考研《英語(yǔ)一》2023年巴彥淖爾市高分沖刺試題含解析

考研《英語(yǔ)一》2023年巴彥淖爾市高分沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itwasthelastdayofthefinalexaminationinalargeeasternuniversity.Onthestepsofonebuilding,agroupofengineeringseniorsgathered,discussingtheexamduetobegininafew1Ontheirfaceswasconfidence.Thiswastheirlastexambeforetheywentonto2andjobs.Sometalkedofjobstheyalreadyhad;otherstalkedofjobsthey3get.Withallthisassuranceoffouryearsofcollege,theyfeltreadyandabletotake4oftheworld.Theapproachingexam,theyknew,wouldbea(n)5task,becausetheprofessorhadsaidtheycouldbring6booksornotestheywanted,requestingonlythattheydidnot7eachotherduringthetest.Aftertheyenteredtheclassroom8，theprofessorpassedoutthepapers.Andsmiles9onthestudents’facesastheynotedtherewereonlyfiveessay-typequestions.Threehourshadpassed10theprofessorbegantocollectthepapers.Thestudentsnolongerlookedconfident.Ontheirfaceswasafrightenedexpression.Papersinhand,noonespokeastheprofessorfacedtheclass.Helookedatthe11facesbeforehim,andthenasked,“Howmanycompletedallfivequestions?”12ahandwasraised.“Howmanyansweredfour?”Stillnohands.“Three?Two?”Thestudentsmovedrestlesslyintheirseats.“One,then?Certainlysomebodyfinished13.”Buttheclassremainedsilent.Theprofessorputdownthepapers.“ThatisexactlywhatI14,”hesaid.“Ijustwanttoimpressuponyouthat,15youhavecompletedfouryearsofengineering,therearestillmanythingsaboutthe16youdon’tknow.Thesequestionsyoucouldn’tanswerarerelatively17ineverydaypractice.”Thensmiling,headded,“Youwillall18thiscourse,butremember—evenifyouarenowcollegegraduates,youreducationhasjust19.”Theyearshave20thenameofthisprofessor,butnotthelessonhetaught.1、A．seconds B．hours C．minutes D．days2、A．graduation B．discussion C．education D．interview3、A．must B．would C．haveto D．usedto4、A．hold B．charge C．control D．place5、A．interesting B．hard C．unusual D．easy6、A．no B．either C．a(chǎn)ll D．a(chǎn)ny7、A．talkto B．lookat C．referto D．listento8、A．nervously B．quickly C．joyfully D．curiously9、A．changed B．a(chǎn)ppeared C．froze D．stopped10、A．then B．a(chǎn)s C．a(chǎn)fter D．before11、A．pleased B．surprised C．worried D．moved12、A．Once B．Not C．Only D．Even13、A．a(chǎn)ll B．none C．it D．one14、A．expected B．enjoyed C．hated D．wondered15、A．eventhough B．a(chǎn)sthough C．nowthat D．rightnow16、A．exam B．question C．subject D．college17、A．valuable B．difficult C．strange D．common18、A．fail B．pass C．take D．start19、A．completed B．begun C．failed D．succeeded20、A．weakened B．remembered C．strengthened D．forgotSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1EarlyorLaterDayCareManyyoungparentsareconfusedaboutwhethertheirchildrenshouldhaveearlydaycare,andtherehavealwaysbeendifferentviewsonthissubject.TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbybelievesthatseparationfromparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityandleadtopsychologicalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforethreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitcauses,andmanypeopledobelievethis.AccordingtoBowlby,agreatdealofpsychologicalharmcanoccurwhenyoungchildrenareseparatedfromtheirparents.Iftheyareleftwithouttouchforawhile,theywillhaveahigherstresslevel.Parents’influenceontheirchildren’swell-beingmayneverbegreaterthanduringtheearliestyearsoflife,whenachild’sbrainisdevelopingrapidlyandwhennearlyallofherorhisexperiencesareshapedbyparentsandthefamilyenvironment.However,therearecritics.Someanthropologists(人類(lèi)學(xué)家)pointoutthattheloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Therehasbeenalonghistoryofthefactthatfatherandmotherdidnotbringuptheirchildrenalone.Plato,around394B．C．,arguedthatasystemofearlychildcarewouldfreewomentoparticipateinsociety.ResultsfromIsraeliandDutchstudiesshowthatchild-raisingdutiesaremoreevenlydistributedamongabroadergroupofpeople.Besides,studieshavereportedthatearlydaycarehasaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.Theylearnthebenefitsofbeingsociallysmart,understandingtheconceptofsharingandcaring.Theypromoteconcentrationskills,whichisveryimportantintheirlearning.Therearegameswherechildrenaretaughtbasiclanguageandmathematicalskillsthroughstoriesandeverydayexamples.Commonsensetellsusthatearlydaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadifchildrenhadproblemswithit.ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatithasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadtomorementalillness15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreedislikeleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreealmostallchildrenfinditeasytogotothenursery.Thematter,then,isfarfrombeingclearlyknown,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlydaycareisreasonableforyoungchildren.1、Thepassagemainlyargueswhether______.A．childrenoverthreewillacceptschooleducationB．childrenunderthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschoolsC．thefamilyrelationshipisdifferentintraditionalsocietiesD．earlydaycareshouldbetotallyreplacedinmodernsocieties2、WhichofthefollowingsupportsBowlby’stheory?A．Earlydaycarewouldn’tbesopopularifithadnegativeeffects.B．Separationfromparentsforyoungchildreniscommoninhistory.C．Parentsfindtheimmediateeffectsofearlydaycaredifficulttodealwith.D．Studiesshowearlydaycarehasapositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.3、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsearlydaycareisthat______.A．childrenunderthreeshouldstaywiththeirparentsB．ithaspotentialbenefitsforbothchildrenandparentsC．thebadeffectofitonchildrenwilldisappearastheygrowupD．itiscontroversialandthesettlementcallsfortheuseofstatistics4、Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionA． B．C． D．Text2Thereareseveralreasonsforhairlossinwomen.However,inmostcases,treatmentisquiteeffective.Femalehairlosspatternsinwomenarenotaseasilyrecognizableastheyareinmen.Awomanmayexperienceittemporarilyduetopregnancy(懷孕)orillness,althoughtheymayexperienceitforotherreasons.Hairlosscanbeduetoavarietyoffactors,includingagenetictendency(whichisnotgeneticallylinkedtojustoneparent—bothparentscontributetothetendencytolosehair).Womenwhoareexperiencinghairproblemsseemtohavemorelimitedchoicesthanmen.TherearesomefemalehairlosstreatmentsthatareavailablesuchastheTricominSystemwhichisatopicaltreatmentthatisnutritionbased.ShenMinforWomenisanothernaturaltreatmentthatcontainsherbs(藥草)thataresaidtostimulate(刺激)hairgrowthandevenrestorehairthatisgrayingtoitsnaturalcolor.Themajorityofthepopular,provehairlosstreatmentsareonlyintendedformenandarenotsuitableforwomen.True,awoman’shairissueisdifferentfromaman’s.Thebiologicalmakeupisdifferentandtheneedsaredifferent.Womenhavedifferentneedsandtheirbodiesreactindifferentwaystoenvironmentalchanges,physicalillnessandeventhetreatmentsthatareavailable.Therearemanynaturaltreatmentssuchasvitaminandmineralsupplementsthataresaidtostimulatehairgrowth,but,forthemostpart,theseclaimsarecurrentlyunproven.Oneofthefirstandmostimportantfactorstoeffectivelytreatingistogetadiagnosisfromadoctor.Talktoyourdoctoraboutanysymptoms(癥狀)thatyoumaybeexperiencinginadditiontothethinninghair.Stress,weightlossorgain,illnessanddepression,allofthesecanbecontributingfactors.1、Itcanbelearnedfromthelstparagraphthat________.A．usuallyhairlossishardtohealB．femalehairlossismorecommonthanthemen’sC．womentendtosufferfromhairlossduringthepregnantperiodD．onlyillnesscontributestohairloss2、Whichofthefollowingstatementsmatchesthetextaboutthetwotreatments?A．Botharetosolvetheproblemofmalehairloss.B．TricominSystemiseffectiveinspeedingthegrowthofthenewhair.C．ShenMinisanupdatedwayoftreatinghairloss.D．Theformerisnutrition-based,whilethelatterismedicine-based.3、Thereasonsforthedifferencesbetweenthefemaleandmalehairlossproblemsdonotinclude________.A．thebiologicalstructureandcompositionofthehairB．thewantsandneedsC．thereactionsandresponsestotheoutsidechangesD．theapproachtotakingexercise4、Thenaturaltreatments________.A．includevitaminandmineralsupplementsB．a(chǎn)reappliedtokeepthehairhealthyC．havebeenprovedusefulD．