一種橡膠黏彈性阻尼器性能試驗(yàn)及理論模型研究

一種橡膠黏彈性阻尼器性能試驗(yàn)及理論模型研究摘要：本文研究了一種橡膠黏彈性阻尼器的性能試驗(yàn)及理論模型，通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量了阻尼器關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，并建立了阻尼器的理論模型。結(jié)果表明，該阻尼器具有良好的阻尼性能和可靠性，其阻尼力和速度之間的關(guān)系符合指數(shù)函數(shù)規(guī)律。阻尼器理論模型與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果具有較好的一致性，可為阻尼器的設(shè)計(jì)和應(yīng)用提供參考。關(guān)鍵詞：橡膠黏彈性阻尼器；性能試驗(yàn)；理論模型；阻尼力；速度。Abstract：Thispaperstudiestheperformancetestandtheoreticalmodelofarubberviscoelasticdamper.Thekeyparametersofthedamperweremeasuredthroughexperiments,andthetheoreticalmodelofthedamperwasestablished.Theresultsshowthatthedamperhasgooddampingperformanceandreliability,andtherelationshipbetweendampingforceandvelocityconformstotheexponentialfunctionlaw.Thetheoreticalmodelofthedamperhasgoodconsistencywiththeexperimentalresults,whichcanprovidereferenceforthedesignandapplicationofthedamper.Keywords:rubberviscoelasticdamper,performancetest,theoreticalmodel,dampingforce,velocity.1.IntroductionInengineeringpractice,thevibrationandshockofmechanicalsystemsoftenhaveadverseeffectsonthestability,accuracyandlifeofthesystems,andevencauseserioussafetyaccidents.Therefore,itisnecessarytousedampingdevicestoreducethevibrationandshockofmechanicalsystems.Amongthem,rubberviscoelasticdampershavebeenwidelyusedduetotheirsimplestructure,gooddampingperformance,lowcost,andeasyinstallationandmaintenance.However,therearestillsomeproblemsandchallengesinthedesignandapplicationofrubberviscoelasticdampers.Forexample,thedampingforceandvelocityofthedamperarenotpredictableandcontrollable,whichmakesitdifficulttooptimizethedampingperformanceofthedamperandensureitsreliabilityandsafety.Therefore,thestudyoftheperformancetestandtheoreticalmodelofrubberviscoelasticdampershasimportanttheoreticalandpracticalsignificance.2.ExperimentalmethodTherubberviscoelasticdamperusedinthisstudyisacylindricalstructurewithadiameterof50mmandalengthof100mm.Therubbermaterialismadeofnaturalrubberwithahardnessof60±5degrees.Theexperimentalsystemconsistsofadamper,avibrationexciter,adisplacementsensor,aforcesensor,andadataacquisitionandprocessingsystem.Thedampingforceandvelocityofthedamperweremeasuredunderdifferentexcitationfrequenciesandamplitudes,andthedatawereanalyzedbyregressionanalysis.3.ResultsanddiscussionTheexperimentalresultsshowthatthedampingforceandvelocityofthedamperincreasewiththeincreaseofexcitationfrequencyandamplitude,andtherelationshipbetweenthemconformstotheexponentialfunctionlaw.Thedampingratioofthedamperiscalculatedtobe0.1-0.2,whichindicatesthatthedamperhasgooddampingperformance.ThedampingforceandvelocitycurvesofthedamperunderdifferentexcitationconditionsareshowninFigure1.Fig.1DampingforceandvelocitycurvesofthedamperBasedontheexperimentalresults,atheoreticalmodeloftherubberviscoelasticdamperwasestablishedbyusingtheviscoelasticitytheoryandtheenergydissipationprinciple.Themodelconsiderstheeffectsofthegeometricalandmaterialpropertiesofthedamper,andtakesintoaccountthenonlinearandtime-dependentcharacteristicsofthedampingforceandvelocity.ThetheoreticalandexperimentalcurvesofthedampingforceandvelocityarecomparedinFigure2,whichshowsthatthetheoreticalmodelhasgoodconsistencywiththeexperimentalresults.Fig.2Comparisonoftheoreticalandexperimentalcurvesofdampingforceandvelocity4.ConclusionInthispaper,theperformancetestandtheoreticalmodelofarubberviscoelasticdamperwerestudied.Thekeyparametersofthedamperweremeasuredandanalyzedbyexperiments,andthetheoreticalmodelofthedamperwasestablishedbasedontheviscoelasticitytheoryandtheenergydissipationprinciple.Theresultsshowthatthedamperhasgooddampingperformanceandrelia