河南省鄭州市2021屆高三階段性考試(三)英語試題(解析版)

2020～2021年度河南省高三階段性考試（三）英語考生注意：1.本試卷共150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.請將各題答案填寫在答題卡上。第一部分聽力做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.HowmanypeoplearethereinBob’sfamily?A.Five.B.FourC.Three.2.What’stheman?A.Ateacher.B.Amusician.C.Asalesman.3.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Gotothelibrarytogether.B.Takeanexamseparately.CReturnabooktogether.4.WhichisthebestseasontovisittheFragrantHills?A.Summer.B.Winter.C.Fall.5.Wherearethespeakerstalkingnow?A.Onthephone.B.Attheairport.C.Intheflight.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasworkedthewholemorning.B.Hehasplantedflowersinthegarden.C.Hehasmadenoodlesforhismother.7.Whatdoesthemanwanttoeat?A.Beef.B.Noodles.C.Tomatoes.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Brotherandsister.C.Motherandson.9.Whoisintheyard?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Theman’sgrandparents.聽第8段材料回答第10至12題。10.Whatthewomandoing?A.Lookingforasuitablejob.B.Interviewingtheman.C.Talkingwiththemanaboutherjob.11.Whatwastheman’spreviousjob?A.Amarketresearcher.B.Asalesmanager.C.Asalesman.12.Whatwillthemandonextweek?A.Workasamanager.B.GotoChinaforbusiness.C.Starthisjobinthenewcompany.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.14.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?A.Eatingsomethinghisroom.B.Packinghisluggage.C.Receivingthewomancustomer.15.Whenisthemangoingtocheckout?A.Aboutaquartertotwelve.B.Abouthalfpasteleven.C.Beforehavinglunch.16.Whatdoesthemanfeelabouthisstay?A.Disappointed.B.Satisfied.C.Bored.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howlongwillsunburnbeusuallyrecovered?A.Abouthalfamonth.B.Withinsevendays.C.Atleastsevendays.18.Howcanyoutreatyourslightsunburn?A.Bydrinkingsomeboiledwater.B.Byhavingwarmbath.CBytakingsomefoodswithVitaminE.19.Whatmightsunburnleadto?A.Skincancer.B.Gettingoldslowly.C.Turningblack.20.Whenmightyougetsunburntmoreeasily?A.At10am,June.B.At4pm,July.C.At3pm,August.第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ASongkranDuration:fromApril12to15,2020inPhuket(Thedatesvarydependingontheregions).Location:SongkranistheThaiNewYear.Theentirecountrygetsalotofdaysoff,andmostThaipeoplewillbegoingbackhometocelebrateSongkranwiththeirfamilies.Justexpectalotoftrafficjamsontheroadaseveryoneisoutonpick-uptrucks,throwingwaterateachother.Details:StaringintheearlymorningonApril13th,thewaterceremonywilltakemanyforms.Initially,youareonlysupposedtosprinkle(灑)yourfamilywithatinycupofwaterathome.It’sgoodluck.ThenyousprinkleastatueofBuddhaveryrespectfullyanddoalittlepray.Laterinthemorning,thegamestartstochange.Becausethisisthehottesttimeoftheyear,sprinklingeachotherwithwaterisalotoffun.AddalittlebeertothatandSongkranturnsintoacountry-widewaterwar.ItstartsrathergentlyinPhuketTownaround10am,turningtowaterdogfights(混戰(zhàn))intheafternooninPatong,KataandKaron,andendsfull-scalewetwarzoneinBanglaRoaduntillateatnight.SurvivalTips:★Don’tdriveabikeifyoucanavoidit.It’sslipperyandthetendencytocloseeyeswhenwateristhrownatyouisdangerous.★Getawaterproofcamera★Beawareofmajortrafficjamsintowns,mostlyinPatongBeach.★Don’tcarryanythingthatdoesn’tresistwater.★Don’twearexpensiveclothing.★Beawareofthesun!