外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修三 （Disaster and hope）SectionⅢ 新課件

SectionⅢUsinglanguage&Writing

語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破寫(xiě)作能力提升課后限時(shí)訓(xùn)練名著賞析?素養(yǎng)提能省略為了避免重復(fù)，或?yàn)榱耸咕渥痈?jiǎn)練，在一些句子中常常省去一個(gè)或某幾個(gè)成分，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)中叫省略。在英語(yǔ)句子中，常見(jiàn)的省略情況有以下幾種：一、并列句中的省略在由and或but連接的并列句中，常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。1．省略共同的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)?！鬞ompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittotheteacher.湯姆在地板上撿起了一本書(shū)并把它交給了老師。2．若主語(yǔ)不同，而謂語(yǔ)部分的系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。◆JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，瑪麗肯定一直在做作業(yè)。3．若主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。◆Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.他的建議使我高興，卻使吉姆生氣。4．若主語(yǔ)不同，但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分?！鬑ehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn't(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid)．他具備急救知識(shí)，但他朋友不具備。二、復(fù)合句中的省略1．狀語(yǔ)從句的省略(1)在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等連接的狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)跟主句主語(yǔ)相同且從句謂語(yǔ)中含有系動(dòng)詞be或從句的主語(yǔ)為it時(shí)，則從句中主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞常被省略?！鬉s(itis)scheduled，weparticipatedinseveralinstructiveactivities.按照計(jì)劃安排，我們參加了幾個(gè)有指導(dǎo)意義的活動(dòng)?！鬢henever(itis)possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.只要有可能，他們就讓他停下并問(wèn)他這三個(gè)問(wèn)題?！鬖ookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.過(guò)街時(shí)要當(dāng)心車輛。[溫馨提示](1)省略句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；若構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則使用過(guò)去分詞；若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則使用不定式。◆When(itis)heated,icecanbeturnedintowater.加熱的時(shí)候冰可以變成水。(2)在than,as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中常省略某些成分?！鬞heydon'tusemorewaterthan(itis)necessary.他們使用的水沒(méi)有超出需要量?！鬑erunsasfastasBob(runs)．他和鮑勃跑得一樣快。2．定語(yǔ)從句中的省略(1)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that,which，whom可省略?！鬞hecomputer(which)Iwantedtobuywassoldout.我想買的那種電腦賣光了。(2)在定語(yǔ)從句中way作先行詞，且在句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞?！鬒don'tliketheway(that)hespeakstome.我不喜歡他對(duì)我說(shuō)話的方式。(3)在以thesame...as...或such...as...引導(dǎo)的某些定語(yǔ)從句中，也可省略與主句相同的部分?！鬒havethesametroubleasyou(have)．我和你有同樣的困難。3．賓語(yǔ)從句的省略(1)及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，連接詞that一般可以省略；但如果及物動(dòng)詞接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，那么只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。◆Idobelieve(that)Iamveryqualifiedforthisvoluntarywork，becauseIhaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish.我的確相信我適合這個(gè)志愿者工作，因?yàn)槲揖ㄓ⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)?！鬑esaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他說(shuō)這篇課文很重要，我們應(yīng)該牢記在心。(2)when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以僅保留引導(dǎo)詞?！鬒knowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon'tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity)．我知道一個(gè)電影明星將要來(lái)我們市，但我不知道他什么時(shí)候來(lái)。三、其他的省略情況1．動(dòng)詞不定式的省略(1)當(dāng)不定式在形容詞afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，to后的內(nèi)容常省略?！鬥oucan'tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe'snotreadyto(answerthequestion)．如果他不愿意回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你不能強(qiáng)迫他。(2)某些使役動(dòng)詞，如make,let,have等和感官動(dòng)詞，如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式須省略to，但若這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則to不省略。◆WeoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.→SheisoftenheardtosinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符號(hào)to。但若兩個(gè)不定式之間表示對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)，不能省略to?！鬑elikestoswimmorethan(to)skate.比起溜冰他更喜歡游泳?！鬑ebelievesitimportanttostudyratherthantomakefriends.(比較)他認(rèn)為最重要的是學(xué)習(xí)而不是交朋友。(4)當(dāng)不定式在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？墒÷詔o后的內(nèi)容。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等?！簟猈illyougotothecinemawithme?—I'dliketo(gowithyou)．——你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎？——我愿意。(5)介詞but,except(除了)前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，后面的不定式不帶to。◆Allhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee.他所能做的只有等著瞧。(6)當(dāng)不定式在begoingto,beableto,haveto,oughtto,usedto后作復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式可省略?！鬞heydidn'tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents)．他們應(yīng)該多看望父母，但他們沒(méi)有。2．使用so，not等時(shí)的省略為了避免重復(fù)前面所說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句，與believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I'mafraid等連用。so表示贊同前述的事實(shí)，not表示不贊同前述的事實(shí)。◆—HassheeverbeentoLondon?—Idon'tthinkso.(＝Idon'tthinkshehaseverbeentoLondon.)——她曾到過(guò)倫敦嗎？——我想她沒(méi)去過(guò)?！簟猈illitraintomorrow?—Ihopenot.(＝Ihopeitwon'traintomorrow.)——明天會(huì)下雨嗎？——我希望不會(huì)。◆—Canyoucomenextweek?—I'mafraidnot.(＝I'mafraidthatIcannotcome.)——你下星期能來(lái)嗎？——恐怕我不能來(lái)。Ⅰ.用省略句改寫(xiě)下列句子1．WhenIwasaskedhowtogettothetrainstation,Itoldhimrightaway.→_________________________________________,Itoldhimrightaway.2．Youcanaskmybrotherforhelpifitisnecessary.→Youcanaskmybrotherforhelp_______________.3．Wedon'tgotothecinemaasmuchasweusedtogotothecinema.→Wedon'tgotothecinema____________________.Whenaskedhowtogettothetrainstationifnecessary

