全國版2022中考化學(xué)微專題三化學(xué)方程式練本課件

第一篇教材梳理夯實基礎(chǔ)微專題三化學(xué)方程式Ⅰ.化合反應(yīng)(1)金屬單質(zhì)和氧氣反應(yīng)①鎂在空氣(或氧氣)中燃燒__________________________②鋁在空氣中形成保護膜__________________________③鐵在氧氣中燃燒__________________________2Mg＋O2====2MgO點燃4Al＋3O2===2Al2O33Fe＋2O2====Fe3O4點燃④銅在氧氣中受熱_______________________________(2)非金屬單質(zhì)和氧氣反應(yīng)⑤紅磷在空氣中燃燒_______________________________⑥硫粉在氧氣中燃燒_______________________________2Cu＋O2===2CuO△4P＋5O2====2P2O5點燃S＋O2====SO2點燃⑦碳在氧氣中充分燃燒_________________________________⑧碳在氧氣中不充分燃燒_________________________________⑨氫氣在氧氣中燃燒_________________________________C＋O2====CO2點燃2C＋O2====2CO點燃2H2＋O2====2H2O點燃(3)其他化合反應(yīng)⑩一氧化碳在氧氣中燃燒_____________________________?二氧化碳通過熾熱的炭層_____________________________?二氧化碳溶于水_____________________________?生石灰與水反應(yīng)______________________________2CO＋O2====2CO2點燃C＋CO2====2CO高溫CO2＋H2O===H2CO3CaO＋H2O===Ca(OH)2Ⅱ.分解反應(yīng)?過氧化氫分解制氧氣(二氧化錳作催化劑)______________________________________?加熱氯酸鉀制氧氣(二氧化錳作催化劑)_______________________________________?加熱高錳酸鉀制氧氣_______________________________________2H2O2====2H2O＋O2↑MnO22KClO3====2KCl＋3O2↑MnO2△2KMnO4====K2MnO4＋MnO2＋O2↑△?水在直流電的作用下分解______________________________?碳酸不穩(wěn)定分解_______________________________?高溫煅燒石灰石_______________________________2H2O====2H2↑＋O2↑通電H2CO3===H2O＋CO2↑

CaCO3====)CaO＋CO2↑高溫Ⅲ.置換反應(yīng)(1)活潑金屬與稀酸的反應(yīng)?鋅和稀硫酸反應(yīng)_____________________________鐵和稀硫酸反應(yīng)____________________________+鎂和稀硫酸反應(yīng)____________________________Zn＋H2SO4===ZnSO4＋H2↑Fe＋H2SO4===FeSO4＋H2↑Mg＋H2SO4===MgSO4＋H2↑1鋅和稀鹽酸反應(yīng)___________________________2鐵和稀鹽酸反應(yīng)___________________________3鎂和稀鹽酸反應(yīng)___________________________)Zn＋2HCl===ZnCl2＋H2↑Fe＋2HCl===FeCl2＋H2↑

Mg＋2HCl===MgCl2＋H2↑(2)金屬與鹽溶液的反應(yīng)4鐵和硫酸銅溶液反應(yīng)_________________________________5銅和硝酸銀溶液反應(yīng)_________________________________6鋁和硫酸銅溶液反應(yīng)_________________________________Fe＋CuSO4===FeSO4＋CuCu＋2AgNO3===Cu(NO3)2＋2Ag2Al＋3CuSO4===Al2(SO4)3＋3Cu(3)非金屬單質(zhì)與金屬氧化物的反應(yīng)7氫氣還原氧化銅____________________________8木炭還原氧化銅____________________________9焦炭還原氧化鐵____________________________29(○)