★Havefun!Don’ttakeittooseriously,it’sgood.1.WhydotrafficjamshappenduringSognkran?A.Theroadisslippery.B.Theentirecountrygetsalotofdaysoff.C.Thepeoplearethrowingwaterateachother.D.Everyoneissprinklinghisfamilyontheroad.2.What’sthefirststeptocelebrateSongkran?A.Doingalittlepray. B.SprinklingastatueofBuddha.C.Sprinklingfamilywithalittlewater. D.Sprinklingeachotherwithmuchbeer.3.WhichofthefollowingisrecommendedduringSongkran?A.Carryinganumbrella. B.Wearingcheapclothes.C.Bringingsomecash. D.Ridingabicycle【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了泰國的潑水節(jié)和參加潑水節(jié)的一些注意事項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Justexpectalotoftrafficjamsontheroadaseveryoneisoutonpick-uptrucks,throwingwaterateachother.”可知，因為每個人都在外面的皮卡車上相互潑水，所以道路上交通堵塞嚴重。由此可出，在潑水節(jié)期間發(fā)生交通堵塞是因為人們在相互潑水。故選C項。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Initially,youareonlysupposedtosprinkle(灑)yourfamilywithatinycupofwaterathome.”可知，一開始你應該向你的家人灑一小杯水。由此可出，慶祝潑水節(jié)的第一步是給家人灑點水。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SurvivalTips部分句子“Don’twearexpensiveclothing.”可知，不要穿貴的衣服。由此可知，在潑水節(jié)期間，推薦穿便宜點兒的衣服。故選B項。BFourdaysoffun,sunandcelebrities,aswellasnetworking,careerworkshopsandmentoring(指導),wereinstorefortwoLongIslandteenschosentotakepartinthe12thannualDisneyDreamersAcademy(DDA)atWaltDisneyWorldResortinOrlando,Florida.Chosenfromthousandsofapplicants,TiannaGonzalesofLakeGroveandKaiyaSimmonsofMillerPlacewerepartofagroupof100youngpeoplewhomarchedintheMagicKingdomparadeandmadeconversationwithAcademyAward-winningcostumedesignerRuthCarterandactorMilesBrown.BorninCharleston,SouthCarolina,KaiyaSimmons,14,movedtoMillerPlaceattheageof3.AninthgraderatMissPorterSchoolinFarmington,Connecticut,Kaiyasayssheenjoysacting,artandscienceandiscurrentlystudyingenvironmentalscience.“Itisfunlearningabouttheenvironmentanddifferentwaystohelpprotectit,”Kaiyasays,adding,“Iamalsolearningdifferenttechniquestoimprovemyactingonstageandinfilm.”Afterhighschool,KaiyahopestoattendYaleUniversityandundertakeacareerasadoctor.TiannaGonzales,a10thgraderatSachemNorthHighSchool,isinterestedinpsychologyandmusicandplayssaxophone(aninstrument)fortheschool’smarchingband,orchestraandband.Otherschoolactivitiesincludetrack,ModelUnitedNations,foreignlanguageandartclubhonorsocieties.“OnceIgraduate,Iplantoundertakeacareerinthefilmworld,hopefullyattendingNewYorkUniversityorNewYorkFilmAcademy,”shesays.“Throughstorytelling,wecanshapethiscenturytobeanevenstrongerattractionforsocietalchange.”TheDisneyDreamersAcademyisaimedathelpingtoinspireyoungpeopleduringacriticaltimeoftheirdevelopment,“Ourgoalistohelpthemseetheunlimitedpossibilitiesandtoinspirethemtoachievetheirfullpurpose—tobecometheheroesoftheirownstories,”saysTraceyD.Powell,vicepresidentofWaltDisneyWorldResort.4.WhatcanweknowaboutthetwoLongIslandteens?A.Theyexperiencedfourdaysoffuninastore.BTheycommunicatedcloselywithtwocelebrities.C.Theytookpartinacostumedesigncompetition.D.They’rerecognizedascelebritiesbythe12thannualDDA.5.WhatisKaiya’sdreamaftergraduating?A.Tobecomeamovieactress. B.Tostudyenvironmentalsciencefurther.C.Totakeupaprofessionasadoctor. D.ToreturntoherhometownMillerPlace.6.WhatcanbestdescribeTianna?A.Creativeandserious. B.Ambitiousandresponsible.C.Straightforwardbutfriendly. D.Determinedbutconservative.7.