asmuchasweusedto4．Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyareperformed,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.→__________________________________，theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.5．Iftheexperimentcanbedonecarefully,itissuretosucceed.→____________________，theexperimentissuretosucceed.6．WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.→________________________________，Iheardmynamecalled.Nomatterhowfrequentlyperformed

IfdonecarefullyWhilewalkingalongthestreet7．Whenitispossible,peopleshouldusereproducibleenergyinsteadoffossilenergy.→________________，peopleshouldusereproducibleenergyinsteadoffossilenergy.8．Helookedeverywhereasifhewasinsearchofsomething.→Helookedeverywhere______________________________.Whenpossible

asifinsearchofsomething

9．Thoughhewastired,hekeptonworkinginthefield.→____________________，hekeptonworkinginthefield.10．Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfathertoldhimnottoplaywiththeknife.→Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfather____________________.ThoughtiredtoldhimnottoⅡ.語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作1．除非你被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言，否則你應(yīng)該在這次會(huì)議上保持沉默。____________________，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.2．亨利通過(guò)期末考試的可能性很小，但他仍希望通過(guò)。Henryislesslikelytopasstheend-of-termexam,buthestill_______________.3．他們的友誼一旦失去，就無(wú)法再挽回。______________，theirfriendshipwon'tbewonback.Unlessinvitedtospeak

hopesto

Oncelost4．在那家意大利餐館里，我很難在菜單上找到合適的食物。I__________________________________________onthemenuinthatItalianrestaurant.5．讓我驚訝的是，我兒子的作業(yè)比預(yù)期完成得要好。Tomysurprise,mysonfinishedhishomework____________________.hadgreatdifficultyfindingthesuitablefood

betterthanexpected指導(dǎo)性說(shuō)明文[文體分析]本寫(xiě)作任務(wù)要求寫(xiě)安全指南，屬于指導(dǎo)性說(shuō)明文。此類寫(xiě)作的特點(diǎn)是：目的明確、簡(jiǎn)潔明了、步驟清晰、操作性強(qiáng)。句型以祈使句為主，時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，人稱多用第一人稱或第二人稱。本文可分三部分：第一部分：引入話題(比如：遇到有人溺水怎么辦)；第二部分：說(shuō)明如何施救；第三部分：總結(jié)全文(說(shuō)明實(shí)施急救的重要性)。[常用句式]1．Weshouldcheckwhetherthepersoncanbreatheornot.2．Usethemouth-to-mouthmethodwithinfiveminutes.3．Laythepatientdownonacoatorsleepingbagifpossible.4．Coverthewoundwithabandageorapieceofdrycleancloth.5．Don'ttrytomovethepersonunlessheisindanger.6．Don'tgivethepersonanythingtoeatordrink.[寫(xiě)作要求]假設(shè)你是李華，你們學(xué)校的英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)站正面向全校學(xué)生征集有關(guān)安全指南的英文稿件。請(qǐng)你給該網(wǎng)站投稿，介紹交通事故方面的急救常識(shí)。內(nèi)容包括：1．首先保持鎮(zhèn)靜；2．檢查傷者呼吸情況，呼吸困難要實(shí)施人工呼吸；3．如傷者有出血情況要用布按壓止血，然后等候救護(hù)車及警察的幫助。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[審題謀篇]體裁說(shuō)明文話題如何實(shí)施急救時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱第二人稱[詞句推敲]1．詞匯①反應(yīng)____________________②幫助____________________③傷口____________________④核實(shí)____________________⑤注意____________________respond

