托福綜合寫(xiě)作技巧完全版

INTEGRATEDTASK綜合寫(xiě)作技巧展示1精品課件INTEGRATEDTASK本課內(nèi)容NOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZINGSYNTHESIZING32精品課件INTEGRATEDTASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“雙欄式〞筆記法：2-columnwayT:R:L:R:123L:1233精品課件INTEGRATEDTASK講義第12頁(yè)，第3題演示先畫(huà)好“雙欄〞注意閱讀信息筆記字?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)15字讀閱讀每一段的Mainpoint和detail/reason4精品課件PRIVATESPACETRAVELT：privatizedspaceflightindustryR:benefitsL:╳

5精品課件PRIVATESPACETRAVEL閱讀筆記：R1.Cheapercompetition2.discoveries.Morescientistssponsors3.Expensescustomers,notpublicL1236精品課件PRIVATESPACETRAVEL聽(tīng)力筆記R:123L:1╳details:<1>trafficcontrolsystem<2>safety/tested╳detail:commercialprojects,noscientificvalue3╳detail:spacestations/spaceairports7精品課件SCHOOLUNIFORMT：schooluniformR:stressL:╳

8精品課件SCHOOLUNIFORM閱讀筆記：R1.affordablefinancialstressDiscomfort&self-consciousnessemotionalstress3.Pickonsocialstress

L1239精品課件Schooluniform聽(tīng)力筆記R:123L:1╳costlydetails:<1>certainselectstores<2>after-schoolclothes╳self-consciousdetail:somecanpresentthemselvesintheirownways╳details:<1>stageoflife<2>music/backpack10精品課件INTEGRATEDTASK2.SUMMARIZINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZINGSYNTHESIZING311精品課件INTEGRATEDTASKSUMMARIZING1.eliminateunnecessaryinformation2.Combineintoasentence.因果關(guān)系12精品課件INTEGRATEDTASKBecauseSince,AsaresultofAndthus/therefore,;thus/thereforeContributetoLeadtoTriggerExplainserveBringaboutIfBydoing…,When…13精品課件INTEGRATEDTASK展示SUMMARIZING通過(guò)題目SCHOOLUNIFORMPRIVATESPACETRAVEL14精品課件SCHOOLUNIFORM閱讀筆記：R1.affordablefinancialstressDiscomfort&self-consciousnessemotionalstress3.Pickonsocialstress

L12315精品課件Schooluniform聽(tīng)力筆記R:123L:1╳costlydetails:<1>onlyavailablefromcertainselectstores<2>after-schoolclotheswhentheygotomeetfriends╳self-consciousdetail:somecanpresentthemselvesintheirownways╳details:<1>stageoflife<2>music/backpack16精品課件Schooluniform展示SUMMARIZING通過(guò)例題SCHOOLUNIFORM共6句話17精品課件SCHOOLUNIFORM1.Ifallstudentswearthesamestyleofuniform,clothingcostwillbeless.閱讀第1Schooluniformisexpensive/pricy,andstudentswhowearuniformwillbuytrendyafter-schoolclothes.聽(tīng)力第118精品課件SCHOOLUNIFORM2.Witheveryonewearingthesameuniform,studentswillnotbeconcernedaboutwhethertheyarewearingthefashionably-correctclothes.閱讀第2

Beingmadetowearaschooluniformmakesmanystudentsfeelmoreself-conscious,becausetheycanpresentthemselvesinawayofmakingthemcomfortable.聽(tīng)力第219精品課件SCHOOLUNIFORM3.Unityinclothingcaneliminatediscrimination,soteasingandbullyingofsomestudentsbyotherswillbesignificantlyreduced.閱讀第3

