UnitEarthquakes《悅讀教材》高一英語人教版

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精Unit4Earthquakes（一）Earthquakes地震Earthquakes,alsocalledtemblors，canbesotremendouslydestructive.It’shardtoimaginetheyoccurbythethousandseverydayaroundtheworld,usuallyintheformofsmalltremors.地震的另一個表達是＂temblors＂，是有可能造成極大破壞的災難.世界上各個角落每天都在發(fā)生著數(shù)以千計的小型地震。Some80percentofalltheplanet’searthquakesoccuralongtherimofthePacificOcean，calledthe＂RingofFire＂becauseofthepreponderanceofvolcanicactivitythereaswell。Mostearthquakesoccuratfaultzones,wheretectonicplates-giantrockslabsthatmakeuptheEarth’supperlayer—collideorslideagainsteachother.Theseimpactsareusuallygradualandunnoticeableonthesurface;however,immensestresscanbuildupbetweenplates。Whenthisstressisreleasedquickly,itsendsmassivevibrations,calledseismicwaves,oftenhundredsofmilesthroughtherockanduptothesurface.Otherquakescanoccurfarfromfaultszoneswhenplatesarestretchedorsqueezed.世界上80%左右的地震和火山發(fā)生在太平洋沿岸,因為此地區(qū)火山爆發(fā)很多，所有又叫環(huán)太平洋火山地震帶。大多數(shù)地震發(fā)生在斷裂帶——也就是大陸板塊(組成地球表面的巨大土石塊)的交界處，當兩塊板塊移動、相撞的時候就會引發(fā)地震或火山爆發(fā)。盡管這些影響通常很緩慢也不明顯，我們感覺不到。但是板塊移動、相撞的能量會不斷積聚，當能量劇增的時候，就會釋放出大量震波，這種震波會通過巖石從數(shù)百英里深傳達到地表。這種波叫做地震波。而不發(fā)生在斷裂帶上的地震是由板塊擴張或壓縮所引起的。Scientistsassignamagnituderatingtoearthquakesbasedonthestrengthanddurationoftheirseismicwaves.Aquakemeasuring3to5isconsideredminororlight；5to7ismoderatetostrong；7to8ismajor；and8ormoreisgreat.根據地震的強度和地震波的輻射范圍,科學家把地震分成不同的級別：3-5級是有感地震，5-7級是中強震,7-8級被定義為強震，8級以上就是特大地震了。Onaverage，amagnitude8quakestrikessomewhereeveryyearandsome10，000peopledieinearthquakesannually.Collapsingbuildingsclaimbyfarthemajorityoflives,butthedestructionisoftencompoundedbymudslides,fires,floods,ortsunamis。Smallertemblorsthatusuallyoccurinthedaysfollowingalargeearthquakecancomplicaterescueeffortsandcausefurtherdeathsanddestruction。一般來說，每年都會發(fā)生一次八級地震，而每年因地震死亡的人數(shù)也會在1萬人左右。地震引起的房屋倒塌通常造成了絕大多數(shù)的傷亡,而地震帶來的危害還包括由此引發(fā)的泥石流、火災、洪災和海嘯。在一次大地震過后的數(shù)日里總是會發(fā)生一些規(guī)模稍小的余震,余震會加大救援難度，會造成更多傷亡和損失.Lossoflifecanbeavoidedthroughemergencyplanning,education，andtheconstructionofbuildingsthatswayratherthanbreakunderthestressofanearthquake。想要減少地震傷亡,一方面可以通過實施緊急預案和地震知識普及教育，另一方面要提高房屋的抗震系數(shù)：因為抗震系數(shù)搞的建筑物可以在地震來襲之時搖而不倒。（二）WhenTheEarthQuakes當?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時OnthenightofAugust17，1959,atabout20minutesbeforemidnight，thegroundinthevicinityofYellowstoneNationalParkbeganshakingviolently.Atthetimetherewasarumblingsound，somethinglikeahugetruckwouldmake。Boththeheavingofthegroundandthenoisewereveryfrighteningbutlastednotquite45seconds。1959年8月17日的晚上，大約午夜前20分鐘，黃石國家公園附近大地開始猛烈晃動。同時,大地轟鳴,就像重型卡車發(fā)出的轟響一樣。地面的起伏和轟響都十分可怕,但是這一切總共不超過45秒。Whatwasevenmorefrighteningwasthesoundofhugeboulderswhichbeganrollingdownthesteepmountain。InonepartoftheupperreachesoftheMadisonRiver，awholemountainbeganshifting，thencamecrashingdowntofillthedeepvalleyanddamthegreatriverwithmillionsoftonsofrocksandtrees.更可怕的是巨石開始從陡峭的山上滾下來的聲音.在麥迪生河上游的一條支流處，一整座山動了起來，之后，它崩塌下來,填平了深深的山谷,上百萬噸的巖石和大樹如大壩般堵住了這條大河。Adozenormorecampersalongtheriverwereburieddeepbeneaththegreatlandslide.Otherswereabletoclimbtosafety,someofthembadlyhurt，butweretrappedbytheslide.Finallythesepeopleweresaved,manyofthembyhelicopter.十幾個或許更多沿河露營的人被深埋在這次大滑坡下面.幸存的野營者爬到了安全的地方,其中一些人傷得很重，但是他們仍然不時陷入滑坡.最后這些人都獲救了，其中很多人被直升飛機救走了。ThisearthquakenearYellowstoneParkwasjustoneofnearlyamillionthathappeneveryyearallovertheworld.Andasbadasthisquakewas,manyhavebeenworse.這場在黃石公園附近發(fā)生的地震僅僅是每年全世界發(fā)生的上百萬次地震中的一次。若就地震災害結果而論,有許多地震比這次地震更嚴重。