高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之定語從句精講【知識(shí)精研+拓展延伸】

定語從句AttributiveClause1.什么是定語從句？2.定語從句三要素3.如何選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞？4.定語從句中的特殊情況教學(xué)目標(biāo)定義1.定語：由形容詞充當(dāng)，放在名詞前用于修飾名詞。Eg.abeautifulgirlasmartboy2.定語從句：由一個(gè)句子來修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后的從句叫做定語從句。Eg.Sheis

agirlwhoisbeautiful.Theboy

whowearsredT-shirtismybrother.定語是什么？定語從句的構(gòu)成：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句。Theboywho

comesfromAmericaspeaksEnglishverywell.先關(guān)句子定語從句三要素①名詞Homelessindividualsmanagetofindashelterthatwillgivethemthreemealsaday②名詞短語Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnabout③句子TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEurope被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞等稱為先行詞,一般出現(xiàn)在定語

從句之前。有時(shí)先行詞是整個(gè)主句。先行詞關(guān)系詞有哪些？引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞1.Thebook__________Igaveyouwas10yuan.

主句：Thebookwas10yuan.

從句：Igaveyouthebook.

先行詞thebook指物，在從句中做賓語，

關(guān)系詞用which代替先行詞充當(dāng)賓語

來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

that亦可which/that2.Thepicture_______isabouttheaccidentisterrible.

主句：Thepictureisterrible.

從句：Thepictureisabouttheaccient.

先行詞thepicture指物，在從句中做主語，

關(guān)系詞用which代替先行詞充當(dāng)主語來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

that亦可which/that3.Doyouknowtheman__________istalkingwithyourmother?

主句：Doyouknowtheman?

從句：Themanistalkingwithyourmother.

先行詞theman指人，在從句中做主語，

關(guān)系詞用who代替先行詞充當(dāng)主語來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

that亦可who/that4.Theboy___________sheloveddiedinthecar.

主句：Theboydiedinthewar.

從句：Sheloved

theboy.

先行詞theboy指人，在從句中做賓語，

關(guān)系詞用who代替先行詞充當(dāng)賓語來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

that/whom亦可。

注意：指人時(shí)who/that既可以做主語也可以做賓語，但是在介詞后只能用whom.who/that5.Ilikethosebooks__________topicsareabouthistory.

主句：Ilikethosebooks.

從句：Thebooks’

topicsareabouthistory.

先行詞thebooks指物，在從句中做定語，

關(guān)系詞用whose代替先行詞充當(dāng)定語來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

表示“誰的”。whose6.Iwillneverforgettheday__________________wemet.

主句：Iwillneverforgettheday.

從句：Wemetontheday.

主謂狀

ontheday在從句中做時(shí)間狀語，關(guān)系詞用when來引

導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做狀語。其中先行詞theday也可以用which代替，用介詞+which來引導(dǎo)定語從句，when=onwhichwhen/onwhich難點(diǎn)辨析Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ispentwithmycousin.

從句：Ispentthedaywithmycousion.

主謂賓theday在從句中做賓語用which/that代替先行詞在從句中做賓語。which/that8.Thisisthehouse___________________Iwasborn.

主句：Thisisthehouse.

從句：Iwasborninthehouse.

主謂狀inthehouse在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，關(guān)系詞用where來引導(dǎo)從句，在從句中做狀語。其中先行詞thehouse也可以用which代替，用介詞+which來引導(dǎo)定語從句，where=inwhichwhere/inwhich9.That’sthereason___________hemissedthebus.

主句：That’sthereason.

從句：Hemissedthebusforthereason.

主謂賓狀forthereason在從句中做原因狀語，關(guān)系詞用why引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中做狀語。

其中先行詞thereason也可以用which代替，用介詞+which來引導(dǎo)定語從句，why=forwhichwhy/forwhich難點(diǎn)辨析Thereason__________heexplainedwasnotreasonable.

從句：Heexplainedthereason.

主謂賓

thereason在從句中做賓語用

which/that代替先行詞在從句中做賓語。which/that當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因非狀語時(shí)，？Tsinghuaisabigschool_____________isverybeautiful.2.Iwillneverforgetthedays__________IspentinChina.3.Thereason____________hegaveuswasunbelievable.that/whichthat/whichthat/which引導(dǎo)詞用that/whichTsinghuaisverybeautiful.IspentthedaysinChina.Hegaveusthereason.定語從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物whowhomthat(主語/賓語)難點(diǎn)：whosewhichthat(主語/賓語)whosewhere(地點(diǎn)狀語)when(時(shí)間狀語)why(原因狀語)難點(diǎn)：只能用that的情況

不能用that的情況難點(diǎn)：判斷地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因是否為

狀語關(guān)系詞定語從句總結(jié)：關(guān)系詞序號(hào)舉例識(shí)別方法1that在從句中作成分（主、賓）2which在從句中作成分（主、賓）3whon.（人）+who4whenn.（時(shí)間）+when(數(shù)字時(shí)間、day/time/date)5wheren.（地點(diǎn)）+where（實(shí)義地點(diǎn)、抽象地點(diǎn)）6whyreason+why7whosen.+whose8介詞+whichn.+at/in/for…+which1.如何選擇定語從句恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞？Step1Step2Step3找到先行詞先行詞代指人還是物從句中缺少什么成分選定恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞一看空前人物時(shí)地原二看空后是否缺主賓

難點(diǎn)突破難點(diǎn)：1.只能用that的情況2.不能用that的情況3.抽象地點(diǎn)名詞一、請(qǐng)依據(jù)下列例句總結(jié)宜用that不宜用which的情況

All

that

canbedonehasbeendone.Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.ThisisthemostshockingnewsthatIhaveeverheard.Shedescribedinhercompositionthepeopleandplaces

thatimpressedhermost.(1)當(dāng)先行詞_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

修飾時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)先行詞

修飾時(shí)。(3)當(dāng)先行詞

修飾時(shí)。(4)當(dāng)先行詞中

時(shí)。是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代詞或者被all，much，little，no等詞被theonly，thevery等是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)既有人又有物代高序，恰唯一，人和物在一起難點(diǎn)一

只能用thatHemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,________Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhom1.在非限制性定語從句（有逗號(hào)分開）中，引導(dǎo)詞不能用that難點(diǎn)二

不能用that注意：高考對(duì)where的考查趨于復(fù)雜,先行詞由“明顯的地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為“模糊的地點(diǎn)”,或者說“抽象的地點(diǎn)”。這些名詞有stage,case,position,atmosphere,situation,point,occasion,activity等。難點(diǎn)三

抽象地點(diǎn)名詞Youputmeinaposition_________Ican’tdoanythingformyself.Thisisreallyaspecialoccasion_