腸道菌群與代謝疾病

腸道菌群與代謝疾病目錄腸道菌群與健康和疾病概述腸-腦軸腸-肝軸腸道菌群與代謝性疾病：肥胖、糖尿病腸道菌群與腸病腸道菌群與免疫腸道菌群與其它疾病革命帶來的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇悄悄發(fā)生的革命一篇值得關(guān)注的綜述人菌共生人腸道菌群種類和數(shù)量EAMONNM.M.QUIGLEYandRODRIGOQUERA,SmallIntestinalBacterialOvergrowth:RolesofAntibiotics,Prebiotics,andProbiotics.GASTROENTEROLOGY2006;130:S78–S90好細(xì)菌和壞細(xì)菌菌群是健康的核心腸道菌群對人生理的影響腸道菌群-代謝產(chǎn)物-功能JeremyK.Nicholsonetal.,Host-GutMicrobiotaMetabolic.Science336,1262-1267,2012.影響腸道菌群的因素影響腸道菌群的因素腸-腦軸/腦-腸軸GermFree(GF)MiceDisplayIncreasedMotorActivityandReducedAnxiety-LikeBehavior.resultssuggestthatthemicrobialcolonizationprocessinitiatessignalingmechanismsthataffectneuronalcircuitsinvolvedinmotorcontrolandanxietybehavior.腸-腦軸的概念腦-腸軸/腸-腦軸：迷走神經(jīng)腸腦軸/腦腸軸菌群影響神經(jīng)功能菌群紊亂致焦慮和抑郁精神活動(dòng)影響腸道菌群exposuretopsychologicalstressresultsinasignificantreductionintheproductionofmucinandadecreasedpresenceofacidicmucopolysaccharidesonthemucosalsurface.應(yīng)激/壓力引起胃腸疾病腦腸軸紊亂導(dǎo)致潰瘍應(yīng)激導(dǎo)致IBDP.C.KONTUREK,etal.,STRESSANDTHEGUT:PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,CLINICALCONSEQUENCES,DIAGNOSTICAPPROACHANDTREATMENTOPTIONS.JPHYSIO&PHARM2011,62,6,591-599.應(yīng)激導(dǎo)致IBS慢性疲勞與腸-腦軸腸道菌群和自閉癥GIbarrierdefectsandmicrobiotaalterationsinthematernalimmuneactivation(MIA)mousemodelthatisknowntodisplayfeaturesofASD.OraltreatmentofMIAoffspringwiththehumancommensalBacteroidesfragiliscorrectsgutpermeability,altersmicrobialcomposition,andamelioratesdefectsincommunicative,stereotypic,anxiety-likeandsensorimotorbehaviors.autism,andlikelyotherbehavioralconditions,arepotentiallydiseasesinvolvingthegutthatultimatelyimpacttheimmune,metabolic,andnervoussystems,andthatmicrobiome-mediatedtherapiesmaybeasafeandeffectivetreatmentfortheseneurodevelopmentaldisorders.thesefindingssupportagut-microbiome-brainconnectioninamousemodelofASDandidentifyapotentialprobiotictherapyforGIandparticularbehavioralsymptomsinhumanneurodevelopmentaldisorders.ElaineY.Hsiao,etal.,MicrobiotaModulateBehavioralandPhysiologicalAbnormalitiesAssociatedwithNeurodevelopmentalDisorders.Cell155,1451–1463,腸-腦軸和自閉癥腸-肝軸1998年馬歇爾提出了“腸-肝軸”的概念對腸道和肝臟功能關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)提示新的治療理念,為腸道和肝臟疾病的治療探尋新的治療靶點(diǎn)。腸-肝軸之間的互動(dòng)腸道菌群失調(diào)，大量G-桿菌繁殖,LPS產(chǎn)生顯著增多腸粘膜屏障功能受損