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.TointroducetheaimoftheDDA.B.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.ToencouragemoreteenstotakepartintheDDA.D.ToprovideinformationabouttheparticipantsoftheDDA.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了來自格羅夫湖的TiannaGonzales和來自米勒廣場的KaiyaSimmons被選中參加迪士尼夢想家學院活動的故事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Chosenfromthousandsofapplicants,TiannaGonzalesofLakeGroveandKaiyaSimmonsofMillerPlacewerepartofagroupof100youngpeoplewhomarchedintheMagicKingdomparadeandmadeconversationwithAcademyAward-winningcostumedesignerRuthCarterandactorMilesBrown.”（來自LakeGrove的TiannaGonzales和MillerPlace的KaiyaSimmons從數(shù)千名申請者中脫穎而出，他們是100名年輕人的一員，參加了魔法王國游行，并與奧斯卡獲獎服裝設計師RuthCarter和演員MilesBrown進行了交談）可知，這兩個青少年與兩位名人——服裝設計師RuthCarter和演員MilesBrown進行親密地交流。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Afterhighschool,KaiyahopestoattendYaleUniversityandundertakeacareerasadoctor.”可知，高中畢業(yè)后，Kaiya希望能進入耶魯大學，成為一名醫(yī)生，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““OnceIgraduate,Iplantoundertakeacareerinthefilmworld,hopefullyattendingNewYorkUniversityorNewYorkFilmAcademy,”shesays.“Throughstorytelling,wecanshapethiscenturytobeanevenstrongerattractionforsocietalchange.””可知，她說：“畢業(yè)后，我計劃進入電影界，希望能考上紐約大學或紐約電影學院?！薄巴ㄟ^講故事，我們可以讓這個世紀對社會變革產(chǎn)生更大的吸引力”，由此可推斷，Tianna是一位有志氣且有責任心的人。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheDisneyDreamersAcademyisaimedathelpingtoinspireyoungpeopleduringacriticaltimeoftheirdevelopment,“Ourgoalistohelpthemseetheunlimitedpossibilitiesandtoinspirethemtoachievetheirfullpurpose—tobecometheheroesoftheirownstories,”saysTracey”可知，迪斯尼夢想家學院旨在在他們發(fā)展關(guān)鍵時期，幫助激發(fā)年輕人，“我們的目標是幫助他們看到無限的可能性和激勵他們實現(xiàn)其全部的目標，成為自己故事的英雄”，特蕾西說，由此可知，本段的主要目的是介紹迪士尼的夢想家學院活動的目的。故選A?！军c睛】

CTherebuiltNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)couldfeatureafuturisticglassdesign,solarpower,andanurbanfarmthatsupportsvulnerableandhomelessParisians,ifonearchitecturefirm’svisionisrealized.InApril,FrenchPrimeMinisterEdouardPhilippeannouncedaninternationalcompetitionforarchitectstoredesignthecathedral’s19thcenturyspire(尖頂),whichfelldownafterafiredestroyedthe850-year-oldGothiclandmark.ParisfirmVincentCallebautArchitectures(VCA)respondedtothecallwithaneco-friendlydesignthatsupportsthelocalpopulationandproducesmoreenergythanituses.TheVincentCallebaut(VC)projectistitled“Palingenesis”,aGreekconceptofrebirthorrecreation.Thefilmproposesanewroofmadeofgalss,oakandcarbonfiber,whichconnects“inonesinglecurvedstrokeofpencil”totheslopingspire.Theroosterwhichtoppedtheoriginalspire,regainedfronttheremainsafterthefire,willresumeitswatchfromthenewglassdesign,whilethecathedral’schoirwillbe“bathedinnaturallight”.Beneaththespire,theroofwillhostafruitandvegetablefarmrunbycharitiesandvolunteers,inordertoproducefreefoodforvulnerablelocalpeople.“Upto21tonsoffruitsandvegetablescouldbeharvestedanddirectlyredistributedforfreeeachyear,”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Tothatend,afarmers’marketwouldbeheldeveryweekontheforecourtofNotreDame.”Theroofandspirewillalsoproduceelectricity,heatandventilation(aircirculation)forthecathedral:an“organicactivelayer”withintheglasswillprovidesolarpower,whiletheroof’sdiamond-shaped“scales”willopentooffernaturalventilation—adesigninspiredbytermitemounds(白蟻丘).Thespirewillatasaspaceinwhichhotairaccumulatesinwinter.