assistance

wound

checkout

payattentionto2．句式①知道如何正確地應(yīng)對(duì)起著重要的作用。Knowinghowtorespondproperlycanmakeabigdifference.→_________________________________________canmakeabigdifference.(用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型改寫(xiě)句子)②這里有一些規(guī)則。你可以遵守這些規(guī)則。Herearesomerules.Youcanfollowtheserules.→_____________________________________(用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子)ItisknowinghowtorespondproperlythatHerearesomerulesthatyoucanfollow.③如果有必要的話，要實(shí)施人工呼吸進(jìn)行緊急救助。Ifitisnecessary,usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.→_______________，usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.(用省略句改寫(xiě)句子)Ifnecessary[妙筆成篇]

[參考范文]FirstAidforAccidentsIfyouhappentowitnessanaccident,whatshouldyoudotosaveotherpeople'slives?Itisknowinghowtorespondproperlythatcanmakeabigdifference.Herearesomerulesthatyoucanfollow.Firstly,youmuststaycalmandcallthepoliceandanambulance.Next,payattentiontotheperson'sbreathing,especiallyifheishavingtroublegettinghisbreath.Ifnecessary,usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.Besides,iftheinjuredpersonisbleeding,pressacleantowelorclothontohiswound.Finally,staywiththeinjuredpersonandcomforthimuntilthearrivalofthepoliceandambulance.名著賞析·素養(yǎng)提能【導(dǎo)讀】