EarthquakeexpertssaythattheYellowstonequakeof1959wasaboutasbadastheonewhichhitSanFranciscoin1906.ButtheSanFranciscoquakecausedmoredamagebecauseitstruckinaplacewherethereweresomanypeopleliving。InSanFrancisco700personlosttheirlives.地震專家說，1959年的黃石地震和1906年發(fā)生在舊金山的地震差不多大.但是舊金山地震造成的破壞更多,因為它發(fā)生在人口密集地方。在舊金山約700人喪失生命。AnearthquakeinJapanin1923took160，000lives。InChinain1920anearthquaketook200,000lives.Itiseasytounderstandwhyearthquakearesofeared.1923年發(fā)生在日本的地震奪走了16萬人的生命.1920年發(fā)生在中國的一場大地震造成20萬人死亡。因此，很容易理解人們?yōu)槭裁捶浅？謶值卣稹hatcausestheseterribleshakesoftheverygroundonwhichwelive？是什么原因造成我們生活的這塊土地發(fā)生可怕的晃動？Toanswerthatquestionwemustfirstunderstandsomethingsabouttheearthitself.要回答這個問題,我們必須首先要了解關于地球自身的一些情況。Fortymilesdeepintheearthistheedgeoftheoutercrustoftheearth，andthereitissohotthatinsteadofhardrockthereismaterialmuchlikethehotlavathatavolcanoerupts。地表下40英里深處是地球外殼的邊緣.這里溫度非常高，如同火山噴出的巖漿般的物質代替了堅硬的巖石。Itistheearth’s40miledeepcrustwithwhichweareconcernedwhenweseekthecauseofearthquake。我們要尋求地震的起因，這40英里厚的地殼恰恰是我們應該關心的地帶。Theearth’scrustisformedofmanydifferentlayersofrocks。Thelayersofrocksarenotlaidevenly，asabricklayerwouldbuildawall.Instead,theearth’scrustismadeofrocklayersthatareoftenunevenandnotperfectlybalanced。地殼由很多不同巖石層構成，而巖層并不像建筑工人建的墻一樣均勻、平整地鋪開,相對地,由巖層構成的地殼也往往是厚薄不均，且不是完美平整的。Becauseofthegreatweightpressingdownonthem，theselayerstendtofolddownwardatweakspots，andthisfinallycausesanactualbreakinthecrust.Whenthisbreakoccurs，orwhenthesidesofanoldbreakslip，theearthquakes，orshakes,whilethecrustissettlingintoanewposition。由于巨大重量向下壓巖層，使它趨于在它的薄弱處往下折壓,這最終會使地殼里的某處斷裂。當斷裂發(fā)生時或者舊的斷裂塊滑動時，土地會震動、搖動，以使地殼進到—個新的位置。Sometimethesefaultsareverysmall,andwethenfeelonlylittletremor。Thetremormayevenbesolightthatonlythemostdelicatemachinewillrecordit.Mostearthquakesareofthisweakkind。Sometimesabreakintheearth’scrustcomesabout,whichstartssuchalandslideasthatwhichoccurredinMadisonCanyon。有些時候這些斷裂非常小，我們僅僅能感到微小的顫動。這種顫動甚至輕微到最精密的儀器才可能記錄到它們.大多數(shù)地震屬于這種類型的微震。有時候地殼發(fā)生一個斷裂,也會引起如同在麥迪生峽谷發(fā)生的大滑坡。Itthentakesnotone，butmanyshakesfortheearthtohealthefaultandsettle.Thatiswhymanyafter—shocksfollowamajorearthquake。Sometimesthesegoonforseveralyears.這種大地震往往不是一次，而是很多次的移動,使地球去修補裂縫和調整（巖層的)姿態(tài)。這就是為什么—個大地震之后會有很多余震。有時余震會持續(xù)好幾年.Somepartsoftheeartharemorelikelytohavequakesthanothers.Thisisusuallytrueofmountainouscountry，becausetherethelayersofrockswhichmakeuptheearth’scrustarenotatalleven。Butquakesmayoftenbefeltinlevelcountry，too,becausethewaveswhichcomefromthecenterofaquakerunoftenforthousandsofmiles。地球的某些部分比其他部分更容易發(fā)生地震，位于山區(qū)的國家通常都是這樣.這是因為山區(qū)里構成地殼的巖層厚薄非常不均.但是，位于平原的國家也會經常感覺到地震,因為從震源發(fā)出的地震波往往可以傳出數(shù)千英里遠。Itiseasytounderstandwhymanissofrightenedbyanearthquake.Peopleusedtothinkthatwhentherewasanearthquake，thegroundopened，swallowedgreatnumbersofpeople，thenclosed,leavingnotraceofthosewhoperished.Weknownowthisdoesnothappen。很容易理解為什么人特別害怕地震。人們過去認為，當某個地方發(fā)生了地震，大地會裂開，吃掉很多人，然后合上，這樣就死不見尸了?，F(xiàn)在我們知道不是這樣的。Whatweneedtofearmostaretheafter-effectsofabadearthquake：fires,flood，andlandslides.實際上我們更需要擔心的是一次大地震的震后影響：火災、洪水和滑坡。SincetheYellowstoneearthquakesomepeoplehavesaidthattheywouldnevergotothatareaforfearofbeingcaughtinalandslidesuchasoccurredaftertheearthquake.Thatisfoolish.Suchafearwouldkeepusfrommountainstherestofourlives。自從黃石地震后，一些人說,他們因為害怕被發(fā)生在地震后的滑坡傷害，他們再也不會去黃石公園了.這是愚蠢的。這種恐懼將使我們在余生里終生遠離大山。Eventhoughearthquakeshappeneveryday,anoccurrenceliketheMadisonRiverlandslidedoesnothappenveryoften.Wecanrealizegratefullythatfewofuswillsufferbecauseofsuchdisaster.Atthesametimewecanunderstandtheneedofbeingreadytohelpthosewhodosuffersuchtrouble。盡管地震每天都在發(fā)生，像麥迪生河大滑坡一樣的事件卻不是經常會發(fā)生的。我們能夠清楚地意識到,我們中只有極少數(shù)任可能受到地震災害的傷害。