder.

putitoutofyourmind忘記這件事情吧

Obtaining...obtaining:getting

aslongagoas追溯回到：datingbackto/datefromEg.:IknewJaneaslongagoastheyear1980.

Keysentence:

Johnhawkwood’sdiscoverywasquiteremarkable.maketheremarkablediscovery做出不同尋常的發(fā)現(xiàn)

wouldratherdosththandosth

寧愿而不Eg.:Hewouldratherdiethansurrender.Iwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.

==wouldprefertodo……thando==wouldpreferdoing……todoingEg.:Hewouldprefertodiethansurrender.

Hewouldpreferdyingtosurrendering.

wouldrather:

sooner+that從句(過去式)Eg:Iwouldratherthatyouwerenothere.我寧愿你不在這兒。Eg:IwouldratherthatIdidn'tseeyou.我寧愿沒見到你。lifework畢生的事業(yè)Eg.:Iwanttohavethetreecutdown.

Sixhundredyearsago...abandof……

一伙…………settlednearFlorence定居在Florence附近

makeanameforhimself===becomefamousEg.:Theysoonmadequiteanameforthemselvesaspopsingers.

cometo/getto

漸漸的cometobeknown漸漸的被人所熟知Eg.:Icometobeknowntomystudents.Igottoknowhim.

whenever無論什么時候

atwar交戰(zhàn)

atwarwith與……交戰(zhàn)

hire表示出租who指代princehedemanded:Hawkwooddemanded

intimesofpeace在和平期間intimesof……在……期間

marchinto大踏步行軍

wouldoffertodo===wouldpromisetodoburndown燒毀/burnup燒光/burnout燒空Eg.:thehousewasburnedoutonly...

inspiteofthis盡管如此

givesb.astatefuneral給某人舉行國葬

Lesson15

Fiftypenceworthoftrouble五十便士的麻煩一、【Text】課文Childrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.Father,ofcourse,providesaregularsupplyofpocket-money,butunclesandauntsarealwaysasourceofextraincome.Withsomechildren,smallsumsgoalongway.Ifsixpencesarenotexchangedforsweets,theyrattleformonthsinsidemoney-boxes.Onlyverythriftychildrenmanagetofillupamoney-box.Formostofthem,sixpenceisasmallpricetopayforasatisfyingbarofchocolate.Mynephew,George,hasamoney-boxbutitisalwaysempty.VeryfewofthesixpencesIhavegivenhimhavefoundtheirwaythere.Igavehimsixpenceyesterdayandadvisedhimtosaveit.Instead,heboughthimselfsixpenceworthoftrouble.Onhiswaytothesweetshop,hedroppedhissixpenceanditrolledalongthepavementandthendisappeareddownadrain.Georgetookoffhisjacket,rolleduphissleevesandpushedhisrightarmthroughthedraincover.Hecouldnotfindhissixpenceanywhere,andwhatismore,hecouldnotgethisarmout.Acrowdofpeoplegatheredroundhimandaladyrubbedhisarmwithsoapandbutter,butGeorgewasfirmlystuck.Thefire-brigadewascalledandtwofiremenfreedGeorgeusingaspecialtypeofgrease.Georgewasnottooupsetbyhisexperiencebecausetheladywhoownsthesweetshopheardabouthistroublesandrewardedhimwithalargeboxofchocolates.

二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語

◆appreciate

v.欣賞，感激◆pocketmoney

零用錢◆rattle

v.格格作響◆thrifty

adj.節(jié)儉的◆nephew

n.侄子，外甥◆bouncev.彈起，跳起◆pavement

n.人行道◆stick(stuck,stuck)v.卡住，夾住，不能再動◆brigade

n.旅，（消防）隊◆grease

n.潤滑油

◆appreciatev.欣賞，感激Eg.:Thepoemistoodifficultformetoappreciate.Iappreciateyourhelp.=bethankful/gratefultosb.

◆pocketmoney零用錢beermoney:留給丈夫的零花錢madmoney:婦子留作應(yīng)急之用的私房錢greenmoney:美金soft/foldingmoney:紙幣，鈔票hardmoney:硬幣

◆rattlev.格格作響◆thriftyadj.節(jié)儉的同義詞：economical

◆nephewn.侄子，外甥◆bouncev.彈起，跳起Thecoinwasbounced.同義詞：jump(跳躍)，leap(躍)，hop(單足跳)，spring(彈跳；n.彈簧)，skip(跳躍；略過)

◆pavementn.人行道◆stick(stuck,stuck)v.卡住，夾住，不能再動stick:不能跳躍，卡住；堅持，粘貼Eg.:Youmuststicktoyouridea.Stickthestampontheenvelop.stickwith:忠實于......（=befaithfulto）Hisarmwasstuck.他的胳膊被卡住了。

◆brigaden.旅，（消防）隊firebrigade:消防隊=firedepartment=firestation

◆greasen.潤滑油

三、【課文精析】

Keysentence:

Childrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.孩子們總是喜歡得到些零花錢。Keysentence:

Husbandsalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofbeermoney.

providearegularsupplyof…定期地提供……providesth.forsb./providesb.withsth.為某人提供某物品

asourceofextraincomesmallgiftsofmoneypocketmoneyextraincome

goalongway可以買很多東西，維持很久Eg:Themoneywehavewillgoalongway.goalongwaytowards:對……大有幫助Eg:Thiswillgoalongwaytowardsovercomingthedifficulty.

