非謂語動(dòng)詞市賽

十、非謂語動(dòng)詞

功能形式主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補(bǔ)相當(dāng)詞類不定式(to＋v.)√√√√√√n./adj./adv.動(dòng)名詞(v.＋ing)√√√√n.現(xiàn)在分詞(v.＋ing)√√√√adj./adv.過去分詞(v.＋ed)√√√√adj./adv.2．動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨坝梅ň渥映煞钟梅ɡ?主語一般強(qiáng)調(diào)某特定的具體的或?qū)淼男袨?；?？捎胕t充當(dāng)形式主語；不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。ToreadEnglishnovelsisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowtousethecomputer.句子成分用法例句 賓語在一些及物動(dòng)詞，如demand，hope，decide，expect等后充當(dāng)賓語；?？捎胕t充當(dāng)形式賓語，在it與不定式之間夾個(gè)賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞常用think，believe，guess，suppose，feel，find等。Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.

Ihopetobeadmittedtoafamousuniversity.Ifounditnecessarytotalkwithhimagain.句子成分用法例句 表語

起名詞作用，表主語的內(nèi)容，回答主語“是什么”。

Hisjobtodayistocleanthefloorandsweeptheyard. 句子成分用法例句 定語

與被修飾的名詞之間常為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，或是動(dòng)狀關(guān)系等；

若被修飾的名詞是不定式動(dòng)作的工具，或是邏輯賓語，則要注意給不定式加相應(yīng)的介詞。

Heisalwaysthefirst/lasttocome.Ihavealotofworktodo.(Idothework.)Ihavealotofworktobedone.(Someoneelsewilldothework.)Wenowhavelittletimetoplayoutside.You'dbetterfindahousetolivein.Ihavenopentowritewith.句子成分用法例句 狀語

不定式在句中可充當(dāng)目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。Togetthereintime，hegotupearly.I'msorrytohearthebadnews.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Weareonlytoohappytoseeyou. 句子成分用法例句 賓語補(bǔ)足語

常置于及物動(dòng)詞(ask，tell，advise，expect，etc.)、感官動(dòng)詞(see，hear，find，etc.)、使役動(dòng)詞(make，have，get，etc.)及介詞(with/without,etc.)后。

注意有時(shí)to的省略及在被動(dòng)句中變?yōu)橹餮a(bǔ)時(shí)to的還原。

Theteacheradvisedustohavearestfirst.Ididn'tnoticethemcomein.Shewasseentoposttheletteryesterdayafternoon.Hecouldn'tgooutwithmuchworktodo.四V-ing分詞和V-ed分詞AV-ing分詞1．V-ing分詞即動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式及意義主動(dòng)被動(dòng)式一般式doingbeingdone一般式表示該動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行；完成式havingdonehavingbeendone完成式表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。句子成分用法例句表語表示主語的特性，常與連系動(dòng)詞be，get,become,look,feel,seem,grow,keep，remain等連用。ThefilmismoreexcitingthananythatI'veseen.Theworkwastiring.Thesituationisinspiring.

句子成分用法例句賓補(bǔ)

在句子中構(gòu)成“謂語動(dòng)詞＋O＋V-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)。常用在watch,see,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,have,leave等動(dòng)詞＋賓語之后。

Hekeptmewaitingforalongtime.Isawagirlrunningtome.Iheardsomeonecallingme.句子成分用法例句定語

若單個(gè)的V-ing作定語，置于被修飾的名詞之前；若V-ing短語作定語，則置于被修飾的名詞之后。這個(gè)定語往往相當(dāng)于一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(有時(shí)是一般時(shí)態(tài))的定語從句。Thereisawaitingtaxi(＝ataxiwhichiswaiting)aroundthecorner.→Thereisataxiwaitingforus(＝ataxiwhichiswaitingforus)aroundthecorner.TheoldladylivingnexttomyhousewasanEnglishteacher.→TheoldladywholivesnexttomyhousewasanEnglishteacher.句子成分用法例句狀語

一般用于表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況的狀語。Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.Beingill,Istayedathome.Seeingthatitwasraining,Tomputonhisraincoat.Thecarranatanamazingspeed,knockingintothewall.Turningtotheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.Hesatinthechair,readingChina

Daily.表一

動(dòng)作意義動(dòng)詞類別例詞完成被動(dòng)及物動(dòng)詞raised(raise)已經(jīng)提高被提高不及物動(dòng)詞risen(rise)已經(jīng)升起表二成分例句位置語法功能表語(1)Theglassisbroken.(2)Heisquitepleased.

在連系動(dòng)詞之后

(1)表主語的狀態(tài)

(2)表主語的心理感覺

定語

OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.(2)Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.

?單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語一般前置

?過去分詞短語作定語通常后置

相當(dāng)于一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句

成分例句位置語法功能狀語

(1)Seenfromthetopofthehill，thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.(2)Deeplymovedbythestory，theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.(3)Givenanotherchance，hewilldobetter.(4)Laughedatbymanypeople，hecontinuedhisstudy.(5)Theoldmanwentintotheroom，supportedbyhiswife.狀語的位置較為靈活，可視表達(dá)需要而定。(1)時(shí)間狀語(2)原因狀語(3)條件狀語(4)讓步狀語(5)方式狀語成分例句位置語法功能補(bǔ)語

(1)Youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.(2)Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.(1)賓補(bǔ)(2)主補(bǔ)五V-ing/V-ed分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)名稱形式作用例句動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)n.＋V-ingn.'s＋V-ingpron.＋V-ing通常作句子的主語、賓語。注意之點(diǎn)：(1)結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞(n.)可用普通格或所有格；代詞用人稱代詞(pron.)的賓格或形容詞性物主代詞。但是，若該結(jié)構(gòu)作主語置于句首時(shí)，只能用名詞所有格或物主代詞。(2)這種結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式仍是在V-ing前加not。It'snouseyourtryingtocheatme.Tom'shavingseenthemdidnotsurpriseus.Yourgoingtherewillhelpalot.Doyoumindme/myopeningthedoor？Excuseme/myinterruptingyou.Ihaveoftenheardofhim/hisworkinghard.Mary'snotpassingtheexammadeherfatherveryangry.名稱形式作用例句現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

n.＋V-ing

pron.＋V-ing

there＋V-ing

通常在句子中作狀語，表時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，V-ing前的代詞一般用主格。

Therainbeingover，wecontinuedtomarch.Theriverhavingriseninthenight，thecrossingwasimpossible.Weatherpermitting，we'llhavethematchtomorrow.Heguidingher，theywalkedthroughthewoods.T