同時，我們也明白了要準備好幫助災區(qū)人民。(三)慘痛的記憶:中國歷史上的大地震1556：Shaanxi，China1556年，中國明代陜西大地震Thedeadliestquakeofalltimemightbeoneoftheleasttalkedabout,consideringitoccurrednearly450yearsago。The1556quakeclaimedthelivesofsome830,000people。Whythemassivedeathtoll?Blamethequake’sstrength(8.0ontheRichterscale,ormorethan30timesmorepowerfulthanthequakeinHaiti）aswellastimingandlocation。Thepre—modernstructureswereutterlyunabletowithstandaquakeofsuchforce，andmassivelandslidescontributedtothecasualties.這場歷史上最可怕的地震也許是最少被談及的一場地震,因為它發(fā)生在約450年前。1556年陜西地震導致約83萬人死亡。為何死亡人數(shù)如此多?這是因為其震級(里氏8.0級，比海地地震強30多倍)，還有時間和地點。古代的房屋建筑完全不能抵擋這樣的大地震，大量山體滑坡也導致不少人遇難。1976:Tangshan，China1976年，中國唐山大地震Chinahasthemisfortunetohavehadtheseconddeadliestearthquakeonrecord,the1976GreatTangshanEarthquake，whichstruckinthecountry’snortheast。It’dbemoreaccuratetocallthisabinaryquake：anaftershockthatstruck16hoursaftertheinitialtemblormeasuredanidentical7。8ontheRichterscaleandwasequallydestructive。1976年的唐山大地震是中國有記錄以來的第二大強度的地震,唐山大地震發(fā)生在中國的東北地區(qū).確切來說這是兩次大地震：地震后16小時，里氏7.8級的余震又造成了巨大損失.1920:Haiyuan,China1920年中國寧夏海原地震TheDec。16,1920Haiyuanearthquake-whichregistereda7。8magnitudeontheRichterscale-causedriverstochangecourseandsentlandslidespouringdownmountains。DestructionstretchedacrosssevenChineseprovinces。Sujiahe,atownininXijiCounty,wascompletelyburiedunderalandslide.Anestimated200,000peoplediedinthedisaster,whichwasfeltasfarawayasNorway。1920年12月16日寧夏海原發(fā)生的里氏7。8級大地震使得河流改道，并導致山體滑坡。七個省份同時受災。西吉縣蘇家河鎮(zhèn)在一次山體滑坡中整體被埋。據統(tǒng)計，有二十萬人死于此次地震，挪威都有震感。2008：SichuanProvince，China2008年中國四川大地震The7.9-magnitudedisasterstruckthemountainousSichuanProvinceinwesternChina，destroyingmillionsofbuildingsandcausinganestimated86billionworthofdamage.Nearly10,000childrendiedinschools—trappedunderrubblewhenthebuildingscollapsed.這場發(fā)生7.9級的大地震發(fā)生在中國西部的四川,造成數(shù)百萬幢房屋倒塌，造成約860億美元的損失。幾乎有一萬名兒童死在倒塌的教學樓的碎礫下.（四)Howcanyouprotectyourselfinanearthquake當?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時，你該如何應對？●Whenwalkingoutside行走在戶外時Takecautionagainstfallingobjects,suchassignsandbrokenwindows。Toolsandconstructionmaterialscanfalldownataconstructionsite.Protectyourheadwithyourbagorcoatandkeepatadistancefromtallbuildings.Stonewallsandpillarscanalsofalldownandarepotentiallydangerous.當心墜落的物體，例廣告牌和破碎的窗戶.建筑工地上建筑工具和材料都有可能會跌落下來。用包或大衣護住自己的頭部，遠離高層建筑。石頭墻和柱子也可能會倒塌，存在安全隱患?！馱hendrivingacar駕駛車輛時Firmlyholdthesteeringwheel,graduallyreducespeed，parkyourcaronthesideoftheroad，andstoptheengine。Listentoinformationontheradioandfindoutwhatishappening。Ifyouneedtoevacuate,leaveyourkeys,keepthedoorsunlocked,andwalkawaywithyourcardocumentsandvaluables.握穩(wěn)方向盤，逐漸減速,然后把車停到路邊,關掉引擎。收聽廣播信息,了解目前狀況。如果需要撤離，應將車鑰匙留下，不鎖車門，并隨身攜帶好車輛證件和貴重物品.●Whenundergroundorinasubway在地下或乘地鐵時Theshakingyoufeelwhenyouareundergroundisabouthalfofwhatyouwouldexperienceoverground。Additionally,undergroundareashavestrongstructuresandaresaferthanhigh-risebuildings.Calmlyevacuate,followinginstructionsfromshopclerksandsubwaystaff.地下感受到的震動大約只有地上的一半.另外，地下建筑通常比高層建筑更堅固、安全。應按照店員和地鐵工作人員的指示，沉著冷靜地撤離?！馱heninhigh—risebuilding在高層建筑時Elevatorswithearthquakesensorswillstopatthenearestfloor。Immediatelyleavetheelevator.Ifyougetstuckintheelevator，usetheintercomtocontactsomeoneoutsideandwaitforrescue.Whenyouevacuatefrombuildings，neveruseelevators，listentoannouncements,andusethestairstoleavethebuilding.裝有地震感應器的電梯會?？吭谧罱臉菍樱藭r應迅速地離開電梯.如果被困在電梯里，應用其通話裝置和外部聯(lián)系，然后等待救援.從樓房撤離時，不要使用電梯,而應聽廣播，使用樓梯離開大樓?！馱henneartheocean在海邊時Headforhighergroundandcarefullylistentotsunamiinformation.Donotgoneartheoceanuntiltsunamiwarningshavebeencleared。Don’teventhinkaboutgoingtowatchtsunamis！