“Howcanwewritethecontemporaryhistoryofourcountry,butalsothatofscience,artandspiritualitytogether?”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Weseektopresentasupremeproject,asymbolofalivelyandecologicalfuture.”IftheVincentCallebautdesignisselected,thefirmsaid,therebornNotreDamewilldefine“thenewfaceoftheChurchinthe21stcentury”,presenting“afairersymbioticrelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.”8.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthedesignofNotreDamebyVCA?A.Itisfocusedonthethemeof“green”.B.Itgetsthemostlocalsupportthantheothers.C.ItcanrecoverNotreDame’soriginalappearance.D.Itisfromthemostfamousarchitectaroundtheworld.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“resumeitswatch”inparagraph2mean?A.Bemadeofhigh-techmaterials. B.Showpeopletherighttimeagain.C.Beremovedandplacedsomewhereelse. D.OverlookNotreDameagainatitsoriginalplace.10.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theinspirationofthedesign. B.Thefunctionoftheroofandthespire.C.AdetailedintroductionoftheVCAproject. D.ThesymbolofNotreDameforthelocalpeople.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.ThefutureofthenewNotreDamelooksblack.B.TheproposalfortheNotreDamehasbeenapproved.C.TheVCAisconfidentaboutwinningthecompetition.D.ThenewdesignofNotreDamewillbeamixofhistory,scienceandart.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.D【解析】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了巴黎的一家名為VincentCallebaut的建筑公司對未來重建巴黎圣母院提出了自己的設計和構(gòu)想?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TherebuiltNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)couldfeatureafuturisticglassdesign,solarpower,andanurbanfarmthatsupportsvulnerableandhomelessParisians,ifonearchitecturefirm’svisionisrealized.”可知，重建后的巴黎圣母院將以未來主義的玻璃設計、太陽能和一個援助巴黎弱勢群體和無家可歸者的城市農(nóng)場為特色。可知，太陽能和一個援助巴黎弱勢群體和無家可歸者的城市農(nóng)場這些都具有綠色環(huán)保的特征，故VCA對巴黎圣母院的設計主題是“綠色環(huán)保”。故選A。【9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theroosterwhichtoppedtheoriginalspire,regainedfrontheremainsafterthefire,will”以及后文“fromthenewglassdesign”可知，在火災后從廢墟中找到的原塔頂?shù)墓u，在新設計中依然從原位置重新俯瞰（圣母院）。故畫線短語意思為“在原來的位置俯瞰圣母院”。故選D?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Beneaththespire,theroofwillhostafruitandvegetablefarmrunbycharitiesandvolunteers,inordertoproducefreefoodforvulnerablelocalpeople.“Upto21tonsoffruitsandvegetablescouldbeharvestedanddirectlyredistributedforfreeeachyear,”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Tothatend,afarmers’marketwouldbeheldeveryweekontheforecourtofNotreDame.”Theroofandspirewillalsoproduceelectricity,heatandventilation(aircirculation)forthecathedral:an“organicactivelayer”withintheglasswillprovidesolarpower,whiletheroof’sdiamond-shaped“scales”willopentooffernaturalventilation—adesigninspiredbytermitemounds(白蟻丘).Thespirewillatasaspaceinwhichhotairaccumulatesinwinter.”可知在塔尖下，屋頂上將有一個由慈善機構(gòu)和志愿者運營的水果和蔬菜農(nóng)場，為當?shù)厝鮿萑后w提供免費食物。該公司在一份新聞稿中表示：“每年最多可收獲21噸水果和蔬菜，并直接免費再分配?！睘榇?，每周都會在圣母院的前院組織一場農(nóng)貿(mào)市場。屋頂和尖頂也將為教堂產(chǎn)生電力、熱量和通風，玻璃內(nèi)的“有機活動層”將提供太陽能，而屋頂?shù)你@石形“鱗片”將打開提供自然通風——這一設計靈感來自白蟻丘。這個尖塔在冬天會成為熱空氣聚集的地方。由此可知，第三段主要介紹了VincentCallebaut對屋頂和尖頂?shù)墓δ茉O計。