致病菌和LPS大量移位，經(jīng)門靜脈入肝，損害肝功能。肝功能異常KCs代謝和清除LPS降低，導(dǎo)致腸道功能異常腸肝對話腸道菌群致非酒精性脂肪肝腸道菌群導(dǎo)致脂肪肝肝臟疾病和SIBO腸道菌群與代謝性疾病腸道菌群增加能量儲(chǔ)存NathalieM.Delzenne&PatriceD.Cani,InteractionBetweenObesityandtheGutMicrobiota:RelevanceinNutrition.Annu.Rev.Nutr.2011.31:15–31.腸道菌群導(dǎo)致能量聚集腸道菌群引發(fā)多種代謝疾病腸道菌群和肥胖腸道菌群和肥胖是一個(gè)新的熱門話題肥胖的定義肥胖病一般被定義作為有BMI30以上。體重將近900磅(約400公斤)的里基(RickyNaputi)現(xiàn)年39歲，是世界最重的男子之一。因?yàn)轶w型過于笨重而難以移動(dòng)，他已經(jīng)在坐落于太平洋關(guān)島的家中躺了五年之久。肥胖和正常人AmandineEverard&PatriceD.Cani,Diabetes,obesityandgutmicrobiota.BestPractice&ResearchClinicalGastroenterology27(2013)73–83.史氏甲烷短桿菌和肥胖為了確定腸道菌群的改變和驗(yàn)證人體腸道中的乳桿菌或雙歧桿菌是否與肥胖或消瘦相關(guān)，我們采用定量PCR和乳桿菌選擇性培養(yǎng)基分析了68位肥胖志愿者和47位對照的糞便菌群中硬壁菌、擬桿菌、乳酸乳球菌、動(dòng)物雙歧桿菌和若干乳桿菌種的數(shù)量。結(jié)果：定量PCR試驗(yàn)中，動(dòng)物雙歧桿菌(OR=0.63;95%CI0.39-1.01;P=0.056)和史氏甲烷短桿菌(OR=0.76;95%CI0.59-0.97;P=0.03)與正常體重相關(guān)，而羅伊氏乳桿菌(OR=1.79;95%CI1.03-3.10;P=0.04)與肥胖相關(guān)。產(chǎn)甲烷肥胖的人有較高的身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)58人，BMI顯著較高的甲烷陽性者（45.2±2.3公斤/米2）比甲烷陰性（38.5±0.8公斤/米2，P=0.001）。甲烷陽性者也有更大程度的便秘與甲烷相比，陰性者（21.3±6.4比9.5±2.4，P?=.043）。多元回歸分析說明了BMI甲烷之間有顯著的關(guān)系。結(jié)論：這是人類第一次有研究表明，較高濃度的甲烷檢測呼氣測試是預(yù)測顯著更大的肥胖超重者。B.Basseri等，肝臟病雜志胃腸病學(xué)雜志，2012年1月8（1）：22-28美國Cedars-Sinai醫(yī)學(xué)中心腸道菌群致肥胖原因ValentinaTremaroli&FredrikB?ckhed,Functionalinteractionsbetweenthegutmicrobiotaandhostmetabolism.NATURE|VOL489|13SEPTEMBER2012腸道菌群致肥胖原理JOHNK.DIBAISE,etal.,GutMicrobiotaandItsPossibleRelationshipWithObesity.MayoClinProc.2008;83(4):460-469.不同胖瘦人群腸道菌群數(shù)量腸道菌群和糖尿病腸道菌群和I型糖尿病腸道菌群和I型糖尿病腸道菌群和II型糖尿病Assessmentandcharacterizationofgutmicrobiotahasbecomeamajorresearchareainhumandisease,includingtype2diabetes,themostprevalentendocrinediseaseworldwide.Tocarryoutanalysisongutmicrobialcontentinpatientswithtype2diabetes,wedevelopedaprotocolforametagenome-wideassociationstudy(MGWAS)andundertookatwo-stageMGWASbasedondeepshotgunsequencingofthegutmicrobialDNAfrom345Chineseindividuals.Weidentifiedandvalidatedapproximately60,000type-2-diabetes-associatedmarkersandstablishedtheconceptofametagenomiclinkagegroup,enablingtaxonomicspecies-levelanalyses.MGWASanalysisshowedthatpatientswithtype2diabeteswerecharacterizedbyamoderatedegreeofgutmicrobialdysbiosis,adecreaseintheabundanceofsomeuniversalbutyrate-producingbacteriaandanincreaseinvariousopportunisticpathogens,aswellasanenrichmentofothermicrobialfunctionsconferringsulphatereductionandoxidativestressresistance.Ananalysisof23additionalindividualsdemonstratedthatthesegutmicrobialmarkersmightbeusefulforclassifyingtype2diabetes.JunjieQin,etal.,Ametagenome-wideassociationstudyofgutmicrobiotaintype2diabetes.Nature490,55–60(04October2012)腸道菌群和II型糖尿病JunjieQin,etal.,Amet