2023高考英語短語整理教學設(shè)計

2024高考英語短語整理教學設(shè)計新修訂高中階段原創(chuàng)精品配套教材

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老師：風老師

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20xx高考英語短語整理

詞組專題

partone:動詞短語

基本要點：動詞常與介詞和副詞、形容詞、名詞搭配在一起，構(gòu)成短語動詞。最常見的有以下幾類：

i、動詞+介詞（at,for,after,on,to,with,of,from,in,into,through,about等）構(gòu)成的詞組,相當于一個及物動詞,其賓語只能接在介詞之后。

theyfinallyagreedontheplan.thisjobcallsforskillsandpatience.

thebankwasbrokenintolastnight.we’llthinkaboutit.

ii、動詞+副詞(up,off,out,away,on,in,over,down,about,round/around等)構(gòu)成的詞組

1.一部分為不及物動詞短語，不能直接加賓語，也無被動。如：breakout,eabout,eout

2．一部分為及物的動詞短語,其賓語假如是名詞，可前可后；若是代詞，則只能放在當中。

youcancallyourteacherup=youcancallupyourteacher

youcancallhimup.we’llthinkitover.

iii.動詞+副詞+介詞:相當于及物動詞

wemustmakeupforthelosttime.我們必需彌補失去的時間。doihavetodoawaywithmyhabit?我是不是得除掉我的習慣？

iv.動詞+名詞/(反身)代詞+介詞:相當于一及物動詞

heneverhelpsmewithouttryingtotakeadvantageofme.(利用)inschool,ioftentakechargeofvariousactivities.（負責/管理）

一、常見介詞、副詞與常用動詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞

1.v+about(介詞：關(guān)于)：皆為及物短語動詞

ask/inquireabout:詢問…的狀況careabout:在乎;/介意;關(guān)注quarrelabout/over為…爭辯/爭吵

argueabout/over為…爭辯//辯論debateabout/on為/關(guān)于…辯論discussabout爭論，談?wù)?/p>

worryabout：擔憂concernabout:關(guān)懷，掛念know/learnabout:了解

readabout:讀知,閱后得知talkabout:談?wù)揾earabout:聽說（=hearof）

plainabout（埋怨/投訴）bringabout帶來，造成thinkabout:考慮

speakabout:談到，談?wù)?=speakof)setaboutdoingsth著

手做某事dosthabout...想方法/實行措施解決...

v+about(副詞:處處/四周)：皆為不及物短語動詞

walk/goabout:四處走動moveabout:四處走,常常搬家wanderabout:閑逛/徘徊

hangabout:閑蕩eabout:發(fā)生lookabout/around:環(huán)顧;(商店中)四處看

2.v+across（介詞或副詞）

eacross...:偶遇(=eupon)runacross...:偶然發(fā)覺/遇到cutacross:抄近路穿過/橫越;影響

put/get(…)acrosstosb:解釋/傳達，使某人明白…ittookmeanhourtogetmyintentionacrosstoher.

3.v+after(介詞)

beafter:尋求,查找，追求go/run/chaseafter:追逐/逐lookafter:照看

takeafter:長得像;學某人的樣askafter:探問/詢問name...after...:以…名字命名...

4.v+along

ealong跟著一起來willyouealongwithme?進展/進步sheisingalongnicelyaftertheoperation.

bring/take。。。along把…帶來/去getalong/on相處；進展getalong/onwithsb/sth與某人相處；在...進展

5.v+against(介詞):

argaueagainst:（發(fā)表意見）反對/反對beagainst:反對fight/struggleagainst:與…做斗爭

goagainst:違反，反對；對...不利thecasemightgoagainsthim.hewentagainsttheadviceofhiscolleaguesandresigned.turnagainst:背叛;對…實行敵對態(tài)度.eventhosewhoareonceforhimbegintoturnagainsthim.

warnagainst:警告不要,提示提防iwouldwarnagainstsuchanadventure

prevent/guard/provideagainst預(yù)防wehavetoprovideagainstaccidents.theserulescanprevent/guardagainstaccidents.

6v+apart(副詞或形容詞:分別/分開的)

takeapart拆開;剖析tearapart:扯/拆開,使心碎tell…apart:分別/區(qū)分

setapart:區(qū)分，突出fall/eapart:瓦解/崩潰

7.v+round(副詞)

getround傳開來;四處走動itwasnotlongbeforethenewsgotroundthattraceywasdatingjames.

getsbround:說服某人heisdeterminedandwon’tgivein—seeifyoucangethimround

getroundto(doing)sth:最終去做/找到時間做ihaven’tevengotroundtounpackingfrommyholidayyet.

eround:恢復(fù)/清醒poursomewateronhisfacehe'llsooneround.don'tscoldtheboy;he'lleroundintime.