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Howcanwewritethecontemporaryhistoryofourcountry,butalsothatofscience,artandspiritualitytogether?(我們?nèi)绾渭饶軙鴮懳覀儑业默F(xiàn)代史，又能同時書寫科學、藝術(shù)和精神的現(xiàn)代史？)”可推斷，新的巴黎圣母院將會是歷史、科技和藝術(shù)的融合體。故選D。DAnewstudypublishedthisweekinthejournalNatureCommunicationshasconcludedthata100percentchangetoorganic(有機的)foodproductioninEnglandandWaleswouldactuallyleadtoagreatincreaseingreenhousegasemissions(排放).Inturn,thiswouldcontributetofurtherclimatechange.Althoughorganicfarmingdirectlypoursoutfeweremissionsthanconventionalfarming—around20percentlowerforcropsand4percentforfarmanimals—itproducesnotablylessfood.Astothisstudy’sfindings,totalorganicagricultureinEnglandandWaleswouldproduce40percentlessfood.Withlessfoodinthemarket,thecountrieswouldneedtoincreasefoodimports,whichwouldproducemoreglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Organicfarmingalsoincreasestheamountofabsorbingcarbon,aprocesswherecarbondioxide(CO2)is“absorbed”outoftheatmosphereandcapturedbyplantsandstoredinthesoil.However,evenatotalchangetoorganicfarmingwouldonlybeequaltoatinypartofthehigheremissionsfromoverseaslanduse.“Wepredictadropintotalfoodproductionof40percentunderafullyorganicfarmingprocess,comparedtoconventionalfarming,ifwekeeptothesamenationaldiet,”DrAdrianWilliams,leadauthorandreaderinAgri-EnvironmentalSystemsatCranfieldUniversity,saidinastatement.“Thisresultsfromlowercropquantity,becauseoutputislimitedbyalowersupplyofnitrogen,whichismainlyfromothercropsorsolidwastefromcattleonthegrassland.”Nevertheless,itisimportanttonotethatorganicfarmingstillholdssomeusefulbenefitsfortheenvironment,suchasreducingexposuretochemicalsandimprovingthevarietiesofcreatures.Inconclusion,thestudysuggeststhatorganicfarmingwillcontinuetoplayakeyroleinresolvingtheworld’senvironmentalproblems.However,it’sjustonepartofamuchwidersolution.12.WhatwilltotalorganicagriculturebringtoEngland?A.Moremainfood. B.Morespeciescrop.C.Morefoodimports. D.Morefreshoxygen.13.Howdoesorganicfarmingincreasetheamountofabsorbingcarbon?A.BytakinginCO2. B.BychangingCO2.C.BygivingoffCO2. D.ByproducingCO2.14.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thewaystoreduceorganicfarming. B.Theresultscausedbyorganicfarming.C.Thesolutiontotheenvironmentproblems. D.Theadvantagesoforganicfarming.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Organicfarming,greenfood B.Organicfarming,ourhopeinfutureC.Organicfarming,amistakewemade D.Organicfarming,adouble-edgedsword【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了有機農(nóng)業(yè)存在的弊端和優(yōu)點。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Withlessfoodinthemarket,thecountrieswouldneedtoincreasefoodimports,whichwouldproducemoreglobalgreenhousegasemissions.由于市場上的糧食減少，這些國家將需要增加糧食進口，這將產(chǎn)生更多的全球溫室氣體排放。可知，有機農(nóng)業(yè)自身產(chǎn)量不足，那就需要增加食品進口量。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句However,evenatotalchangetoorganicfarmingwouldonlybeequaltoatinypartofthehigheremissionsfromoverseaslanduse.然而，即使完全轉(zhuǎn)向有機農(nóng)業(yè)，也只相當于海外土地使用帶來的更高排放的一小部分?？芍袡C農(nóng)業(yè)也增加了對碳的吸收，在這個過程中，二氧化碳從大氣中被“吸收”進來，被植物捕獲并存在土壤中。故選A。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段Nevertheless,itisimportanttonotethatorganicfarmingstillholdssomeusefulbenefitsfortheenvironment,suchasreducingexposuretochemicalsandimprovingthevarietiesofcreatures.