《誰(shuí)動(dòng)了我的奶酪？》是美國(guó)作家斯賓塞·約翰遜寫(xiě)的一個(gè)寓言故事，每頁(yè)都配有主人公滑稽可愛(ài)、個(gè)性鮮明的漫畫(huà)形象。該書(shū)自1998年9月出版后，兩年中銷售2000萬(wàn)冊(cè)，同時(shí)迅速躍居《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》《商業(yè)周刊》最暢銷圖書(shū)排行榜第一名。Whomovedmycheese？(excerpt)Once,longagoinalandfaraway,therelivedfourlittlecharacterswhoranthroughamazelookingforcheesetonourishthemandmakethemhappy.Twoweremicenamed“Sniff”and“Scurry”andtwowerelittlepeople—beingswhowereassmallasmicebutwholookedandactedalotlikepeopletoday.Theirnameswere“Hem”and“Haw”．Duetotheirsmallsize,itwouldbeeasynottonoticewhatthefourofthemweredoing.Butifyoulookedcloselyenough,youcoulddiscoverthemostamazingthings!Everyday,themiceandthelittlepeoplespenttimeintheMazelookingfortheirownspecialcheese.Themice,SniffandScurry,possessingonlysimplerodentbrains,butgoodinstincts,searchedforthehardnibblingcheesetheyliked,asmiceoftendo.Thetwolittlepeople,HemandHaw,usedtheirbrains,filledwithmanybeliefsandemotions,tosearchforaverydifferentkindofCheese—withacapitalC—whichtheybelievedwouldmakethemfeelhappyandsuccessful.Asdifferentasthemiceandlittlepeoplewere,theysharedsomethingincommon.Everymorning,theyeachputontheirjoggingsuitsandrunningshoes,lefttheirlittlehomes,andracedoutintotheMazelookingfortheirfavoritecheese.TheMazewasalabyrinthofcorridorsandchambers,somecontainingdeliciouscheese.Buttherewerealsodarkcornersandblindalleysleadingnowhere.Itwasaneasyplaceforanyonetogetlost.《誰(shuí)動(dòng)了我的奶酪？》(節(jié)選)從前，在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的地方，住著四個(gè)小家伙。為了填飽肚子和享受樂(lè)趣，他們?cè)谝蛔詫m里跑來(lái)跑去，在那里尋找一種叫“奶酪”的食物。有兩個(gè)小家伙是老鼠，一個(gè)叫“嗅嗅”，另一個(gè)叫“匆匆”。另外兩個(gè)家伙則是小矮人，和老鼠一般大小，但和人一個(gè)模樣，而且他們的行為也和我們今天的人類差不多。他們的名字，一個(gè)叫“哼哼”，另一個(gè)叫“唧唧”。由于他們四個(gè)實(shí)在太小了，他們?cè)诟墒裁串?dāng)然不太會(huì)引起旁人的注意。但如果你湊近去仔細(xì)觀察，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多令人驚奇不已的事情！兩個(gè)老鼠和兩個(gè)小矮人每天都在迷宮中度過(guò)，在其中尋找他們各自喜歡的奶酪。嗅嗅、匆匆的大腦和其他嚙齒類動(dòng)物的差不多一樣簡(jiǎn)單，但他們有很好的直覺(jué)。和別的老鼠一樣，他們喜歡的是那種適合啃咬的、硬一點(diǎn)的奶酪。而那兩個(gè)小矮人，哼哼和唧唧，則靠腦袋行事，他們的腦袋里裝滿了各種信念和情感。他們要找的是一種特殊的帶字母“C”的奶酪。他們相信，這樣的奶酪會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)幸福，使他們成功。盡管小老鼠和小矮人的目標(biāo)各不相同，但他們做的事情有些是差不多的。每天早上，他們會(huì)各自穿上運(yùn)動(dòng)服和慢跑鞋，離開(kāi)他們的小房子，跑進(jìn)迷宮尋找他們各自鐘愛(ài)的奶酪。迷宮中有許多曲折的走廊和好像蜂窩似的房間，其中的一些房間里藏著美味的奶酪，但有的地方則是黑暗的角落和隱蔽的死胡同，任何人走進(jìn)去都很容易迷路。7．Once,longagoinalandfaraway,therelivedfourlittlecharacterswhoranthroughamazelookingforcheesetonourishthemandmakethemhappy.分析：該句中who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞characters；lookingforcheese是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。Unit6Disasterandhope

SectionAThe

Science

of

EarthquakesWhatisanearthquake?Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonic

plates①.Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.Whatcauseearthquakesandwheredotheyhappen?Theearthhasfourmainlayers②.Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle③andtheearth’scrust④.Thecrustandthetopofthemantlemakeupathinskinonthesurfaceoftheplanet.Butthisskinisnotallinonepiece.Itisactuallymadeupofmanytectonicplates.Theyarelikepuzzlepieces.Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck.Thatiswhenanearthquakehappens.Whydoestheearthshakewhenthereisanearthquake?Earthquakessendoutwavesinalldirections.Whentheyreachtheearth’ssurface,theyshaketheground.Therearedifferenttypesofearthquakewaves.ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.Howareearthquakesrecorded?Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs⑤.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.

詞海拾貝①tectonicplate構(gòu)造板塊②layern.層③mantlen.地幔④crustn.地殼⑤seismographn.地震儀典句欣賞Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.譯文:地震儀的記錄告訴科學(xué)家地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。分析:該句子中Recordings為主語(yǔ),fromseismographs為介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾Recordings;tell為謂語(yǔ),scientists作tell的間接賓語(yǔ);whenandwhereanearthquaketookplace為賓語(yǔ)從句。理解誘思1.Whatsignsbeforeanearthquake?答案:Brightlightflashinthesky.Thewaterinthewellrisesandfalls.Chickensareflyinganddogsarebarking,andpigsandcowsaretoonervous.Fishjumpoutofthepond,andmicerunwildlyoutofthefields.2.Whatshouldwedoincasethereisanearthquake?答案:Besuretostaycalmanddoeverythingtheteachertellsyou.Ifyouareinclass,takecoverunderdeskquicklyanddonotmoveuntilthefloorstopsshaking.Ifyouareontheplayground,staywhereyouare,crouchandprotectyourhead.Don’tstandnearhighbuildingsthatmayfalldownanddon’tjumpoffthebuilding.Helpyourclassmatesifyoucanandtrytogothroughthedisastertogether.

Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.知識(shí)體系圖解

disastertubepluseruptimmediatelyhurricaneoccurannouncement對(duì)……做出回應(yīng),反應(yīng)面臨,面對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì),解決撿起當(dāng)然與……比起來(lái)成功瀏覽由于而且,除此之外Ⅱ.詞匯拓展1.eruptv.→

(n.)

2.immediatelyadv.&conj.→

(adj.)

3.occurv.→

(n.)→

(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞)

4.announcementn.→

(v.)

eruptionimmediateoccurrenceoccurredannounceⅢ.閱讀導(dǎo)學(xué)根據(jù)pp.62-63課文內(nèi)容,回答下列問(wèn)題。1.Whereistheauthor?2.Wheredoestheauthorprobablyworkin?3.WhydoestheauthorwanttogotoBankstation?4.Whatplansdoestheauthormakeforthefuture?5.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenheseesthephotosinthenewspaper?答案:1.Inthetube/subway.2.Inabank.3.Toavoidthebadfeelingbythinkingaboutwork.4.Heplanstoputhisflatonthemarketandbuyaboat;speakwithmymanageraboutmovingtothetopfloor;learntoswimandjoinabeginner’sswimmingclassimmediately.5.Hefeelsnervous.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式1.pick

up

拿起;卷起;掀起【課文原句】Picking

upafreenewspaperattheTubestation,Iseethetitle“Hot!Hot!Hot”.在地鐵站撿到一份免費(fèi)報(bào)紙,我看到標(biāo)題是“熱!熱!很熱”?！驹~匯精講】pickup在該句子中表示“拿起”,同時(shí),它還有“拾起;接收(信號(hào));(偶然)學(xué)會(huì);整理;接載;情況好轉(zhuǎn)”等含義。Hepicked

upsomeFrenchwordswhilelivingwithaFrenchman.他和一個(gè)法國(guó)人住在一起時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)了一些法語(yǔ)單詞。Theschoolbuspicks

upthechildrenthreetimeseveryday.校車每天接送孩子們?nèi)?。Theequipmentpicked

upthesignalfromthesatellite.設(shè)備接收到衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的信號(hào)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【巧學(xué)助記】

重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】pickoneselfup跌倒后站起來(lái)pickupspeed加速pickon挑剔;捉弄;選中pickoff摘下pickout挑選;辨認(rèn)出重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式2.average

adj.平均的;普通的;正(平)常的【課文原句】TheaveragehightemperatureinJulyisonly22degrees,soover30isnotusualforLondon.7月份的平均高溫只有22度,因此倫敦的氣溫通常不會(huì)超過(guò)30度?！驹~匯精講】average在該句子中為形容詞,表示“平均的”。它還有名詞的詞性,表示“平均數(shù);平均水平;一般水準(zhǔn)”;還可以作動(dòng)詞,表示“平均為;計(jì)算出……的平均數(shù)”。Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃abovetheaverage.去年是有記錄以來(lái)最熱的一年,比全球平均氣溫高了0.68度。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】anaverageof平均有on(the)average平均起來(lái)aboveaverage在平均水平以上belowaverage在平均水平以下uptoaverage達(dá)到平均水平averageout算出平均數(shù)Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicensereached200,000,an

average

of40,000peryear.去年畢業(yè)時(shí)就有駕照的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到二十萬(wàn),平均每年四萬(wàn)。On

average,thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries.美國(guó)平均每年有800場(chǎng)龍卷風(fēng),導(dǎo)致約80人死亡,1500人受傷。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式3

pare

v.