Withfrugalhousewives,theymadetheirsmallincomegoalongway.介詞With和For的區(qū)別：“對于……來說”介詞for----“關(guān)于，對于……來說，考慮到……的事實”Eg.:TheweatherisquitewarmforNovember.Forhim,thiswillbeanentirelynewhobby.介詞with----“在某一方面”（多用于二者的比較）Eg.:Withsomepeople,pleasureismoreimportantthanwork.Somepeoplemayacceptthatexcuse,butitwon’tworkwithme.

pence:便士（penny便士的復(fù)數(shù)；pennies）

afiftypence:一個五十便士的硬幣

afiftypenies:五十個一便士的硬幣

rattle:叮當(dāng)作響==tinkleroar:呼嘯（重點突出老虎、獅子等大動物的鳴叫聲）shoutat:大喊大叫=barkatheisgrunting.咕噥的，哼哼唧唧的slam:砰的一聲

fillup:裝滿1．up----表示方向

to----目的地、說話者所在處

upto----表示到達(dá)目的地

towards----表示朝某個方向2．表示沿著，走向更遠(yuǎn)的地方，側(cè)重強調(diào)距離更遠(yuǎn)了

Theywalkedupthestreet.

Thechildrenrunupthegardenpathtogreettheirfather.3.系列動詞+up----表示消費，摧毀，徹底，光，用完

Drinkupyourwhisky.

Eatupyourvegetable.

Finishitup.

burnup

useup用光4．表示積存，從少到多，積少成多Wemustlayupsomeboiledfoodforthewinter.=storeup,holdup,gatherup5．表示從河的上游到下游，河流入口處以上到源頭的某一點

TheyaresailinguptheThames.

Thehouseisuptheriver.6．動詞+up----表示包起來、封住、蓋住buttonup扣上鈕扣wrapup包裹起來lockup鎖上lockthehouseupfastenup栓起來saveup賺錢washup洗碗盆doup包扎，包裝，系好

fiftypenceisasmallprice=fiftypenceisnotmuch:裝滿fiftypenceisnotmuchtopay

asmallprice=notmuchmoney:并不是很多

Forhim,twothousanddollarsisasmallpricetopayforit.Forme,fivehaudredyuanisnotasmallpricetopayforabicycle.

findtheirwaythere=reach抵達(dá)，到達(dá)，找到自己的去處

Riversfindtheirwaytothesea.

Howdidsuchafoolishstatementfinditswayintoprint.這樣愚蠢的話怎么會印出來呢。

Allmybookshavealreadyfoundtheirwaythere.

advise:建議advisesb.todosth.:說服某人做某事（失敗的結(jié)果）persuadesb.todosth.:說服某人做某事（成功的結(jié)果）

instead：相反的是

fiftypenceworthoftrouble:五十便士的麻煩

系列的動詞構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)：takeoff,rolledup,pushrollvi.滾動；vt.滾動

vi.

Thepencilrolledunderthetable.

vt.

Herolledtheballtowardsthepuppy.rollup:卷起，挽起

Wewillneedtorollupthecarpet.

what引導(dǎo)的插入語

whatismoreimportant更重要的是

whatisworse更糟糕的是

whatismore甚者

whatisrare更罕見的是Eg.:Hewenttothemeeting,andwhatwasworse,insistonspeaking.

gatherround聚在周圍

rubbedhisarmwithsth....用......涂抹

firmly:堅定的，穩(wěn)固的（加強語氣）

using----現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，強調(diào)一種方式

reward...with:用...來獎賞某人

Lesson16

Maryhadalittlelamb瑪麗有一頭小羔羊一、【Text】課文MaryandherhusbandDimitrilivedinthetinyvillageofPerachorainsouthernGreece.OneofMary'sprizepossessionswasalittlewhitelambwhichherhusbandhadgivenher.Shekeptittiedtoatreeinafieldduringthedayandwenttofetchiteveryevening.Oneevening,however,thelambwasmissing.Theropehadbeencut,soitwasobviousthatthelambhadbeenstolen.WhenDimitricameinfromthefields,Hiswifetoldhimwhathadhappened.Dimitriatoncesetouttofindthethief.Heknewitwouldnotprovedifficultinsuchasmallvillage.Aftertellingseveralofhisfriendsaboutthetheft,Dimitrifoundoutthathisneighbour,Aleko,hadsuddenlyacquiredanewlamb.DimitriimmediatelywenttoAleko'shouseandangrilyaccusedhimofstealingthelamb.Hetoldhimhehadbetterreturnitorhewouldcallthepolice.AlekodeniedtakingitandledDimitriintohisback-yard.Itwastruethathehadjustboughtalamb,heexplained,buthislambwasblack.Ashamedofhavingactedsorashly,DimitriapologizedtoAlekoforhavingaccusedhim.WhiletheyweretalkingitbegantorainandDimitristayedinAleko'shouseuntiltherainstopped.Whenhewentoutsidehalfanhourlater,hewasastonishedtofindthatthelittleblacklambwasalmostwhite.Itswool,whichhadbeendyedblack,hadbeenwashedcleanbytherain!

二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語

◆prize

adj.珍貴的，寶貴的◆tie

v.拴，系◆theft

n.偷盜案◆accuse

v.指控◆deny

v.否認(rèn)◆ashamed

adj.感到羞恥，慚愧◆apologize