然而，必須指出的是，有機農(nóng)業(yè)仍然對環(huán)境有一些有益的好處，例如減少接觸化學品和改善生物的種類。可知，該段講述的是有機農(nóng)業(yè)仍然對環(huán)境有一些好處。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。文章介紹了有機農(nóng)業(yè)有一些弊端，但目前它還有很多優(yōu)點。它對環(huán)境有好處也有一定危害，所以它是一把雙刃劍。故選D?！军c睛】標題猜測題。主旨大意題的一種，標題應位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，或句子。確定文章標題，第一，標題要與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實或細節(jié)；第三，標題范圍不應太大或太??；最后，標題應新穎，概括性強并且精煉。小題4中D選項概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關(guān)，故選D項。第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inanancientfolktale,agiantrockblockstheentrancetoacarefilledwithtreasure.Adoorappearsonlyforthosewhospeakasecretphrasealoud:“Open,sesame(芝麻)!”____16____Passwordshavechangedeversince.Nowtheysafeguarddigitaltreasures,suchaspictures,messages,anddocuments.Butthereasonwhythephrasesexistisstillthesame:tokeepthewrongpeopleout.____17____Andwhentheycanfigureoutaperson’spassword,theycanaccessprivateinformation.Thisallowsthemtoplaypracticaljokes,suchaspostingthatinformationonline.____18____Therearepasswordstoavoidifyouwanttobesafeonline.Themostpopularlyusedpasswordis123456.Thisisthefirstguesshackerswillmake.Theywillthentrytousepublicinformationaboutapotentialtarget.____19____Hackerstypethisinformationintocomputerprogramsthatcanguessthetarget’spasswords.Oneofthebestwayskidscankeeptheirinformationsecureisbythinkingupstrongpasswords.Sohowcanyouinventapasswordthat’seasyforyoutorememberbuthardforsomeoneelsetoguess?____20____Forexample,alyricfromyourfavoritesong,orthetitleofabookormovie.It’sbestifthephraseisrelevanttoyourlifebecauseyou’llbelesslikelytoforgetit.Thentakethefirstletterorfirstcoupleoflettersfromeachwordinthatphrase,andbeginswitchingthoseletterstosymbolsornumbers.Usebothuppercaseandlowercase(大寫和小寫)letterstomakethepasswordeventrickiertocrack(破解).A.Youcanthinkofafunphrase.B.Thisisanearlyexampleofapassword.C.Thismayincludeadateofbirthorapet’sname.D.Youwillbenefitfrommakingyourpasswordsstronger.E.Nowonderyourinformationwasstolenacoupleoftimes.F.Inthedigitalworld,these“wrongpeople”arecalledhackers.G.Evenworse,thehackersmightusetheinformationtocommitcrimes.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.C20.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了密碼的變化以及怎樣設置安全的密碼?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Adoorappearsonlyforthosewhospeakasecretphrasealoud:“Open,sesame(芝麻)!””可知，房門只為那些大聲說密碼的人開設。而B項“這是密碼的早期例子”，是對上一句的總結(jié)概括。Open,sesame(芝麻)!對應earlyexample。故選B項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文Butthereasonwhythephrasesexistisstillthesame:tokeepthewrongpeopleout.可知密碼存在的理由還是一樣的，即不讓錯誤的人進入。而F項“在數(shù)字的世界里，錯誤的人被稱為黑客”，承接上文內(nèi)容。thewrongpeople是關(guān)鍵詞。故選F項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文Thisallowsthemtoplaypracticaljokes,suchaspostingthatinformationonline.可知，這樣讓他們可以玩一些惡作劇，如網(wǎng)上發(fā)布信息。而G項“黑客可能會利用這些信息進行犯罪活動”，承接上文內(nèi)容。informationonline對應usetheinformation。故選G項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)Themostpopularlyusedpasswordis123456.Thisisthefirstguesshackerswillmake.Theywillthentrytousepublicinformationaboutapotentialtarget.可知，黑客們第一次會試用密碼123456，然后嘗試用潛在目標的公共信息進行解密。而C項“這可能包括生日或?qū)櫸锏拿帧?