2021屆寶山區(qū)高考英語二模

2021年上海寶山區(qū)高中二模英語II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank?Whoisresponsibleforchildhoodobesity(肥胖)？It'slunchtimeandsixth-graderOscarVillanovavisitsthevending(售賣)machine?Hepaysforanorangejuiceandsomecheesesticks,(21) hereallywantedsodaandchips.Hisschool.MildredAvenue,onlysellsschoollunchandhealthysnacks?Seventh-graderLeticiaBrown(22) (tell)byherdoctorthatsheneedstoloseweight.Herdoctorsaysexercisewillhelphercontrolherweightbutatschoolsheonlygetsphysicaleducationonceaweek.Manychildrensufferfromhealthconditions(23) arecausedormadeworsebytheirlifestyles?Childhoodobesityhasmorethandoubledinchildrenandfourtimesinadolescentsinthepast30years.Moreover,ratesofchildhooddiabetes(糖尿病)(24) (rise).Theseconditionscanputchildren(25) riskforheartdiseaseandothermajorkillerslaterinlife.Thesehealthissuesarecomplexproblemswithmanydifferentcauses?Eatingmealsout,watchinglotsofTV,andnotbeingactiveafterschoolcancausetoomuchweightgain.Buttherearemanythingschildrencando(26) (improve)theirhealth.Doctorssaytheprimaryfocusforchildren(27) beeatinghealthyfoodandgettingexerciseeveryday.Schoolsaregetting(28) (involve)insolvingtheproblem?Some,likeMildredAvenue,restrictthesnacksstudentscanbuy(29) areofferingmoregymclassestoemphasizetheimportanceofexercise?Someschoolsevensendhomehealthnoticeswarningparentsthattheirchildmaybeoverweight.TheseschoolsbelieveparentsshouldbeactingmoreresponsiblybyrestrictingchildrciVsdiets?Manyparentsgetangry,(30) (argue)thatschoolsshouldlimittheirfocustoteaching?Theybelievethattheyhaveprimaryresponsibilityfortheirchildren'shealth.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce?Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.uncomfortableB.criticallyC.balanceD.nonsenseE.temptationF.respondingG.effectivelyH.practiceI.demandsJ.reasoningK.deliveringEmbracetheruleofawkwardsilenceTheruleofawkwardsilenceissimple:Whenfacedwithachallengingquestion,insteadofanswering,pauseandthinkdeeplyabouthowyouwanttoanswer.Thisisnoshortpause;rather,itinvolvestakingseveralseconds(10,20orlonger)tothinkthingsthroughbefore_31_.AtApple,TimCookhasengagedinthc_32_foryears?Backin2008.aFortunearticlesaidthatinmeetings.Cookwas”knownforlong,_33_pauses,whenallyouhearisthesoundofhistearingthewrapperoftheenergybarsheconstantlyeats.MCookisn'taloneinembracingtheruleofawkwardsilence?SteveJobsoncetookalmost20secondstorespondtoapersonalattack,.34aperfectresponse?Theruleofawkwardsilencehasalwaysbeenvaluableasatoolofemotionalintelligencebecauseitallowsyouto_35_thoughtandemotioninsteadofsimplyreactingbasedonfeeling?Whythenileofawkwardsilenceismorevaluablethanever.Weliveinaworldthat_36_instantsatisfaction.Emailsshouldbeansweredonthesameday.Textmessagesshouldbeansweredrightnow.Butthere'samajorproblemwithallofthisimmediatecommunication:Itdoesn'tleavetimetothink?Asin.think_37_?Criticalthinkingcallsfordeepandcarefulconsiderationofasubject.Itinvolvesweighingandanalyzingfacts,andcareful_38.Anditresultsinmakinginsightfulconnections?Noneofthisispossiblewithouttime?Andtimehasbecomethebiggestluxuryontheplanet.Butwhenyouembracetheruleofawkwardsilence,youstealbacktime.Timethatusedtobewastedon_39_answers.So,thenexttimesomeoneasksyouachallengingquestion,orevenwhatseemsontheurejSojd心9AO39JXjoixubjnoXuoqiSuajjspueOAOjdunijim比屮ssnbiuqjajsaipojjogg—?pojsoj-qojBasojojeXaqioouejoiojssajjsippuu4A)inqixouoaijiuSoo爭U!UUB]dSuidooopniouisoidujsqjpojcpjpuu193uiposn—竹—SuidooOAijoajjajsouiaqi?ojqissodsbApjdiduioopueXjpidEjsbXjoixue31UO3J9AOtioXdpq[[!M—￡§—ojnsodxolupsdssiqi?tqo乙uisjjnsojJioqipoqsnqndoqA\sjoipjEOsojpuBsjsidBJoqijolupojeXq——sea\houiujesjOAijoiJjsajpajiEOQjnsodxQjojojnpooojdsaipojjojsouipuujsajujoqjXjddEuuonoX4Xj9ixuuiuojjjojjnsnoXjiK)9ixueuisuoijonpojSuijsbi-joouoiJoojej—jg—punJsjsEj屮OAiUEOojnsodxainq'djaqssqoEOjddu屮oq代屮moqsEjupjuoaajisoiusqiUA\opssip心[匕mwujeojjnoXnumPs[ejoqojJsjsEsipjosuoijoipsjdoiqiuojjnoXSuiaojcIJopiujjusjenoXiuqA\Suiouonodxs_OS—sisjnsodxgpiujjess訓(xùn)心代叩陰ojbnoK陀屮osjpojqie—6片01XjinqejnoKuioouopyuoooiiipnnqpup?XjojpjnooEojouisjpojqjSuijuniEAa^uiqjnoXA\oqSuiSuuqosiSuidoj-ojnsodxopuESuidoo:'g^AEqXpixuEouiipojjjojsaqoEOjddu193oa\j*Sui^EodsXipBOjg?SJPOXOqjJOAO—~JB9JJojpoiJlQAEqoaxsXemjsqjoaqijjepuu4sisXiuuEoqoKsd6s§njpum卩J9jpqs”jomhjuouijuajjKpixuu—臚soiu3屮sidao)XdujoqijpjoiAEqoq(胡盼。)aAiiiuSoojuqjSMoqsXijuojsisuooqojBOsoy?jopjosipXpiXUEUEOJUISIUJOJSUEJ1)1旬[jno.Cgt7puc。屮0叩S9LUO39qXjOIXUPUOl[M?ojnjnjoqiuiwa屮-frtrue/uojojsqjo4sno.ioSuEpKjoaXn?npEi.uoje比屮suopumisSupnp4joaosimu屮ejojjb:juojqjjeoje」0一￡片一3屮出sjsisjadi叫ijeojpoSuojojdsiKjaixuy?SuiUO^EOAXpUP'^t"Xjqip9J3UISIXpiXUE(豐]?叡)oiuojqojolujojq屮uijeojqonuioojmg?怦j屮euiojjAipmb焦mbuiijjo[匕\tunsjojiq§yo)snIt~4soupqUEiunqjojoujeajEAL\jnsjeojSs叫jjuoyoiussiquniBApuujejiijeubsijesj?JX3HIO33屮sjij)saqjuqissujqdjopjoa\aqiipiA\屮佗[qqovauiuyqput?□g*Vp^JBiusosBjqdjospjOA\jnoj9juaiQ屮FEgssedSui.^ouoj2屮出”uv[qipuojoj:suoijjojiqVuoyoossuoisuaqojdiuooSuipua^m?平QdsnoXojojoq^uiq)puedgfspjem^axejoojnjoqjsoEjquio'puaisuipuiui0)soiuoo)Bqjouiqjjsjijoqj屮!mpuodsoj0)—ot~Jsisojvuooidiuisuoqojooujjns

41.A?persuadingB.rememberingC.expectingD.preparing42.A.jealousB.painfulC.innoccnlD.conscious43.A.abstractB.existenceC.absenceD.continuation44.A.potentialB.essentialC.availableD.sustainable45.A.instmetsB.challengesC.stimulatesD.dominates46.A.effectiveB.objectiveC.invisibleD.significant47.A.pressureB.ignoranceC.anxietyD.depression48.A.describedB.emergedC.protectedD.supervised49.A.overlookB.simplifyC.remarkD.handle50.A.puiposefullyB.vigorouslyC.sincerelyD.passionately51?A.breaksthroughB.turnsdownC.resultsinD.worksout52.A.composedB.developedC.predictedD.symbolized53.A.commitmentB.evidenceC.assessmentD.process54.A.strategiesB.behaviorsC.responsesD.examples55.A.naturallyB.probablyC.highlyD.initiallySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements?ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread?(A)Peoplearemotivatedtodoactivitiesbymanydifferentfactors.Formethemainfactorsthatareinvolvedarecompetition,thedesireforachievinggreatness,thesatisfactionofcompletingprojects,andenjoyment.SinceIamatwin.asenseofcompetitionisdeeprootedinmybrain.Healthycompetitioncanpushustodofantasticthings?Itmakesusstriveforacertaingoalandgetsustodothingsfaster.However,Idonotthinkcompetitionshouldbecomeharmful.Whenanger,fmstration,anddepressionisaresultofcompetition,itisnothealthy.Yet,competitioncanbringaboutrespect,friendship,andmutualgain.Inthecasewithmytwinbrother,wehavepushedourselvestobegoodatsports,music,school,andevenatwork?Thiscompetitivespirithasleakedintomylifewithoutmytwinaround.Inasense,Ireproducemytwinbrotherinotherpeople?IalwaystrytobenumberoneatwhateverIdo-oratleastinthetopthree.Therearetimesthisattitudebecomesunhealthy,asIgetfnistratedifIgiveeverythingtoacompetitionoractivityandproduceonlyaverageresults.Butastheyearspassed?Ihavegottenbetterathandlingfailureanddefeat.Allinall,IthinkIfinishanddowellinmanyareasofmylifeforthesimplefactthatIwanttodowellinthem.Thefeelingofdoingwellagainstcompetentopponentsissatisfying.Ienjoythefeelingofcompletinganimportantproject.Forinstance,lastyear,Ifinishedapoetrycollectionwithmylatefather'spoemsandmyownpoems.Itwasanhonortohimandhiswork.Inaway,Ifeltthathisdeathwasnotinvainandthathisworkwasprovedevenmorethroughthiscollection.Ilishardtodescribethemomentofknowingwhensuchanimportantprojectissettorest:itisalmostlikeyouarereadytodie.Yousensethatachapterofyourlifehasclosedandyouarenowanewperson.Thesedeepemotionsmotivatemetocompleteprojectsonaregularbasis?Thesimplestfactorthatmotivatesmetodosomethingisenjoyment.Therearepeoplewhodoactivitiestheydonotenjoyfordecades?Iamnotoneofthosepeople?IcanworkontasksIdonotlikeforawhile,butintheend,mymainfocusshouldbeonsomethingthatIenjoy.IfIfindjoyindoingacertainwork?Iengageinitforalargepartoftheday,orevenalldaywithouttiring.Tirednessinmostcases?inmylife,isduetoalackofenjoymentintheworkbeingdone?Eachpersonhashisorherownmotivatingfactors.Ihopethisreflectionhasallowedyoutodipdeeperintoyourtmenature?Theauthormentionshistwinbrother(Paragraph1)toshow thepeerofcompetition B.therootcauseofcompetitionC.thecompetentopponent D.thecompetitivepartnerBythepoetrycollection,theauthorintendsto ?honorhisfatherandhimselfforyearstocomedescribethesenseofachapterofhisnewlifeallowhisfathertorestandgethimselftoreadytodieappreciatethesatisfactionofcompletingprojectsWhatattitudedoestheauthortaketowardstasks?Hefeelsangry,frustratedanddepressedinhistasks?Heenjoysthetasksthatotherpeoplearereluctanttodo.Heworkswithouttirednessifhetakespleasureintasks?Heusuallylacksenjoymentinthetasksbeingdone?Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?Motivation B.Competition C.Reflection D.Satisfaction(B)TheClassicroadtripismorepopularthanever.Hereareseveralplacestohittheopenroad.Colo-roadTripsTheColoradoTourismOfficehasmadeiteasyforroad-tripperstoexplorethestale's24ScenicHistoricByways?Anewmicrositeincludesaninteractivemapthatenablestravelerstoexploreoptionsbyregion,interestorseason.Travelersseekinginspirationcanalsoaccessinsidertipsandside-tripsuggestionswithinmorethan150Colo-roadTripitineraries.Theflexibleitinerariesoffersuggestionsforhistoricattractions,activeadventuresandhighlightculturalopportunities.TlieBear-toothHighwayVisitorswhotravelthisextraordinarypathexperiencethevisuallandscapeofMontana.WyomingandYellowstonePark,hometotheAbsarokaandBear-toothmountains?Thewindy,cliff-hugging68-milestretchintroducesroadexplorerstooneofthemostdiverse(多樣的)ecosystemsaccessiblebyauto.Amazinglybeautiful,thisAll-AmericanRoaddisplaywidehighlands.paintedwithpatchesoficebluelakes,forestedvalleys,waterfallsandwildlife?SewardHighway,AlaskaTheroadthatconnectsAnchoragetoSewardisa127-miletreasure,includingnaturalbeauty,wildlifeandstoriesofadventureandendurance?Takeadayorseveraltoexploretheregionthathasearnedthree-foldrecognitionasaForestServiceScenicByway,anAlaskanScenicBywayandanAll-AmericanRoad.ThedrivebeginsatthebaseoftheChugachMountains,hugsthescenicshoresofTurn-againAnnandwindsthroughminingtowns,nationalforestsandfishingvillagesasyouimaginehowexplorers,furtradersandgoldprospectorsmighthavefaredbackintheday.Expectwaterfalls,glaciers（；水丿I丨）,eagles,moose（駝鹿）andsomegoodbearstories?TlieLighthouseTrail,MaineTravelsthe375milesbetweenKitteryandCalais.Maine,visitinglighthousesalongtheway,andlearnaboutthedangersthatseagoingboatsandtheircrewenduredalongtherockyNortheasterncoast.Heartalesofshipwrecks（海灘）andofthedifficultandlonelylifeledbythosewhokeptthelightsburningbrightly.Ifpossible,visittheMaineLighthouseMuseuni,whereartifactsandhands-onexhibitsforchildrenprovideanattractivebreak.Whatisspecialabouteachplacementionedabove?TouristsofColo-roadTripsareprovidedwithadaptableplanoftrip?VisitorstotheBear-toothHighwaycanenjoytheautodisplay.DriversalongSewardHighwaycanappreciatethetreasureunderground?TheLighthouseTrailofferstravelersseagoingboatstorowinthesea?Whichplacefavorskidsaccordingthepassage?Colo-roadTrips. B.TheBear-toothHighway?C.SewardHighway,Alaska? D.TheLighthouseTrailMaine.Thebesttitleforthepassageis ?A.StoriesofadventurealongroadtripsB.AmericanpopularroadtripsC.Recognitionforclassicplaces D.All-Americanhighwayjourney（C）AccordingtoOxfordDictionaries,moralitymeans:"Principlesconcerningthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongorgoodandbadbehavior/'Thoughmoralityisarathersubjectivesubject,therearesomeprinciplesthatareuniversalacrossallculturesfoundbyanOxfordUniversitystudy:"helpyourfamily,helpyourgroup.returnfavors,bebrave,obeysuperiors?divideresourcesfairly,andrespectothers*property1'?Thefactthatthesemoralsarefoundacross60culturesfromaroundtheworlddemonstratesthatmorality,thoughsubjective?isthecornerstoneofkeepingoursocietiestogether.Herearesomereasonstobemoral:withoutmorality,asociallifeisalmostimpossibletomaintain;havingagoodreputationandhavingaclearconscienceispsychologicallyhealthy;andmostphilosophiesregardunselfishandprincipledbehaviorasimportant.Thereisnodoubtthatwithoutmorals,asocietycannotfunctioneffectively.Aconfusedsituationwouldappear.AccordingtotheSocietyofMorality,nWearcsocialanimals,andtheactionswetake?thethingswedoandthethingswedon'tdo?haveconsequencesonourenvironmentsandontheothersaroundus.Asaresult,weneedtobeabletogovernourbehaviorintheneartermsoasnottoinjureourselvesorourcommunityinthelongterm.Thissystemofcontrollingouractionsandourthoughtsinordertooperateinacommunityiswhatweoftenrefertoasmorality’?Therefore,weneedasetofmoralsinordertooperatewithinasocialcircleandasocialenvironment.Actingimmoralusuallyresultsinbeingexcludedfromsocialactivitiesorbeingavoidedbyasocietybasedonlawsandculturalstandards?Besidesactingmoralhavingasociologicalneed?italsohasapsychologicalbasis.Mostpeoplearcconcernedtosomeextentabouttheirreputation?AccordingtoPsyPost,HAlotofeconomicmodelsofhumanbehaviorassumethatpeopleareonlyrational（理性的）whentheynarrowlypursuetheirownself-interest,buthistoryshowsusthatpeoplearealsotremendouslyconcernedwithbeingandappearingmoral'*.So,thefearofone'sreputationbeingdamagedisoftenastrongmotivatortobemoral.Andifsomeonehasbeenimmoral,mostpeoplegooutoftheirwaytomakesurenoonefindsout,ortocorrectthebehaviorinordertonotbecaught.Thisgoesinlinewithconscienceaswell.Peoplegenerallyfeelinabetterpsychologicalstateiftheyfeelthattheirconscienceisclean.Adirtyconsciencecanresultinalackofsleep,anxiety,internalstress,andevenillness?Onthesideofphilosophy,thestudyofethics（倫理）comesintoplay.Mostphilosophersagreethatoneshouldrationallychooseasetofstandardsofbehaviorinordertofunction.Tlioughthereismoralrelativism,thereareuniversalanthropological（人類學(xué)的）morals,asmentionedintheintroduction.Bythenatureofoursocietiesandcultures,wechoosewhatwebelieveisrightandwrong.Butsurprising,thisrationalbehaviorcomestoageneralagreementonmorals?So,thereisafinelinebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Butthemainthingtotakeawayfromthisdiscussionisthatphilosophersgenerallybelievethat3eachindividualhastherighttorationallycomeupwithasetofethicstoliveby,andthatitishealthytodoso.Theauthordiscussesmorality(ParagraphI)inorderto ?explaintherelationshipbetweenmoralityandculturedescribethemoralrulesfoundallaroundtheworldcontrastthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongintroducethedefinition,principlesandreasonsofmoralityItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat ?actingmoralallowsustofitintogroupsbettermoralitybringsthesystemofcontrollingbehaviorsactingimmoralweakenslawsandculturalstandardsOurcontrolledbehaviorsestablishsetsofmoralsWhichofthefollowingisthepsychologicalbasisforactingmoral?A.Pursuitofself-interest. B.Acleanconscience?C.Theconcernaboutreputation. D.Adirtyconscience?Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?Toreachageneralagreementonmoralsbasedonethics?Tocarveone'sownsenseofetliicstooperateiiithisworld?Tochoosebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Toexcludephilosophers'beliefsandsolutionsaswell.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully?Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce?Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TherobotsalsocarriedaniPadthatallowedforremotevideocommunicationwithahealthcareprovider.Upto30percentoftheparticipantsreportedthattheywereconcernedwiththeroboticsystem.C?Researchers&oinNUTandBrighamandWomen'sHospitalrecentlysetouttoanswerthatquestion?Currentlytheprocessrequiresseveralpeopletoperform.However,thequestionstillremainedwhetherpatientswouldbereceptivetothistypeofinteraction.Theresultsofthisstudygiveussomeconfidencethatpeoplearereadyandwillingtoengagewithusonthosefronts?TheroboticdoctorwillseeyounowIntheageofsocialdistancing,usingrobotsforsomehealthcareinteractionsisapromisingwaytoreducein-personcontactbetweenhealthcareworkersandsickpatients?However,akeyquestionthatneedstobeansweredishowpatientswillreacttoarobotenteringtheexamroom.