轉(zhuǎn)變意見shewillnevereround(toourwayofthinking).

(非正式的)來訪，到來；繞道eroundwhenyouhavetime.christmaswillsooneround.

bring..round/around(to...):使某人恢復(fù)知覺wemanagedtobringherroundwithsomesmellingsalt.

說服某人轉(zhuǎn)變想法bringhimroundtoourpointofview

把話題轉(zhuǎn)到...hebroughtthediscussionroundtofootball.

8.v+aside(在一邊,另外)

put/leave/set…aside:留出/撥出以備專用;撇開/擱置一邊不考慮layaside:暫放一邊throwaside:拋棄

asidefrom=besides除...外(還有)

9.v+as(介詞：充當/作為)

serveas:充當，用作actas:扮演，充當workas:充當,擔當…工作functionas:充當（…功能）

10.v+at(介詞)

shout/yellat:對…叫喊knockat:敲laughat:稱贊flyat:撲向

pointat:指向/著，對準eat:攻擊,達到goat:撲向,盡力干catchat:想抓住,渴望

shoot/fireat:向…開火aimat旨在；瞄準；企圖targetat把…瞄準…attemptat嘗試/企圖;努力

lookat:看stareat:盯著看;注視glareat:怒視glanceat瞥見，看一下(掃瞄)

callatsp:訪問某地dropinatsp順便走訪某地arriveat：到達;達成arriveatconclusion/agreement

workat:從事,鉆研wonderat:對…驚異estimateat:估量

11.v+away(副詞)

putaway:放好/收好；儲存?zhèn)溆?舍棄giveaway:贈送，分送;泄露turnaway:解雇;把…打發(fā)走

sendaway:驅(qū)除,解雇clearaway:清除，移走wearaway:磨掉,(時間)消逝

throwaway:扔掉,拋棄takeaway:拿走smoothaway:克服，消退

passaway:去世/逝世goaway:走開,離開dieaway(風/聲音)漸息/漸弱;(樹木)凋零/枯萎

12.v+back(副詞)

keepback:阻擋;隱瞞;扣留holdback:忍住，抑制住bringback:拿回；使…回想起，使恢復(fù)

takeback:帶回；撤銷/收回（說的話）giveback:歸還;反射(光等)getback找回/取回;回來

callback:回電,召回處理answerback:回嘴payback:償還，

向…報復(fù)，回報

13.v+by(介詞或副詞):

goby路過某地;時間過去passby經(jīng)過某地；(時間)逝去standby旁觀(=lookon);預(yù)備行動；支持/忠于某人;堅持/遵守

14.v+down(介詞或副詞)

turndown:調(diào)低(音量等);拒絕某人letsbdown使某人絕望putdown：放下，登記，鎮(zhèn)壓

note/put/takedown:登記takedown取下；登記；拆卸tear/pulldown拆毀

breakdown:出毛病;裂開;崩潰；分解burndown燒毀cutdown:削減，削減；殺死，砍倒

keepdown壓制；掌握，縮減開支holddown壓制；抑制(熱忱等)縮減slowdown使慢下來,減緩

knockdown擊/撞倒;拆除;使降價bringdown使降落/下降,降價godown:下降，削減；沉沒

godownwith生…病laydown:放下，鋪設(shè)handdown:傳遞，遺傳下來

passdown:傳下來falldown落下；跌到；倒塌；失??；證明是不行的diedown:漸熄

calmdown安靜/鎮(zhèn)靜下來settledown定居;安靜下來settledownto安定下來用心于

getdown:從…下來;下車;寫下;使懊喪getdownto開頭仔細做，著手做

15.v+for(介詞)

makefor:向…前進;有利于/促進headfor駛向,走向setsailfor/setofffor向某地駛?cè)?動身

leavefor動身去某地lookfor:查找huntfor搜尋，查找callfor:需要/要求;提倡;邀約/約請(callforsb)waitfor:等待carefor喜愛,關(guān)懷

applyfor懇求/申請answerfor對…負責betoblamefor...應(yīng)對...負責

payfor償還,賠償standfor代表，意味著，主見，支持sendfor派人去請某人

gofor:攻擊；適用于；想要獲得；寵愛askfor:要求/要;找某人(askforsb)runfor競選

praise/punish/scoldsbfor...因..贊揚/懲處/責罵sbaccountfor是…的緣由;解釋;占據(jù)allowfor:考慮到；顧及

arrangefor:支配struggle/fightfor:為…而斗爭fallfor:沉迷/對…傾心；上某人的當

hope/wish/longforsth:盼望/渴望bedying/eager/thirtyfor...渴望

16.v+forward(副詞)

bringforward:提出;將…提前putforward提出;促進；

將鐘拔前pushforward:推動/連續(xù)進行