立即向高處轉移，同時收聽海嘯信息。在海嘯警報解除之前，不要靠近海邊，更不要有觀看海嘯的荒謬想法.高考試題一體裁題材詞數(shù)難度建議時間說明文避免溫室效應的新方法698★★★★☆9分鐘(2017·江蘇,閱讀理解D)OldProblem,NewApproaches Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife，globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放）peak。Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday，wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange。HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation。 Whenitcomestoadaptation，itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess。Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions。Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat：＂Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation。＂Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost. Aroundtheworld，peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways，especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades。MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster。Hisnot—for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries，schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（連體）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways。Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel：hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondspreventstarvationduringthewetseason。ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken。ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan。Thelossofglaciers（冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture。Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops。Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded。Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉）water。Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves，Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater。Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess，soNorphel'sicereserveswillnotlastforever。Warmingwillovertakethem。Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill，perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth'sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet。InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally，andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly，temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased。Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite，citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess。InPeru，localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife—givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear。ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsof＂100ideastosavetheplanet＂。Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria。Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping。Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops。Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis-eitherbygrowingnewproduce，orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently。Thisiscommonsense。Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot。Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt，it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways。Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall，ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers。65。TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies____________。A.adaptationisanever-changingprocessB。thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC。globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsD.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject？A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport。B。Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother。C。Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation。D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming？A。Storingiceforfutureuse.B。Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting。C.Changingtheirrigationtime.D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.68。WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings。B。Theglobalwarmingtreadcannotbestopped.C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.69.Accordingtotheauthor，pollutingindustriesshould____________.A。adapttocarbonpollutionB。planthighlyprofitablecropsC。leavecarbonemissionalone D.fightagainstcarbonpollution70.What’stheauthor'spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming？A.Settingupanewstandard。B。Reducingcarbonemission.C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries?！敬鸢浮俊菊Z篇解讀】文章關注的是我們熟悉的話題-—氣候變暖，不同的是，文章給出了一些應對氣候變暖的新途徑.65.A【解析】詞義猜測題.one—sizefitall意為＂通用的，萬全之策＂，句意：不存在通用的適應性方法。下句Nevertheless表轉折,再根據＂therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost＂可知，沒有放之四海而皆準的方法，即適應是需要根據情況不斷作出調整，而非一成不變的.67.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據第四段中的＂Norphel’sinspirationcomefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter，whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze，andwasstoreduntilthespring。＂可知，把冰川融化后的水儲存起來以備不時之需，是減少氣候變暖危害的方法之一。68。D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數(shù)第四段中的＂Bypaintingbuildingswhite，citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.＂和倒數(shù)第三段中的＂paintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice＂可知,將墻壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理,這樣可以緩解氣候變暖。70。B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中的＂Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.＂可知，作者認為，最合理的方法仍然是減少二氧化碳的排放。高考試題二體裁題材詞數(shù)難度建議時間議論文超能力242★★☆☆☆6分鐘(2016·四川,閱讀理解D)Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpower，whatwoulditbe？Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds，seethroughwalls，orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourwork，weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld。Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess：thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports，makingfriends，seekingafteryourdreams。Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore。Volunteeror，ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander。Getinvolved。Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives。Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead。24.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A。Yourlifestyle. B.Yourlifevalue。C.Yourtroubleinlife. D.Yourlifeexperience。25.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday？A。Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers。B。Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C。Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter。D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork。26。WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?A。Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C。Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.27。Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter。B。Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C。Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D。People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.【答案】【語篇解讀】我們每個人都有一種＂超能力＂。我們應該盡量超越自己，利用這種＂超能力＂去做一些非凡的事情，幫助他人,并改善世界。25.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題.