比較;匹敵;比喻;相比n.比較【課文原句】This,however,isnothingcomparedtothetrain.然而,這與火車比起來(lái)不算什么?！驹~匯精講】compare為動(dòng)詞,在該句子中表示“比較,相比”。Don’tcompareyourstrengthwithothers’weakness,whichismeaningless.不要拿自己的長(zhǎng)處和別人的短處做比較,這是沒(méi)有意義的。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】compare...with...把……和……相比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...和……相比(通常作狀語(yǔ))beyond/withoutcompare無(wú)與倫比,舉世無(wú)雙comparisonn.比較;對(duì)照;比喻incomparisonwith與……相比Ateacherisoftencompared

toacandle.That’sbecausetheirdevotiontoworkisbeyond/without

compare.老師常被比作蠟燭。那是因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)工作的投入是無(wú)與倫比的。Compared

toyourcontributionsourscountforlittle.與你們的貢獻(xiàn)比較起來(lái),我們的算不了什么。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式4.immediately

adv.即刻,馬上【課文原句】I’lljoinabeginner’sswimmingclassimmediately.我馬上就要參加一個(gè)游泳初學(xué)者班?！驹~匯精講】在該句子中immediately為副詞,修飾動(dòng)詞join,表示“立即,馬上”。

同時(shí)immediately還可以用作連詞,意為“一……就”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Thetelephonerang,andheanswereditimmediately.電話鈴響了,他馬上去接?！驹~匯拓展】immediateadj.立即的;直接的AsfarasIcansee,immediateactionshouldbetaken.依我看,必須立即采取措施。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【名師點(diǎn)津】immediately表示“一……就”,相當(dāng)于directly,instantly和assoonas,在它們所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Immediatelyyoubegintospeak,hegivesyouhisfullattention.你只要一開(kāi)始說(shuō)話,他就會(huì)全神貫注地聽(tīng)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式5.cause

n.原因,起因;理由,緣故v.導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生【課文原句】What’smore,heavyraininEasternEuropehascausedlandslidesandtheheatacrossSouthernEuropehascausedforestfires.此外,東歐的大雨導(dǎo)致了山體滑坡,整個(gè)南歐的高溫導(dǎo)致了森林火災(zāi)?！驹~匯精講】cause在該句子中為動(dòng)詞,表示“導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生”,相當(dāng)于leadto。同時(shí),cause還可用作名詞,表示“……的原因”。Joe’sabsencefromschoolwascausedbyillness.因?yàn)樯?喬沒(méi)有上學(xué)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】causesbsth給某人造成某種結(jié)果causesb/sthtodosth導(dǎo)致某人做某事;引起某物……causedamage/lossto對(duì)……造成損失、損壞thecauseof...……的原因causeandeffect因果Thepoorharvestcaused

prices

to

risesharply.收成不好導(dǎo)致價(jià)格急劇上漲。Drunkdrivingisoneofthemostcommoncauses

oftrafficaccidents.酒后駕駛是交通事故最普遍的原因之一。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式6.occur

v.

發(fā)生【課文原句】Expertssaythisbadweatherhasoccurredduetoclimatechange.專家說(shuō)由于氣候變化,這種糟糕的天氣已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。【詞匯精講】occur為不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“發(fā)生”。occur的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母,即occurred。Agoodideaoccurred

tomewhenIwokeupthismorning.今天早上醒來(lái)我突然想到一個(gè)好主意。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】sthoccurstosb某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssbthat...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosbtodosth某人突然想起做某事Itsuddenlyoccurred

tomethatwhilewetriedtoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,theyactuallytaughtuswhatlifewasallabout.我突然想起,當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D教我們的孩子們關(guān)于生活的一切時(shí),他們實(shí)際上卻教會(huì)了我們什么是生活的全部。Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongneverevenoccurred

toher.她根本沒(méi)有想到她可能會(huì)錯(cuò)?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】表達(dá)“發(fā)生”時(shí),occur與happen可以互換;另外occur,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout等表示“發(fā)生”的短語(yǔ)都不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式Looking

through

my

newspaper,I’m

shocked

by

photos

showing

that

a

hurricane

in

Asia

has

destroyed

a

town.瀏覽報(bào)紙時(shí)我被一些照片所震驚,照片上顯示亞洲的一場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)毀壞了一座城鎮(zhèn)?！揪涫狡饰觥縧ookingthroughmynewspaper為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ),showing為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作photos的后置定語(yǔ)。ThefilmwillbeshownthisSundayafternoon,lasting2hours,from4:00to6:00.這部影片將在本周日下午放映,持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí),從4:00到6:00。Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.近期這個(gè)醫(yī)院得到了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,使得更多的病人得到治療。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【句式拓展】(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況等,可相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。Findingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.=As/Becauseshefoundthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.發(fā)現(xiàn)這門(mén)課