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31(○)H2＋CuO====Cu＋H2O△C＋2CuO====2Cu＋CO2↑高溫3C＋2Fe2O3====)4Fe＋3CO2↑高溫Ⅳ.復(fù)分解反應(yīng)(1)金屬氧化物與酸的反應(yīng)0氧化鐵和稀鹽酸反應(yīng)____________________________________-氧化鐵和稀硫酸反應(yīng)____________________________________=氧化銅和稀鹽酸反應(yīng)____________________________________Q氧化銅和稀硫酸反應(yīng)_____________________________________Fe2O3＋6HCl===2FeCl3＋3H2OFe2O3＋3H2SO4===Fe2(SO4)3＋3H2OCuO＋2HCl===CuCl2＋H2OCuO＋H2SO4===CuSO4＋H2O(2)酸與堿的反應(yīng)W鹽酸和燒堿反應(yīng)__________________________________E鹽酸和氫氧化鈣反應(yīng)__________________________________R氫氧化鋁藥物治療胃酸過多__________________________________HCl＋NaOH===NaCl＋H2O2HCl＋Ca(OH)2===CaCl2＋2H2O3HCl＋Al(OH)3===AlCl3＋3H2OT硫酸和燒堿反應(yīng)__________________________________Y氫氧化鈣和硫酸反應(yīng)__________________________________H2SO4＋2NaOH===Na2SO4＋2H2O)Ca(OH)2＋H2SO4===CaSO4＋2H2O(3)酸與鹽的反應(yīng)U碳酸鈣和稀鹽酸反應(yīng)(實驗室制CO2)________________________________________I碳酸鈉和稀鹽酸反應(yīng)________________________________________O鹽酸和硝酸銀溶液反應(yīng)________________________________________P硫酸和氯化鋇溶液反應(yīng)________________________________________CaCO3＋2HCl===CaCl2＋H2O＋CO2↑Na2CO3＋2HCl===2NaCl＋H2O＋CO2↑)HCl＋AgNO3===AgCl↓＋HNO3H2SO4＋BaCl2===BaSO4↓＋2HCl(4)堿與鹽的反應(yīng){氫氧化鈉溶液與硫酸銅溶液反應(yīng)_______________________________________}氫氧化鈉溶液與氯化鐵溶液反應(yīng)_______________________________________q氫氧化鈉溶液與氯化鎂溶液反應(yīng)_______________________________________2NaOH＋CuSO4===Cu(OH)2↓＋Na2SO43NaOH＋FeCl3===Fe(OH)3↓＋3NaCl)2NaOH＋MgCl2===Mg(OH)2↓＋2NaClw氫氧化鈉溶液與氯化銅溶液反應(yīng)__________________________________________e氫氧化鈣溶液與碳酸鈉溶液反應(yīng)__________________________________________48(○)

49(○2NaOH＋CuCl2===Cu(OH)2↓＋2NaCl)Ca(OH)2＋Na2CO3===CaCO3↓＋2NaOH(5)鹽與鹽的反應(yīng)r氯化鈉溶液和硝酸銀溶液反應(yīng)__________________________________________t硫酸鈉溶液和氯化鋇溶液反應(yīng)__________________________________________y硫酸銅溶液和氯化鋇溶液反應(yīng)__________________________________________u碳酸鈉溶液和氯化鈣溶液反應(yīng)__________________________________________NaCl＋AgNO3===AgCl↓＋NaNO3Na2SO4＋BaCl2===BaSO4↓＋2NaClCuSO4＋BaCl2===BaSO4↓＋CuCl2Na2CO3＋CaCl2===CaCO3↓＋2NaClⅤ.非基本反應(yīng)類型i甲烷在空氣中燃燒______________________________________o酒精在空氣中燃燒______________________________________p一氧化碳還原氧化銅______________________________________[一氧化碳還原氧化鐵______________________________________54(○)

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CH4＋2O2====CO2＋2H2O點燃C2H5OH＋3O2====2CO2＋3H2O點燃CO＋CuO====Cu＋CO2△3CO＋Fe2O3====2Fe＋3CO2高溫]一氧化碳還原四氧化三鐵_____________________________________A苛性鈉暴露在空氣中變質(zhì)____________________________________