高中語法重難點突破定語從句專題課件高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語從句

AttributiveClause

定語從句的概念定語從句是修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，即由一個句子來充當(dāng)定語。It’saninvention

whichisusedforkeepingofftherain.Youmustdoeverything

thatIcando.

定語從句的分類如果去掉紅色部分，句子意思顯然不完整。如果去掉紅色部分，主句意思仍然沒有多大影響。

定語從句的關(guān)鍵要素先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系詞的功能關(guān)系代詞：who/whom,that,which,as,whose關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why①引導(dǎo)定語從句②代替先行詞③在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個句法成分

關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that可以指人或指物；在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。

指物：Thisis

a

book

that

interests

a

largenumberofpeople.(作主語)Isanything(that)Icandoforyou?(作賓語)

指人：Hethatwouldeatthefruitmustclimbthetree.(作主語)Heisaman(that)youcansafelytrust.(作賓語)注：①關(guān)系代詞that、which、who

(賓格whom)在從句中作賓語時，特別是在口語或非正式的書面表達中，常常省略。②that不用于非限制性定語從句。③that不可置于介詞后作賓語。

which/who/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞既可是人，也可是物；whose在句中作定語。

先行詞(人)：Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherisstudyingabroad.Italkedwiththemanwhosehousewasdestroyedintheflood.

先行詞(物)：Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.He

has

writtenabookwhosenameI’veforgotten.注：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞whose指代物時可以用“ofwhich”替換。如：I’d

like

a

room

whose

window

faces

south.=I’dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I’dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.

關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as引導(dǎo)定語，在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。①若為限制性定語從句，as多用于thesame…as;

the

same

as;

such…as…;

as

many/much

as;

so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).Hereissobigstoneasnoonecanlift.(注意此結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句so…that…區(qū)分)比較：Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(結(jié)果狀語從句)②若為非限制性定語從句，as常常單獨引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為“正如”“這一點”。(動詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)He

was

a

foreigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(as作賓語，先行詞是前面整個句子)

關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as引導(dǎo)定語，在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。②若為非限制性定語從句，as常常單獨引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為“正如”“這一點”。(動詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as作賓語)=Asitknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as作主語)=It’sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone’shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone’shealth,asweallknow.(as作賓語)=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone’shealth.注：由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

as&which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句①位置的不同which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置較靈活，也就是說as可置于所限制的句子前面、插在句子中或放在句子后。如：Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.=Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.=Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.②

as一般譯為“正如”“就像”“這一點”asweallknow;asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpect;aswehaveimagined…

as&which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句③先行詞的不同as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞多為一個句子；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞可以是一個詞，一個短語或一個句子。as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。Hewasproud,

whichhisbrotherneverwas.(先行詞是一個詞)Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.(先行詞是一個句子)Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.

關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句When指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞，如：time,day,week,year,month等。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作狀語)Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作賓語)

關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句Where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如：place,

school,factory,room等。ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.注：先行詞是“地點名詞”，定語從句可用where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that引導(dǎo)，which/that在從句中作主語或賓語。比較：Thisisthefactorywhereheworkedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.

關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)的定語從句Why指原因，在定語從中作原因狀語。先行為reason時可用forwhich指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that引導(dǎo)。如：Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作賓語)Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?(作主語)

練習(xí)1.Thegentle____________manyoutoldmeaboutyesterdayprovedtobeathief.2.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice____________peopleexpected.3.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,____________leadingactorisworldfamous?4.Isthisthereason____________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?5.____________hasbeenannounced.weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.6.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace____________,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.7.TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates,oneof____________isseparatedfromtheothersbythePacificOcean.Keys:1.who/whom;2.as;3.whose;4.that;5.As;6.where;7.which

練習(xí)8.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,______isalwaysbusyattheweekend.9.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewasall______kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.10.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,without_________therewon'tbemuchwork.11.Thevisitor____________passportwasstolenwasonhiswaytotheUS.12.Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar____________hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatree.13.Faye'sfondestmemoryisoflastyear,___________theclubgaveateapartyforherbirthday.14.Theresultofthestudyindicatedthatitwasthetypeoffat____________madedifference.15.Sailingacrosstheoceanalonewasanachievement____________tookcourage.Keys:8.which;9.that;10.which;11.whose;12.that/which;13.when;14.that;15.that/which

練習(xí)16.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.17.Alecaskedthepolicemanwith____________heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.18.Icanthinkofmanycases____________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.19.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfiiendassomeonewith____________theycantalkfrequently.20.Ifshophaschairs____________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillbehappytoshop.Keys:16.where;17.whom;18.where;19.whom;20.where

定語從句關(guān)系詞that的特殊用法

定語從句關(guān)系詞that的特殊用法限制性定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況⑤先行詞既有人又有物，這時宜用that.The

writer

and

his

novel

that

you

have

just

talked

about

is

really

well-known.⑥被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時。YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.⑦如果有兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

定語從句關(guān)系詞that的特殊用法限制性定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況⑧疑問詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)。Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?⑨主句是Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞。Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.⑩被修飾成分為表語時，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)ituse