新概念英語(yǔ)二冊(cè)超詳教案講義筆記Lesson+77++++A+successful+operation++一例成功的手術(shù)

Lesson77Asuccessfuloperation一例成功的手術(shù)【Newwordsandexpressions】（14）mummy n.木乃伊Egyptian adj.埃及的temple n.廟mark n.斑點(diǎn)plate n.（照相）底片disease n.疾病last v.持續(xù)prove v.顯示出resin n.樹脂skin n.皮膚section n.切片figure n.（人的）體形；人像normally adv.通常地survive v.幸免于★mummy n.木乃伊(英)(兒語(yǔ))媽媽mummies=mommy(美)木乃伊★Egyptian adj.埃及的Egyptiann.埃及人Egypt埃及Cairo（首都）開羅★temple n.廟廟eg.theShaolintemple少林寺(古代希臘，羅馬，埃及的）神殿eg.aGreektemple希臘神殿殿堂eg.thetempleofart藝術(shù)的殿堂(4)太陽(yáng)穴★mark n.斑點(diǎn)n.斑點(diǎn)，瑕疵eg.Herwetfeetleftmarksonthefloor.她的濕腳在地板上留下了印跡。n.記號(hào)，符號(hào)eg.makeamarkonthewallwithachalk用粉筆在墻上作記號(hào)punctuationmarks標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)n.分?jǐn)?shù)，得分=grade(美）eg.schoolmarks學(xué)校的成績(jī)getgoodmarksinEnglish英語(yǔ)成績(jī)很高gainhighmarksinmaths數(shù)學(xué)考試取得好分?jǐn)?shù)Onyourmarks!Getset!Go!(賽跑時(shí)的口令）各就各位，預(yù)備！起(跑)!v.做記號(hào)于…，留下痕跡于…，弄臟eg.Shemarkedtheimportantwordswitharedpencil.她用紅筆把重要詞匯作了標(biāo)記。afacemarkedwithworries面帶愁容v.留下痕跡，留下傷痕eg.Thisfloormarksveryeasily.這地板很容易留下臟痕。v.給…分，給…評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)eg.Theteachermarkedmorethan80exampapers.老師改了80多份試卷?！飌late n.（照相）底片(照相）底片（淺）盤，平盤碟dish通常指金屬制或陶瓷器的大盤子plate每人放置所分得的事物的盤子bowl碗saucer茶托；茶杯碟(菜的）一盤（份），一人份的菜eg.aplateofmeat一份肉Thedinnercost50dollarsaplate.這頓飯每人花費(fèi)50美元。相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：eg.haveaperson…onaplate輕而易舉地給（某人）=giveaperson…onaplatehavealotonone’splate(口)有很多（太多）該做的事=havetoomuchonone’splate★disease n.疾病eg.Heissufferingfromheartdisease.他患有心臟病。cureadisease治療疾病stomachdisease胃病dis(否定）+ease(安樂)疾病★last v.持續(xù)v.延續(xù)，持續(xù)eg.Ourvacationlasts20days.我們的假期持續(xù)了20天。TherainyseasonlastsuntilJuly.雨季延續(xù)到7月。v.耐久，支持eg.Thiscoathaslastedwell.這件外衣經(jīng)久耐用。Helastedforfivedaysunderground.他在地底下?lián)瘟?天。v.熬過…時(shí)候；度過，足夠維持到（某期間）eg.Thepatientisn’texpectedtolastthenight.沒有人認(rèn)為那位病人會(huì)熬得過晚上。Thefood/moneywilllastusthreedays.這些食物/錢夠我們用3天。lastout…足夠維持到…（期間），支撐eg.Thegasolinewon’tlastouttillwegettoNewYork.汽油不夠我們用到紐約了。lastingadj.持久的，連續(xù)性的eg.alastingpeace持久的和平★provev.顯示出v.證明，證實(shí)(togiveproofof,showtobetrue)（后面可跟從句、形容詞、名詞、不定式等）eg.Iwillproveittoyou.我將會(huì)證明給你看Hehasprovedhiscourageinbattle.他在戰(zhàn)役中證明了他的勇氣。Canyouprovethattothecourt?你能對(duì)法庭證明這一點(diǎn)嗎？ｖ．實(shí)驗(yàn)（totest)eg.Inordertoprovetheservant’shonesty,sheleftabagcontainingmoneyonthetable.為了試探仆人是否誠(chéng)實(shí)，她把一個(gè)裝有錢的包留在桌子上。v.顯示出，表明prove+adj.eg.Itprovesdifficulttodothejobbyherself.prove+tobe+adj.eg.Itprovestobeofn.證明eg.Ibelievewhatyousay:Idon’twantanyproof.我相信你的話：我不需要任何證明。adj.防…的，耐…的eg.Thistentmaterialisproofagainstwater.這個(gè)帳篷材料是防水的。n.+proofadj.防…的，耐…的eg.waterproof防水的bulletproof防彈的soundproof隔音的★resin n.樹脂raisinn.葡萄干（讀音接近）★skin n.皮膚(動(dòng)物或人體的）皮，皮膚eg.askindisease皮膚病Womenliketohavesoftskin.婦女都想擁有細(xì)嫩的皮膚。（從動(dòng)物體上剝?nèi)〉模┇F皮，毛皮eg.manyskinsneededtomakeafurcoat做一件毛皮大衣需要很多獸皮acoatmadeofsheepskin羊皮大衣(某些果實(shí)或蔬菜的）外皮，皮eg.bananaskins香蕉皮onionskins洋蔥皮相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：saveone’sskin逃命，免受損害getundersomeone’sskin使（某人）惱怒，惹怒（某人）skinandbone(s)瘦，皮包骨undertheskin在內(nèi)心里，在肚子里★section n.切片n.切片n.區(qū)域，部門，階層，段落，章節(jié)eg.thebusinesssectionofacity城市的商業(yè)區(qū)allsectionsofacountry全國(guó)各界allsectionsofthepopulation全國(guó)各階層sportssection體育版面(3)n.剖面，截面★figure n.（人的）體形；人像人像，畫像eg.Agroupoffiguresontheleftofthepicture.