2020屆高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)指導(dǎo)課件(共35張PPT)

高考英語閱讀

專項(xiàng)指導(dǎo)

題材體裁

閱讀理解

真

善

美人物與故事

記敘文興趣與愛好健康與飲食體育與休閑

說明文

歷史與地理世界與環(huán)境語言與交際經(jīng)濟(jì)與購物科普與技術(shù)教育與人才

議論文

情感與心理文化與風(fēng)俗生活與哲理文學(xué)與藝術(shù)旅游與交通

應(yīng)用文

新聞與時事媒體與廣告●語篇主要選自英美國家主流媒體，借鑒其文化、科技中積極的元素；●注重用英語講中國故事，弘揚(yáng)中國傳統(tǒng)文化；●宣揚(yáng)體育和勞動精神，傳播正能量。高考大綱閱讀考核微技能要求理解主旨要義理解文中具體信息根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義做出判斷和推理理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：年份卷別主題語境題型考點(diǎn)分布詞數(shù)人與自我人與社會人與自然細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題主旨大意題詞義猜測題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題2017II卷1180深厚的友誼B劇院演出A飛行汽車C植物自我保護(hù)D7322102018II卷1140暑期活動A兒童閱讀C閑聊的作用D漿果與核果B9321002019II卷1119志愿者工作B創(chuàng)新思維D書籍介紹A用餐趨勢C1022100細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見的命題方式：1.以when,where,what,which,who,how等疑問詞開頭引出具體細(xì)節(jié)信息問題。Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?Whatisthecorrectorderofwhathappenedto….？2.判斷是非的形式。含有true/false/nottrue或except等的判斷是非的問題。Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…從題中找關(guān)鍵詞—快速通篇跳讀---定位與關(guān)鍵信息詞對應(yīng)的信息句---仔細(xì)核對比較內(nèi)容找到答案。解題技法：直接信息題原文定位法間接信息題借助同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等方法對原文信息進(jìn)行合理的加工處理。答非所問無中生有張冠李戴信息錯誤偷梁換柱太過絕對混淆邏輯擴(kuò)縮范圍是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。符合常識，但不是出自文章的內(nèi)容。與原文極其相似，但細(xì)節(jié)處有變動，造成句意的改變選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)everyoneallnone等絕對化的表達(dá)選項(xiàng)將文中描述a物體的內(nèi)容嫁接到b物體上選項(xiàng)中漏掉／改變原文中的范圍／程度，從而改變語義因果倒置，強(qiáng)加因果關(guān)系／把主觀觀點(diǎn)等同于客觀事實(shí)在意思上與原文大相徑庭，或部分正確，部分錯誤somebodyisintrouble和somebodyistroublesomeintheworld改為national干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)appear33.Howmuchdoyouhavetopayintotaliffourofyougotogether?$20.B.$40.C.$60.D.$80.34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.TicketsaresoldinKwunTongHighSchool.B.It'sunnecessarytotakesoftdrinkswithyou.C.Freedigitalcamerasareprovidedforeverybody.D.Festivalfoodwillbeservedwithoutextracharge.【詞匯短語積累】1.celebrate慶祝2.organize組織3.programme節(jié)目4.performance表演

5.highlight高潮6.digital數(shù)碼的7.available可買到的8.volunteer志愿者9.contact聯(lián)系【長難好句理解】Forthosewhowouldliketobeavolunteer,pleasecontactMissOliviaWongoneweekbeforetheactivity.

定語從句

祈使句直接信息題---原文定位法張冠李戴擴(kuò)縮范圍無中生有

寫作金句積累：Forthosewhowouldliketo…..,pleasecontact…….oneweekbeforetheactivity.

間接信息題（語意轉(zhuǎn)換題／綜合上下文信息）

2017全國IID篇32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack？A.Itmakesnoises. B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants. C.Itstandsquietly. D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.原文定位Whenaleafy….Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout…………詞義猜測題

Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“…”inthefirstparagraphmean?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that/it/..”inparagraph2referto?Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…”inparagraph3?Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？Theword"…"couldbereplacedby___.

Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．常見的命題方向：1.直接在文章中猜測某個生僻詞／短語的含義２.對文中熟悉的多義詞或短語進(jìn)行精確含義判斷

3.判斷文中的某個代詞指代的對象的確定利用常識背景利用語法關(guān)系利用邏輯關(guān)系利用常識背景1.Mostoftheflowersarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecoldweather.2.Theheatofthesunwarmssomeoceanwater.Thesurfaceofthewaterevaporates,formingacloudofwarm,wetairthatmovesupward.枯萎蒸發(fā)2.同位語：Theinventionofsnorkel,alongairtubethatreachesuptothesurface,hasmadeitpossibleforsubmarinestousetheir…(

)利用語法關(guān)系1.定語從句／舉例子：Jackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.()花商,花店主人潛水者的呼吸管夜班危險3.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號：(1)Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.()(2)Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany---theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes---Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.()1.因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷Ididn’theartheknockingatthedoor,becauseIwascompletelyengrossedinstudyingEnglishontheInternet.()利用邏輯關(guān)系愛交際的2.同義詞和反義詞猜測詞義：同義also,as,similarly,likewise,

反義however,onthecontrary,unlikeUnlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakefriends.()全神貫注的推理判斷題細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容文章來源內(nèi)容發(fā)展寫作手法讀者對象人物性格inferimplyindicatesuggestconcludelearn注意：?不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)?注意文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞?推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。2017全國II卷D篇35．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thewordischangingfasterthanever. B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems. D.PeopleinDarwin’stimeweremoreimaginative.