(67) ?InastudyperformedintheemergencydepartmentatBrighamandWomen's.theteamfoundthatalargemajorityofpatientsreportedthatmteractmgwithahealthcareproviderviaavideoscreenfixedonarobotwassimilartoanin-personinteractionwithahealthcareworker.^We'reactivelyworkingonrobotsthatcanhelpprovidecaretomaximizediesafetyofbotlithepatientandthehealthcareworkforce?(68) .1nalargeronlinesur\feyconductednationwide,wealsofoundthatamajorityofrespondentswereopentohavingrobotsperformminorproceduressuchastakinganoseswab(拭子)saysGiovanniTra\-erso,anMITassistantprofessorofmechanicalengineering,andtheseniorauthorofthestudy.AftertheCovid-19pandemicbeganearlylastyear.Traversoandhiscolleaguesturnedtheirattentiontowardnewstrategiestominimizeinteractionsbetweenpotentiallysickpatientsandhealthcareworkers?Tothatend.theyworkedwithBostonDynamicstocreateamobilerobotthatcouldinteractwithpatientsastheywaitedintheemergencydepartment.Therobotswereequippedwithsensorsthatallowthemtomeasurevitalsigns,includingskintemperature,breathingrate,andpulserate?(69) .Thestudysuggeststhatitcouldbeworthwhiletotrytodeveloprobotsthatcanperformproceduresthatcurrentlyrequirealotofhumaneffort,suchasturningapatientoverinbed.theresearcherssay.TurningCovid?19patientsontotheirstomachshasbeenshowntoimprovetheirbloodoxygenlevelsandmakebreathingeasier.(70) ?AdministeringCovid?19testsisanothertaskthatrequiresalotoftimeandeffortfromhealthcareworkers,whocouldbearrangedforothertasksifrobotscouldhelpperformswabs?SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words?Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible?WhatMakesanIdealFriend?Tosaywhatanidealfriendisisnottheeasiestthingtodo.Eachpersonhashisorherownopinionofwhatonewouldbe.However,speakinggenerally,thesearecertainfeaturesthatmostpeopleconsidercharacteristicofanidealfriend?Loyal,trustworthy,andopentoshowweaknessarecommonqualitiesthatthemajorityofpeopleattachtoidealfriends?Loyaltyisausualqualitygiventoidealfriends.AccordingtoPsychologyToday,"Loyaltyisvaluedearlyoninallofourrelationships,fromthetimewemakeourfirstfriendships?Weneedfriendswhowontspilloursecretstoothers,gossipaboutus,orallowotherstocriticizeus"Theworstactionbemreenfriendsisnotkeepingone'sword.Idealfriendsarcalsousuallyreferredasbeingtnistworthy.InastatementbyPsychologyToday,theysaythat,"Trustworthuiessisoftenthe"makeorbreak"elementinanyinterpersonalrelationship?Anyunfaithfulaction,regardlessofrecognizeddegree,candestroyarelationship.Tnistworthinessconsistsofseveralelements,includinghonesty,dependability,andloyalty,andwhileeachisimportanttosuccessfulrelationships,honestyanddependabilityhavebeenidentifiedasdiemostvitalintheareaoffriendships\Inlightoftliis,auniversalcomplaintoffriendsisalackofhonesty,andthisisattheheartofbeingtrustworthy.Inlinewithbemghon