在照片左邊的一群人像。體形eg.doexercisestoimproveone’sfigure做運(yùn)動(dòng)以改進(jìn)身材。辨析：body人本身，畫家會(huì)使用body，表示身材figure身材，尤指穿上衣服而言eg.Shehasagoodfigure.她有好身材。Shehasabadfigure.她有壞身材。要人，名士(VIP)eg.HewasbothapoliticalandareligiousfigureinIndianhistory.他是印度歷史上政界和宗教界的要人。數(shù)字eg.cutquiteafigure露頭角，放異彩，儀表甚佳cutapoorfigure給人不好的印象，出丑，露拙相★normally adv.通常地通常地eg.Inormallygotobedearly,butIstayeduplatelastnight.我通常很早睡覺，但昨晚我熬夜了。正常地eg.behavingnormallyinspiteofanxiety盡管很擔(dān)心還是表現(xiàn)正常anormallyactivechild活潑正常的孩子normaladj.正常的，一般的eg.normalworkinghoursfrom9to59點(diǎn)至5點(diǎn)的正常工作時(shí)間normaltemperatures正常溫度（指人）正常發(fā)展的，身心正常的eg.anormalchildineveryway各方面都很正常的孩子normalizev.正常化(尤指國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系）eg.Relationswereslowtonormalizeafterthewar.戰(zhàn)后國(guó)家關(guān)系正?；苈??！飐urvive v.幸免于死里逃生，大難不死eg.Wesurvived,thoughothersdiedintheaccident.盡管其他人在事故中喪生了，我們死里逃生。經(jīng)歷…之后還活著eg.Wesurvivedtheaccident.我們幸免于難。Shesurvivedhersons.她的兒子都先她去世。survivorn.死里逃生者，生還者，殘存者survivaln.幸存，生還，死里逃生【Text】ThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.ThemummyisthatofShepenmutwhowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.Theonlywaytodothiswastooperate.Theoperation,whichlastedforoverfourhours,provedtobeverydifficultbecauseofthehardresinwhichcoveredtheskin.Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.TheyalsofoundsomethingwhichtheX-rayplatesdidnotshow:asmallwaxfigureofthegodDuamutef.Thisgodwhichhastheheadofacowwasnormallyplacedinsideamummy.Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.Theyfearedthatthemummywouldfalltopieceswhentheycutitopen,butfortunatelythishasnothappened.Themummysuccessfullysurvivedtheoperation.參考譯文死于公元前800年的一位埃及婦女的木乃伊剛剛接受了一次手術(shù)。這是曾在底比斯神殿里當(dāng)過歌手的賽潘姆特的木乃伊。由于在給這個(gè)木乃伊拍攝的X光片子上有點(diǎn)奇怪的斑點(diǎn)，所以，醫(yī)生們一直試圖搞清這位婦女是否死于一種罕見的疾病。搞清的唯一辦法就是手術(shù)。手術(shù)持續(xù)了4個(gè)多小時(shí)，非常難做，因?yàn)槠つw上覆蓋著一層硬硬的樹脂。醫(yī)生們從木乃伊身上取下一個(gè)切片，送去化驗(yàn)。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了X光片所沒有顯示的東西：一個(gè)蠟制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。這種牛頭人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊體內(nèi)。醫(yī)生們至今還未確定這位婦女的死因。他們?cè)鴵?dān)心在把木乃伊切開后，它會(huì)散成碎片，但幸運(yùn)得很，這種情況并未發(fā)生。這具木乃伊成功地經(jīng)受了這次手術(shù)?！菊n文講解】1、ThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.whodiedin800B.C.(定語(yǔ)從句）B.C.(BeforeChrist)公元前A.D.(AnnoDomini拉丁語(yǔ)）公元后B.C.=BeforeChrist公元前，放在年代的后面。D.公元，放在年代的前面,常?？梢允÷?。公元1066年：A.D.1066/1066A.D.haveanoperation接受手術(shù)operationn.[u]工作，操作eg.Theoperationofabignewmachinecanbehardtolearn.一部大型新機(jī)器的操作是很難學(xué)會(huì)的。performanoperationonsb.for…給…做手術(shù)eg.He’llperformanoperationonherforadiseasedlung.他要為她做肺部手術(shù)。n.[c]工作，行動(dòng)eg.beginoperations開展業(yè)務(wù)adifficultoperation一項(xiàng)艱巨的行動(dòng)2、ThemummyisthatofShepenmutwhowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.that指代上文當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的名詞themummy。在指代特指事物時(shí)，尤其是在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用that和those指代提到的事物。thatof和thoseof一般用于較正式的文體中。whowasonceasinger中who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾ShepenmutTempleofThebes底比斯神廟3、AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.takenofthemummy是過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾X-rayplatestaketheplatesof…給…拍片子takeapictureofsb.