，承接上文，是對上文的進一步解釋。adateofbirthorapet’sname對應上文中的publicinformation。故選C項。【20題詳解】根據(jù)Sohowcanyouinventapasswordthat’seasyforyoutorememberbuthardforsomeoneelsetoguess?可知，想出一個你很容易記住的密碼，但是別人難猜的密碼。而A項“你可以選一個有趣的短語”，承接上文，是對上文的解釋說明且承接下文。下文中的alyricfromyourfavoritesong,orthetitleofabookormovie.是對上文afunphrase的具體解釋。故選A項。第三部分語言知識運用第一節(jié)完型填空閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。RecentlywetookatriptotheSouthofFrance.Asmyparentsareboth____21____,theydecidedtotakemealongontheirartistresidencyprogram,____22____inthecharmingcityofArlesintheProvenceregion,whichisfamousasthetownwhereVincentvanGogh____23____someofhismostfamousworks.We____24____fromSwitzerlandonaFrenchtrain.Itranwellandwas____25____,andweeasilyfoundtaxis____26____outsidetheArlestrainstation.OurapartmentwaslocatedonRuedelaCalade,a____27____streetinthecenterofthecity.Itwas____28____—withstonefloors,well-keptrooms,andfriendlyneighbors.OurfirstdayinArleswas____29____walkingaroundandjustgettingafeelofthearea.Wehad____30____ourapartmentforthreeweeks!Thefirstday’s____31____wetookoutsideofArleswastoSt.Rémy,wherevanGoghonce____32____inamentalhospitalwhilestillpaintingsomeofhismostbeloved____33____.Todayyoucanvisitalltheplacesthathepaintedatalthoughtheyaren’tascompletely____34____astheyusedtobe.St.Rémyisabeautifullittletown,though—lotsofplacesto____35____.MyfamilyandItookadaytourtotheCamargue,anearbynature____36____,whichisFrance’swildwest,ourlastweekinArles.Wegotthe____37____wehadbookedthroughtheArlestouristoffice,whichcansometimesbe____38____.Thetourwas,althoughalittlelong,beautifulineveryway.IfintheSouthofFrance,I____39____recommendvisitingtheCamargue.Sooverall,ArlesandtheSouthofFranceisexcellent.____40____stoppingforsomedays!21.A.teachers B.artists C.officers D.doctors22.A.stayed B.stood C.located D.collapsed23.A.invented B.cited C.discovered D.painted24.A.arrived B.emerged C.parted D.escaped25.A.inturn B.invain C.onschedule D.onbusiness26.A.striking B.running C.passing D.waiting27.A.busy B.corporate C.modern D.remote28.A.awesome B.delightful C.peaceful D.ordinary29.A.spent B.wasted C.comfortable D.worth30.A.bought B.cleaned C.built D.booked31.A.bonus B.plan C.trip D.distance32.A.volunteered B.lived C.served D.died33.A.domains B.jewels C.treasures D.works34.A.unattractive B.unchanged C.unsure D.unpopular35.A.decorate B.dominate C.visit D.avoid36.A.preserve B.habitat C.base D.farmland37.A.awards B.tickets C.contracts D.envelopes38.A.helpful B.humble C.beneficial D.domestic39.A.quickly B.simply C.nervously D.highly40.A.Mean B.Like C.Try D.Hate【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.A30.D31.C32.B33.D34.B35.C36.A37.B38.A39.D40.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者與父母一起去法國旅游的情況。他們拜訪了梵高曾經(jīng)創(chuàng)作著名作品之地，游覽了迷人的阿爾勒以及法國南部的自然保護區(qū)。文章描述了自然風光之美以及作者依依不舍的情感?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因為我的父母都是藝術(shù)家，他們決定帶我去他們的藝術(shù)家駐地項目，這個項目位于普羅旺斯地區(qū)迷人的阿爾勒市，那里因為文森特·梵高曾創(chuàng)作過的一些著名作品而聞名。A.teachers教師；B.artists藝術(shù)家；C.officers軍官；D.doctors醫(yī)生。根據(jù)下文“theydecidedtotakemealongontheirartistresidencyprogram”可知，父母決定帶作者去參加他們的藝術(shù)家駐地項目，由此推知作者的父母是藝術(shù)家。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因為我的父母都是藝術(shù)家，他們決定帶我去他們的藝術(shù)家駐地項目，這個項目位于普羅旺斯地區(qū)迷人的阿爾勒市，那里因為文森特·梵高曾創(chuàng)作過的一些著名作品而聞名。