a(chǎn)rethemostcommonly-usedwaysText3InthisPennsylvaniacity,Pittsburghisshrinkingbutgettingwealthier.Since2000,itspopulationhasdeclinedby95,000whileitsincomepercapita(人均)hasshotup24percent.Thetrendistakingholdinmanyothercities,likeBuffaloinNewYork,ProvidenceinRhodeIslandandNewOrleans.Someoftheseareashavecreatedmorehigh-payingjobsinenergy,healthcareoreducation.Othershavemanagedtoreshapetheirproducingindustryforaneweconomy.Higher-payingjobshaveagreatereffectbecausetheycreatedemandforadditionalservices."ThestoryinPittsburghisverypositive,andotherareasarelookingatitasanexampleofthetransformationthatmightbepossible，”saidGuhanVenkatu,whowroteaneconomichistoryoftheareacalled“RustandRenewal”fortheFederalReserveBankofCleveland.CarnegieMellonUniversityandtheUniversityofPittsburghhavehelpedbringtechjobsandinnovation(革新)totheareabysponsoringtechcentersthathelpgraduatesstartcompanieswithoutmovingtoSiliconValleyorSanFrancisco.ThishashelpedkeepPittsburgh'seducatedyoungpopulationgrowingevenastheentirepopulationinthecityhasdropped.PittsburghhasmoreSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)jobsthanothershrinkingcities,about80,000or7%ofalljobs.STEMjobsaddproductivityandincomegrowthtothearea.Manufacturersofhigh-techmedicalequipmentinthePittsburghareaalsohavedoubledemploymentinthelast10years.However,someexpertsquestionwhethergrowingincomepercapitacanreallymakeupforadecliningpopulation.AccordingtoPatrickAdler,aresearcherattheUniversityofToronto,populationlossdoesmatterifitmeanslower-skilledworkershavefledbecauseofalackofopportunity.What'smore,high-payingjobsineducationandhealthcarecandisappearifthepopulationdeclinestoogreatly.Soit'dbewisetofindwaystoincreasethepopulation.1、InwhataspectdoesPittsburghsetagoodexample?A．Transformingoldenergyintonewenergy.B．Creatingmorewell-paidjobs.C．Prohibitingthemanufacturing.D．Sponsoringhighereducation.2、Howdosomeacademicinstitutionshelpwiththelocaleconomy?A．Byhelpingtoattractmoretalentsfromotherareas.B．Byprovidingmuchtechnicalsupporttolocalcompanies.C．Byhostingtechcentersforlocaleducatedgraduates.D．Byassistinginemployingalargenumberofeducatedyouths.3、WhyisPatrickAdlermentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Toshowthedisadvantageofadecliningpopulation.B．Tosuggestincreasinghigh-payingjobs.C．Toraisedoubtsaboutgrowingincomepercapita.D．Totellareasonwhylower-skilledworkersflee.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowFastJobGrowthIsRelatedtoPopulationGrowthB．HowLess-crowdedCitiesPlanTheirHigh-techEconomyC．WhySomeCitiesAreLosingPeoplebutGettingWealthierD．WhySomeCitiesAreSufferingFromaShrinkingPopulationText4ThesixthmassextinctionoflifeontheEarthisunfoldingmorequicklythanfeared,scientistshavewarned.Morethan30percentofanimalswithabackbone—fish,birds,amphibians,reptilesandmammals—aredeclininginbothrangeandpopulation,accordingtothefirstcomprehensiveanalysisofthesetrends.Aroundadecadeago,expertsfearedthatanewrangewipeoutofspecieswasappearing.Today,mostagreethatitisunderway—butthenewstudysuggeststhatthedie-outisalreadygrowingfast.Thelossofbiodiversityhasrecentlyaccelerated.Severalspeciesofmammalsthatwererelativelysafeoneortwodecadesagoarenowendangered,includingcheetahs,lionsandgiraffes,thestudyshowed.Thereisnomysteryastowhy:ourownever-expandingspecies—whichhasmorethandoubledinnumbersince1960to7.4billion—iseating,crowdingandpollutingitsplanetarycohabitantsoutofexistence.Bycomparison,thereareasfewas20,000lionsleftinthewild,lessthan7,000cheetahs,500to1,000giantpandas.Themaindriversofwildlifedeclinearehabitatloss,over-consumption,pollution,otherspecies,disease,aswellashuntinginthecaseoftigers,elephants,rhinosandotherlargeanimalsprizedfortheirbodyparts.Climatechangeisthoughttobecomeamajorthreatinthecomingdecades,withsomeanimals—mostfamouslypolarbears—alreadyindeclineduetorisingtemperaturesandchangingweatherpatterns.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“accelerated”inParagraph3mean?A．Madeup.B．Putup.C．Spedup.D．Usedup.2、Whyhasthelossofbiodiversityspedup?A．Themankind’spopulationisgrowingfast.B．Theairpollutionistoosevere.C．Therearefewerspeciesinlargerareas.D．