給…照相havebeentrying一直（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）findout查出，揭露eg.Iwon’ttellyou,youmustfindoutforyourself.我不會(huì)告訴你的，你必須自己去查出真相。揭發(fā)（惡行）eg.I’vefoundyououtatlast,youcheat!我終于把你揭發(fā)了，騙子！(美）尋找（某人）eg.tofindoutone’srelativesinChina尋找在中國(guó)的親戚find得知，發(fā)覺，查出eg.findtheanswertoaquestion找出問題答案Pleasefind(out)whattimetheyarecoming.請(qǐng)弄清楚他們什么時(shí)候來。IfindthatIhaveplentyoftimenow.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我現(xiàn)在有很多時(shí)間。die是瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能和段時(shí)間連用。要和段時(shí)間連用，就必須變成系表結(jié)構(gòu)bedead。die不能用bedoing形式。若用了bedoing，表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。dieof+內(nèi)因死于……eg.dieofhunger死于饑餓dieofafever死于高燒diefrom+外因死于……diefromawound死于外傷(在日常生活表達(dá)當(dāng)中，dieof和diefrom可以互換。）diebyone’sownhand自殺diehard(指舊觀念，習(xí)俗等）一時(shí)很難根除、消失4、Theonlywaytodothiswastooperate.way+of做……的方式（做定語(yǔ)）way+todo做……的方式（做定語(yǔ)）Theoperation,whichlastedforoverfourhours,provedtobeverydifficultbecauseofthehardresinwhichcoveredtheskin.whichlastedforoverfourhours中which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句whichcoveredtheskin中which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾hardresinprovetobe+adj.顯示出…=turnouttobe…skin皮膚leather皮革compexion膚色eg.Hardresincoveredtheskin.裹著皮膚的硬硬的樹脂。Thisbriefcaseismadeofleather.這個(gè)公文包是皮做的。Lookatherrosycheeks.Shehasalovelycomplexion.看著她玫瑰色的面頰，她的膚色太美了。Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.asectionofthemummy木乃伊的切片TheyalsofoundsomethingwhichtheX-rayplatesdidnotshow:asmallwaxfigureofthegodDuamutef.whichtheX-rayplatesdidnotshow中的which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾somethingwax蠟candle蠟燭awaxcandle蠟燭waxfigure蠟像eg.Thelightswentout,sowelitcandles.燈熄滅了，所以我們點(diǎn)燃蠟燭。（lightv.-lit-lit)Thisgodwhichhastheheadofacowwasnormallyplacedinsideamummy.whichhastheheadofacow中which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾god9、Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.howthewomandied中how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作decide的賓語(yǔ)what對(duì)名詞提問，how對(duì)副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提問。how在這里是對(duì)ofsth.提問的。要想用what提問，died后面加of。decidev.做出最終的判斷，對(duì)……下判決，解決（懸案）10、Theyfearedthatthemummywouldfalltopieceswhentheycutitopen,butfortunatelythishasnothappened.fearv.+（that)…擔(dān)心…，恐怕eg.Ifearwe’llbelate.我們擔(dān)心會(huì)遲到。forfear(n.)that…以免，因恐eg.Shutthewindowforfear(that)itmayrain.關(guān)掉窗子，以免下雨。falltopieces=gotopieces碎成碎片，散掉eg.Duringthestorm,theoldhousefelltopieces.Aftertwoyearstheirmarriagefelltopieces.cut…open切…開cut(拍電影時(shí)）停拍11、Themummysuccessfullysurvivedtheoperation.successfuladj.成功的【KeyStructures】一般過去時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)：過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或處于的狀態(tài)。eg.TheEgyptianwomandiedin800B.C..現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在存在的影響，或過去動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還能延續(xù)下去。eg.Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，通常表示動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行著，一直發(fā)生著。eg.Theyhavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.醫(yī)生一直試圖搞清楚這位婦女是否死于罕見的疾病?！維pecialDifficulties】B.C.andA.D.B.C.=BeforeChrist公元前（位于年代之后）TheRomansinvadedEnglandin55B.C.A.D.=annoDomini(=intheyeareoftheLord=sinceChristwasborn)公元前（位于年代之前）GeorgeIdiedinA.D.1727.Skin，LeatherandComplexionskinn.人體的