根據第三段中的＂weareinspired.。.doingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld＂和第四段中的＂Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess：thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers＂可知，作者講他們每天都受鼓勵的原因是他們周圍的一些人在做非凡的事情以讓世界變得更美好。故C項正確.26。B【解析】推理判斷題.根據第五段中的＂Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself..。Volunteeror，ifyoucan，contributealittlemoneytoacause.。。＂可知,作者強調的內容是＂我們要超越自我,采取行動,幫助他人＂。所以B項正確。27.A【解析】推理判斷題.根據最后一段中的＂。.。themostrewardingpartsofourlives。Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead＂可知，作者認為最窮困的人的生活會變得更加美好.所以A項正確。=2\*ROMANI。閱讀理解閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。體裁題材詞數(shù)難度建議時間記敘文地震后人們之間關愛245★★☆☆☆5分鐘Whenanearthquakehitasmalltown,manyhousesfelldown。Aftertheearthquake,allthenewspapersreportedmany—storiesaboutsomeofthefamilieswhowereintrouble.OneSunday,whenIwasreadinganewspaper,aspecialpicturetouchedme.Itgavetheclothingsizesofeachfamilymember.Ithoughtthatthiswouldbeagoodchancetoteachmychildrentohelpthosewhowerelessluckythanthemselves。Isaidtomyseven-year-oldtwins，BradandBrett,andthree—year—olddaughter，Meghan，＂Wehavesomuch,butthesepoorpeoplenowhavenothing.We’llsharewhatwehavewiththem。＂Ifilledaboxwithfoodsandclothes.WhileIwasdoingthis，Iencouragedthechildrentochoosetheirtoysanddonatesomeoftheirlessfavoritethings。Meghanwatchedquietlyastheboystookouttheiroldtoysandgamesandputthemtogether.Thenshewalkedaway.AfewminuteslatershecamebackwithLucy，hermuch-loveddoll。Sheputthedollontopoftheothertoys.＂Oh，dear,＂Isaid，＂youdon’thavetogiveLucy。Youlovehersomuch。＂Meghansaid,＂Lucymakesmehappy，Mommy.Maybeshe’llmakeanotherlittlegirlhappy,too。＂IlookedatMeghanforalongmoment.Shetaughtmealesson.It’seasytogivesomethingthatwedon’twantanymore，buthardtogivewhatwecherish(珍愛），isn'tit？1.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterhas_____________children。A.one B。two C.three D。four2.Theunderlinedword＂donate＂probablymeans_____________。A.捐贈 B.丟掉 C。展出 D。放好3。WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Anearthquakehappenedinthewriter’shometown.B.ThewriterletMeghangivehermuch—loveddoll.C。Thewriterdecidedtobuysomeclothesforthosepeopleintrouble。D.Thewriterthinksitismoredifficulttogivewhatwelovealot.4。What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A。AFamilyStory。B.TheSpiritofGiving.C。TheWayofHelpingOthers。D。ASadExperience.=2\＊ROMANII.完形填空體裁題材詞數(shù)難度建議時間說明文預防地震的知識274★★★☆☆18分鐘Childrenneedtobepreparedforanearthquakeasmuchasadults,ifnotmore.Forbabiesandchildren,special__1__shouldbepaidto2theirenvironmentassafeaspossible。Theirbedsshouldbeplaced3fromwindowsandtall，unsteadybookcasesandshelvesthatcould4down.Attheveryleasta72-hour5ofextrawater,bottles，food，juices，clothing,plentyofdiapers（尿布），babywipesandreadymedicinesshouldbe6whereitismostlikelytoget7anearthquake。Alsokeepanextradiaperbagwiththesethingsinyourcar.Storebabycars,blanketsandbabybedswithrightwheelstoputbabiesintoleaveintime,if8.Setsoftpads(墊子)inbabybedsorbabycarsto9babiesduringtheshaking.Byagethreeorso,childrencan10whatanearthquakeisandhowtoget11forone。Takethetimetoexplainwhat12earthquakes13whatthey’llunderstand。Includeyourchildreninfamilydiscussionsandplanningforearthquake14。Takedrillsandreviewsafetyprocedures(步驟)15sixmonths。Showchildrenthesafestplacestobeineachroomwhenanearthquakehits.Alsoshowthemall16exitsfromeachroom.Teachchildrenwhattodo17theyareduringanearthquake（atschool，inatallbuilding,outdoors）.__18__children’semergencycardsatschoolareup-to-date。19childrenshouldnotturnoffanylights，it'simportantthattheyknowwhatgassmellslike.Advisechildrentotella(n）20iftheysmellgasafteranearthquake。1。A.advice B。warn C。attention D.help2。A.making