Mancauseswiderwaterpollution.3、Whichisnotthemaindriverofwildlifedecline?A．Outsideanimals.B．Lossoflivingareas.C．Variousillnesses.D．Lackofwater.4、Howisthefutureofpolarbears?A．Uncertain.B．Hopeful.C．Doubtful.D．Unsatisfying.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AtthebeginningofChineseYearofthePig,avideocalledWhatisPeppaPigmadeapinkpigthe1．(hot)imageinChinaThevideofeaturesanelderlymanlivinginthecountryside2．(give)aNewYeargifttohisgrandsoninthecity,hewonderswhatPeppaPigisTheelderlymain,3．(eventual),makesaPeppaPigbyhimselfbasedonablowingmachineThevideo4．conveysthemessageoffamilyreunionandagrandfather’slovewon1,500millionclickswithin24hoursAndthepopularcartooncharacter,withitsroundbellyandbigears,haslongbeentaken5．a(chǎn)symbolforabundance,wealthandgoodluckinChinesecultureThepeppaalongsideherfamily6．(become)aglobalhitsincethecartoon’sreleasein7．Thechildren’sTVshowissopopularbecauseitisoneofthefewthatfamiliescanenjoytogetherwithoutadultsfeeling8．(bore)The9．(produce)madehisfortunethankstotheyoungpeppapig10．itcomestothesecretofsuccess,heexplainedthathetriedto11．(simple)theshowandensuredthepigletisunforgettableOneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheUnitedStatesinCarniegeHall,thehomeofclassicalandpopularmusicconcertsinNewYorkCarneigeHallis1．(know)notjustforitsbeautyandhistory,butalsoforitsamazingsoundIthasbeensaidthatthehall2．(it)isaninstrumentCarniegeHallisnamed3．AndrewCarniege,whopaidforitsconstructionHewasa4．(wealth)manwhoalsogavealotofmoneytoschoolsandpublic5．(library)ConstructiononCarniegeHallbeganin18906．theofficialopeningnightwasonMay5,7．ThehallwasownedbytheCarniegefamilyuntil1924whenitwassoldtoRobertESimonThebuildingbecameveryoldandin1960,thenewownermadeplanstodestroyitandbuildanofficeblockIssacStemledagroupofpeopletofight8．(save)CarniegeHallandfinally,thecityofNewYorkboughtitfor$5millionThenit9．(fix)upbetween1983and10．Becausethebestandmostfamous11．(music)ofalltimehaveplayedatCarneigeHall,itisthedreamofmanypeoplewhowanttobegreattoplaythereThishasledto12．veryoldjokewhichisnowpartofCarniegeHall’shistoryQuestion:“HowdoIgettoCarniegeHall?”Answer:“Practise,practise,practise”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Awomanaborted(流產(chǎn))hersecondbabyinCentralChina’sHubeiprovinceafterher13-year-olddaughterthreatenedtocommitsuicide.Theeventdrewpeople’sattentiontothesinglechildmentality,whichmaybeanobstacleasthecountrytriestorelaxthesingle-childpolicy.Thewoman,44,hadbeenpregnantfor13weeks.1、afterknowingthatshewasgoingtohavesibling（兄弟姐妹）.Heranxietyreacheditspeakwhentheninth-gradercutherwristswitharazorbladeinanattemptedsuicide,accordingtoareportofthelocalWuhanEveningNews.2、,butthegirlsisnottheonlychildinChinashowingjealousyofayoungersibling.ZhuangZhuang(nothisrealname)was16whenhisyoungerbrotherwasbornlastyear.3、.“Theynevercaredaboutmeagain.”theteenagercomplained.“I’mundergreatpressuretodowellinacademicperformances,soastowinattentionfrommyparents.”Theone-childpolicywasrelaxedI2013,inanattempttoaddressthecountry’sdeclininglaborforceandagingpopulation.4、,includingthemostpopulatedHenan,haveallowedcouplestohaveasecondchildifeitherparentisanonlychild.BeijingfollowedsuitlastDecember.Although11millioncoupleshavebeengrantedapermittohaveasecondchild,statisticsfromtheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionshowonlyclosetoonemillioncouplesoutofthemfiledbirthapplicationsbytheendoflastyear.“Economiccost”,“timecost”and“onechildisenough”werelistedastopreasonsfornothavingasecondchild,accordingtoasurveybyChinaYouthDaily.5、outofconcernfortheirfirstchild.XiaXueluan,asociologyprofessoratPekingUniversity,believestheone-childpolicy,enactedmorethanthreedecadesago,createdmanyyoung“emperors”and“empresses”inChina.“Parentsspoiledtheirchildren,somanykidstendtobeself-centeredwithoutconsiderationforothers,”hesaid.A．Thecasemaysoundextreme.B．AmajorityoftheChineseprovincialregions.C．Herdaughterbecameunhappy.D．Sincethenhe’sfallenbehindinhisclasses.E.Theydon’twanttheirchildtobealone.F.Manyparentsgivethethirdreason.G.It’seasierforthemtorais