Itisimpossibletoeliminateteasingandbullyingbecausetheyareinthatparticularstage,alsotheycanpickonotherthingslikemusicandbackpacks.聽(tīng)力第320精品課件INTEGRATEDTASK3.SYNTHESIZINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZINGSYNTHESIZING321精品課件INTEGRATEDTASKSYNTHESIZING把SUMMARIZING的6句話整理成3大段，形成BODYPARTConnecttheinformationfrombothsources22精品課件SYNTHESIZINGAccordingtothelecture,____;thiscontradictsthepointsinthereadingthat____.Theprofessorarguesthat____.Thisisdifferentfromthereading,whichstatesthat____.Theteachersaysthat____.However,thisisnotwhatthereadingstates;itsaysthat_____.23精品課件SYNTHESIZINGContrarytothebeliefinthepassagethat___,theprofessorassertsthat____.Theauthorofthepassagepointsoutthat___,whilethelecturenotesthat___.Accordingtothereading,____.Thepassage’spointisdifferentfromtheprofessor,whichstatesthat____.24精品課件SYNTHESIZING展示SYNTHESIZING通過(guò)例題：PRIVATESPACEFLIGHT25精品課件PRIVATESPACETRAVEL閱讀筆記：R1.Cheapercompetition2.discoveries.Morescientistssponsors3.Expensescustomers,notpublicL12326精品課件PRIVATESPACETRAVEL聽(tīng)力筆記R:123L:1╳details:<1>trafficcontrolsystem<2>safety/tested╳detail:commercialprojects,noscientificvalue3╳detail:spacestations/spaceairports27精品課件SYNTHESIZING1.Accordingtothelecture,thecostsofcreatingandrunningtrafficcontrolsystem,andoftestingnewspaceshipwillmakespaceflightexpensive.Thiscontradictsthepointsmadeinthereadingthat

competitionintheprivatespaceflightindustryquicklyreducecosts.28精品課件SYNTHESIZING2.Theprofessorassertsthatprivatespacetravelislikelytopreventorevendelayscientificinnovationsbyluringtopscientistsawayfromseriousresearchestocommercialprojects.Contrarytowhatthebeliefinthepassagethatprivatizationofspaceflightwillspeedupbyincreasingthenumberofscientistsworkingintheareaofspaceflight.29精品課件SYNTHESIZING3.Thelecturenotesthatthetaxpayingpublicwillendupsubsidizingspacestation,andsoon,becausetheprivateinvest(customers)cannotcoverthecost.Whiletheauthorofthepassagepointsoutthatthecostspaidbycustomersofprivatespaceflightindustrywillsignificantlyreducethefinancialburdenonpublic.30精品課件INTEGRATEDTASKNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZINGSYNTHESIZING331精品課件例題：CHARITABLEGIVINGT：charitablegivingR:declineL:╳

32精品課件CHARITABLEGIVING閱讀筆記：R1.Lessneedgovernment2.ManagershugesalariesFraudulentsolicitations/charityfraudL12333精品課件CHARITABLEGIVING聽(tīng)力筆記R:123L:1╳details:elderly&retired╳detail:reform/resign,regainconfidence╳detail:careful,(1)refuseviatelephone(2)receiveproof/docmentation.34精品課件CHARITABLEGIVING2-mindrill寫(xiě)出BODYPART的第一段：2個(gè)句子：閱讀一句話+聽(tīng)力一句話35精品課件CHARITABLEGIVING1.Theteachersaysthatcharitablegivingwillriseinthefuture,asthegrowingcostsofpublicservicesfromincreasingelderlyandretiredpeoplecreateneedforprivatefunding.Thisisnotwhatthereadingstates,itissaidthatcharitablegivingwilldeclinesubstantially,becausegovernmentcancovermostofcharity.36精品課件CHARITABLEGIVING2.

Thetalksaysthatthemismanagementincharitieshasbeenreformed,byforcingthecorruptedmanagerstoresign,whichgivesdonorsmoreconfidence.Inthereading,however,itisarguedthatdisclosuresofmismanagementofthecharitywillleadtoapermanentdeclineincharitablegiving.37精品課件CHARITABLEGIVING3.Accordingtothelecture,peoplearelearninghowtoavoidfraudulentgivingincharitiesbyreceivingdocumentsbeforedonation,byturningdowndonationviatelephone.Theprofessor’spointisdifferentfromthereading.Thereadingstatesthatpeopleareunwillingtodonateduetothecharityfraud.38精品課件INTEGRATEDTASK科學(xué)性文章READING:設(shè)想LISTENING反

1事實(shí)，解釋駁：解釋

2事實(shí)，解釋3事實(shí)，解釋

39精品課件EasterIslandT:EasterIslandculturedeclineR:invasionL:internalcauses

R:1Notrees2Statuesstopped3ReligionchangedL:1buildstatuesneedtreelogstotransport2.<1>Nofish,hardlife,<2>nologstotransport3.Lostconfidenceinoldgods40精品課件EasterIslandp16T:EasterIslandculturedeclineR:invasionL:internalcauses