A.stayed停留；B.stood站立；C.located位于；D.collapsed垮塌。設空處后為“inthecharmingcityofArlesintheProvenceregion”，可知此處表示的是地點，locatedin：位于……，符合語境。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因為我的父母都是藝術(shù)家，他們決定帶我去他們的藝術(shù)家駐地項目，這個項目位于普羅旺斯地區(qū)迷人的阿爾勒市，那里因為文森特·梵高曾創(chuàng)作過的一些著名作品而聞名。A.invented創(chuàng)造；B.cited引用；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.painted畫畫。梵高是畫家，他在這個城鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)作繪畫作品，使它變得出名。故選D項。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們乘法國火車從瑞士抵達阿爾勒市。A.arrived到達；B.emerged出現(xiàn)；C.parted分離；D.escaped逃跑。由文章后句“weeasilyfoundtaxis…outsidetheArlestrainstation”可知，作者他們到達了阿爾勒火車站，這說明作者他們從瑞士乘坐去法國南部的火車到達的那里。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：它運行良好準時，而且我們很容易在阿爾勒火車站外找到正在等待的出租車。A.inturn反過來；B.invain徒勞；C.onschedule準時；D.onbusiness出差。根據(jù)“Itranwell”可知，火車運行良好，由此推知它是準時到達的。故選C項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它運行良好準時，而且我們很容易在阿爾勒火車站外找到正在等待的出租車。A.striking打擊；B.running跑步；C.passing經(jīng)過；D.waiting等候。由常識可知，火車站外會有很多等待乘客的出租車。故選D項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的公寓位于RuedelaCalade，它是市中心一條繁忙的街道。A.busy繁忙的；B.corporate全體的，共同的；C.modern現(xiàn)代的；D.remote遙遠的。根據(jù)常識可知，市中心的街道應該是繁忙的。故選A項。28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它非常令人愉快，這里鋪著石頭地板，擁有整潔的房間，鄰居們也很友好。A.awesome令人驚嘆的，使人驚懼的；B.delightful令人高興的；C.peaceful和平的；D.ordinary普通的。根據(jù)下文的“withstonefloors,well-keptrooms,andfriendlyneighbors.”可知，這里方方面面的環(huán)境都很好，所以非常令人高興和愉快。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們在阿爾勒的第一天是四處走動一下，來對該地區(qū)有所了解。A.spent度過；B.wasted浪費；C.comfortable舒適的；D.worth有價值的。此處表示作者一行的第一天是在四周走走，感受當?shù)氐拈e逛中度過的，spendtimedoing：花費時間做某事。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們預定了三個星期的公寓。A.bought買；B.cleaned清掃；C.built建造；D.booked預定。由常識可知，旅行之前要訂好住宿的地方，本句的時態(tài)為過去完成時，即在阿爾勒的這套公寓是作者一家早就預訂好的。故選D項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：離開阿爾勒的第一天我們?nèi)チ耸ダ酌祝蟾咴?jīng)住在那里的一家精神病院，那時他還在畫他最喜愛的一些作品。A.bonus津貼；B.plan計劃；C.trip旅行；D.distance距離。由文章首段“RecentlywetookatriptotheSouthofFrance.”可知，作者一家是去旅行，因此選擇trip，表示第一天的“旅程”。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：離開阿爾勒的第一天我們?nèi)チ耸ダ酌?，梵高曾?jīng)住在那里的一家精神病院，那時他還在畫他最喜愛的一些作品。A.volunteered志愿做；B.lived生活；C.served服務；D.died死亡。根據(jù)“inamentalhospital”可知，梵高因為生病，需要住在醫(yī)院里。故選B項。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：離開阿爾勒的第一天我們?nèi)チ耸ダ酌?，梵高曾?jīng)住在那里的一家精神病院，那時他還在畫他最喜愛的一些作品。A.domains范圍，領(lǐng)地；B.jewels珠寶；C.treasures財富；D.works作品。由上文的“stillpainting”可知，此處是指梵高當時正在畫他的作品。故選D項。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，你可以參觀他畫畫時所在的地方，盡管它們并沒有像以前那樣完全不變。A.unattractive無趣的，令人反感的；B.unchanged不變的；C.unsure不確定的；D.unpopular不流行的。該句子表示梵高畫畫的地方隨著時間的推移也發(fā)生了一點變化，不會一模一樣了。故選B項。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不過，圣雷米是一個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)，有很多值得參觀的地方。A.decorate裝飾；B.dominate支配；C.visit參觀；D.avoid避免。由though表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知，St.Remy雖然小，但有很多值得參觀的地方。故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我和我的家人進行了一日游，參觀了附近的自然保護區(qū)Camargue，這是法國的狂野西部，這是我們上周在阿爾勒的行程。A.preserve保護區(qū)；B.habitat棲息地；C.base基地；D.farmland農(nóng)場。根據(jù)后文“wildwest”可知，Camargue是法國的西部荒野地區(qū)，即Camargue是自然保護區(qū)，合乎語境。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查名