B.feeling

C.staying D.playing3.A。nearby

B。down

C。across

D.away4.A.break

B。fall

C.fold

D。put5。A.supply

B。number

C.amount

D。deal6。A.taken

B。left

C。stored

D。bought7。A.before

B。during

C.since

D。after8.A.important

B.necessary C.easy

D.ready9。A.protect

B.lay C。relax

D。drive10。A。call B.understand

C。expect

D。guess11。A.worried

B。eager

C.excited

D.ready12.A。changes

B.affects

C。prevents

D.causes13.A。accordingto

B。becauseofC.inspiteof

D.thanksto14.A.reason

B.result

C。safety

D.truth15。A.once

B。every

C。next

D.another16.A。similar

B.different

C。equal

D.possible17。A。wherever

B.whatever

C.whenever D。whoever18。A.Makesense

B。Workout

C.Makesure

D.Setdown19。A.Although

B.Because

C。If

D。Besides20.A.person

B。adult

C.stranger

D。friend=3\*ROMANIII.書面表達體裁話題提綱類電子郵件向美國網友介紹幫助地震災區(qū)活動的啟動儀式你市最近隆重舉行了＂幫助地震災區(qū)＂活動的啟動儀式。假如你是王華，請根據以下要點向你的美國網友Peter發(fā)一封英文電子郵件，介紹這次活動的情況.要點如下：1。時間：2017年3月20日上午；2.地點：市政府廣場；3.參加人員：全市各行各業(yè)8000多人(包括中小學生）;4.主要活動：市長動員講話、開幕式、捐款活動等。5。你的感受……注意：1。詞數(shù)100左右，郵件的開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)；2。可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫.參考詞匯：donation捐贈物;harmonious和諧的

DearPeter,I'mverygladtotellyousomethingabouttheopeningceremonyofHelpingtheEarthquake—strickenAreainourcity。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________