R:1Notrees2Statuesstopped3ReligionchangedL:1.2.3.41精品課件EasterIsland1.TheteachersaysthatthedeforestationofEasterIslandisthemostplausiblyexplainedbyoverloggingbythenativepopulationwhousethelogstotransportthegiantstatues.Thisisnotwhatthereadingstates,itissaidthatEasterIslandwasdeforestedbyinvaderswhowereunconcernedaboutnaturalresources.42精品課件EasterIsland3.Accordingtothelecture,ItislikelythatEasterIslandersadoptedanewreligionbecausetheylostfaithintheiroldgods.Theprofessor’spointisdifferentfromthereading,adoptinganewreligioncalled"BirdmanWorship"ofEasterIslandwasintroducedbyaforeigninvasion.43精品課件EasterIsland2.Thetalksaysthatthemakingofgiantstatuesstoppedbecauseeconomicdifficulties(thelackoffishtoeat)leftislanderswithoutanyenergytomakethem,andalsoitbecausetherewerenologstotransportthem.Inthereading,however,itisarguedthatthistraditionalculturepracticeofEasterIslandwasdestructedbyinvasion.44精品課件開(kāi)頭段劃去BODYPART只看開(kāi)頭段

模板45精品課件Modulartemplate

開(kāi)頭段：Inthelecture,theprofessormadeseveralpointsabout_________.Theprofessorarguesthat__________.However,thereadingcontendsthat______________.Thelecturecontradictsthereadingregardingseveralpoints

46精品課件Firstly,thelecturerpointsoutthat______whichdiffersfromthereadinginthatthereadingstates______________.Theprofessorproveshisideawithanexample/areasonthat___________.Thepointmadebytheprofessorcastsdoubtonthereading.47精品課件Secondly,contrarytothebeliefinthepassagethat____________,theprofessorclaimsthat_____________byshowingthat___________.Thepointunderminestheclaimmadeinthereading.48精品課件Finally,theprofessorstatesthat_________.Thisiscontrarytotheclaimthat___________.Alsotheprofessorexemplifieshis/heropinionbyshowingthat________.Thisdirectlychallengeswhatthereadingpassageindicates.Inconclusion,thepointsmadeinthelecturecontrastwiththereading.49精品課件INTEGRATEDTASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“雙欄式〞筆記法：2-columnwayT:R:L:R:123L:12350精品課件ALTRUISMOGp282R:1.donorsgainnothing2.Sentinelmeerkats╳foodinguarding3.sen.meer.IndangerfrompredatorsL:1.Donorsgainappreciationfromsociety2.sen.Meer.Eatb4othermeers.3.sen.The1sttoescapefrompredators.51精品課件ALTRUISM的范文IntroductionParagraphThetopicforthelectureandthereadingpassageis______.Theprofessorarguesthat______________________________________________________whilethereadingcontendsthat________________________________________________________________________________.Thelecturecontradictsthereadingregardingseveralpoints.altruism

peopleandanimalsactuallybenefitfromso-calledaltruismacts

altruismisakindofunselfishbehaviorwhichisquitecommonamongpeopleandanimals52精品課件BodyParagraph1Firstly,thelecturerpointsoutthat____________________________________________________whichdiffersfromthereadinginthatthereadingstates_____________________________.Inotherwords,_______________________________________________________________.Thepointmadebytheprofessorcastsdoubtonthereading.

sentinelmeerkatsactuallyeatbeforetheothermeerkatstheygowithoutfoodtostandguardsentinelmeerkatshaveafullstomachastheyworkaccordingtorecentstudies53精品課件BodyParagraph2Secondly,contrarytothebeliefinthepassagethat______________________________________________________,theprofessorclaimsthat_______________________________byshowingthat___________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Thepointunderminestheclaimmadeinthereading.

sentinelmeerkatsplacethemselvesindangerfrompredators

thealarmsentinelsgiveoffcandrawawaytheattentionfromthepredatorsandthesentinelmeerkatsstandneartheburrow

theyareactuallythefirsttoescape

54精品課件BodyParagraph3Finally,theprofessorstatesthat_____________________________________________________________________.Thisiscontrarytotheclaiminthepassagethat___________________________________.Alsotheprofessorillustrateshisopinionbyshowingthat_______________________________________________________.Thisdirectlycontradictswhattherea