判斷有據(jù)，推論有理，

忠于原文CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(親密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.原文定位文章主題，內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)，文體特征，語言風(fēng)格命題形式1.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?2.Wherewouldthepassagemostprobablyappear?2018全國IIB篇27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.

B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.

ManyofusloveJuly…….Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,……moreprotein(蛋白質(zhì))，ironandzinc…..Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻花),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

…..

Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty；theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.newspaper

報紙advertisement 廣告magazine

雜志website/Internet 網(wǎng)絡(luò)biography人物傳記

sciencereport 科學(xué)報告bookreview 書評textbook 教科書

travelguide 旅游指南

brochure 情況介紹手冊paper 報紙、論文

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribe….2.Whichwordscanbeusedtodescribe…?3.Whatkindofpersonis….?ambitious

有抱負(fù)的

cautious

謹(jǐn)慎的

industrious 勤奮的adaptable 適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)的knowledgeable 學(xué)識淵博的dependable/reliable 可靠的responsible 負(fù)責(zé)任的independent 獨(dú)立的modest 謙虛的easy-going 隨和的outgoing 外向的faithful 守信的cooperative 樂于合作的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題作者態(tài)度傾向判斷attitude作者寫作意圖判斷purposepositive，supportive,approvingoptimistic,favorable,sympathetic,caringneutral,objective,fair-minded

1．作者態(tài)度傾向判斷：Howdoestheauthorfeelabout…?Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto….?negative,opposed,pessimistic,critical,disapproving,doubtful,skeptical,suspicious公正的有同情心的批評的

2．作者寫作意圖判斷(1)整篇文章的寫作意圖Whatisthepurposeofthetext?Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?Toentertain/amusereaders逗開心Topersuade 勸服Toinform 通知Toexplain

…

解釋Tointroduce…. 介紹Topresent…to…

展示Topropose…

提議Tosummarize…

總結(jié)Toprovide…

提供Toshare…

分享Toadvertise…

做廣告Toencourage…

鼓勵

(2)文中某自然段或某細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinPara….?Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?AToencouragedonations. B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits. D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecan’tachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporationsandothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.原文定位主旨大意題●要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意●尋找主題句：段首、段尾●關(guān)注反復(fù)出現(xiàn)中心詞，高頻詞匯●讀完文章后回顧文章的大致內(nèi)容，理清脈絡(luò)和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。●把握文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)

１.時間順序。主題通常在首段或末段。

2.總-分-總。首段做總的說明，其他段落分別說明或具體論述首段的觀點(diǎn)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的文章主題在首段。

３.分-總。前面幾段分別說明，末段總結(jié)。主題在末段。

4.對比。進(jìn)行對比的各事物之間的基本共同點(diǎn)或差異為主題。常見的命題方式：Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage/text?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?Whatisthepassage/textmainlyabout?總結(jié)某段大意類概括全文大意類歸納最佳標(biāo)題類2017全國IIC篇28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition. B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars. C.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

關(guān)注文章中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞匯總結(jié)某段大意類TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle---namedtheTransition–hastwoseats,fourwheelsand

wingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand

115intheflies

usinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.原文定位干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置：以偏概全：概括的范圍過于狹窄，只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容。主題擴(kuò)大：概括的范圍過大，超過了文章實(shí)際討論的內(nèi)容。似是而非：選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中出現(xiàn)了，但認(rèn)真分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)它與文章的主旨毫無聯(lián)系。2018全國IIC篇

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated. B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinfewerlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.1234關(guān)注文章結(jié)構(gòu)2018全國IID篇35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.ConversationCounts B.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalk D.UncomfortableSilenceWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,…….What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethat…….Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤滑劑)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,…….Ina2014study,…..Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangers

feelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers…...Carduccibelieves…smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.12345列出現(xiàn)象追述閑聊的好處列出現(xiàn)象

把握文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)+反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞

研究例證閑聊的好處●按段落的組織方法理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)1.Howisthepassageorganized？A.Topic---argument----description B.Opinion—discussion---explanationC.Mainidea---comparison---supportingexamples

D.Topic----argument----conclusion篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題2.Whichofthefollowingisthebeststructureofthepassage？●按寫作方法理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby________.followingspaceorder B.followingtimeorderC.makingclassifications分類 D.givingexamplesusingfigures 列數(shù)據(jù)makingcomparisons 做比較givingdefinitions 下定義causeandeffect 因果法段首段中段尾篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題●七選五主題句過渡句總結(jié)句總體原則：主題中心句原則段落一致性原則利用核心詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)利用代詞指代提示利用句子邏輯線索因果關(guān)系：sothereforethushenceaccordinglyconsequentlyasaresult并列關(guān)系:First,second,third;Firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;Foronething,foranother;Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:however,nevertheless,though,yet,otherwise對比關(guān)系:onthecontrary;bycontrast;incomparison遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:also,furthermore,even,besides,moreover,inaddition,what’smore解釋關(guān)系:forexample,forinstance概括總結(jié):inshort;inaword;toconclude;tosumup段首:主題句段中：過渡句段尾：總結(jié)句2018全國IIIfyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.

___36___Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.●Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.

___37___●Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.

___38___Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.●

___39___Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.●

___40___Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou’redoingitnow,thenlistenup!●Yourproductivityisimproved……………….●Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart….

●

___39___Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.段首:主題句段中：過渡句段尾：總結(jié)句A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou’redoingitnow,thenlistenup