挑戰(zhàn)練02 閱讀理解(推理判斷題)(解析版)-2020-2021學年下學期高二英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)

2020~2021學年下學期高二英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)02閱讀理解(推理判斷題)1Whenweexperienceearthquakes,medicalemergencies—whateverthesituation,thefirstthingyouprobablydoispanic.Everybodydoes.Whilemanyofusthinkthatwe’recoolinacrisis,sciencetellsusthatweseldomare.Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,butourattentiongoestothescariestthingonthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Atthemoment,we’reanythingbutatourbest.Thesenormalhumanreactionscanbereversed.Forexample,firefightersaretaughthowtobringdowntheirbloodpressureandheartratesquickly,boxbreathing,bellybreathing,humbreathing—youcanlearnthesetechniquesinminutes.Onceyoucalmdown,you’llidentifyaccuratelywhattheproblemisreallyabout.Lackofpracticealwayscausesustojudgeproblemsinwrongways.Doingthethinkingaheadoftimealsohelpsyoufireoffthesolutionwhenit’sshowtime.Thisiswhyyouareadvisedtofindtheclosestexitbeforetheflight.Andsometimeswearen’tpreparedwithalltheknowledgeweneed.Let’ssaywe’reonahikeandabearshowsup.Whatshallwedo?Bettertoreadsuggestionsonhowtorespondbeforeheadingintothewild.Performinginacrisisisbecomingmoreimportantforallofusfortworeasons.Backinthegoodolddays,thereliabilityofmostanythingweusedordidwasfarlessthanitistoday.Nowthinkaboutwhathappenstoourpreparednessastheprobabilityofsomethinghadhappeningreduces.Unlesswepracticewhathardlyeverhappens,ourabilitytorespondwhenitdoeshappentendstoslipaway.Reliabilitycankillyou.Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremorecomplex.Thereareseldommovingpartsinplainviewthatallowustoseewhenthingsareabouttogowrong.Consequently,terriblesituationscan“comeoutofnowhere”.Ironically,thesystemsthatweredesignedtolessenourworkloadmightrequireustoremaininastateofincreasedvigilance(警覺)inordertosurvivetheseincreasinglyinfrequenteventswhentheydohappen.Astechnologybecomespartofmosteverything,andasonce-largerisksbreakintocountlesssmallones,crisissituationsmaybecomestandardaffairs.Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatwearesmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.1.Accordingtothepassage,whenanarmedrobbery(搶劫)happens,mostwitnesseswillfirst___________.A.observethesurroundingsB.pretendtobecalmC.decidewhattodoD.focusonthegun2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reversed”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Tested. B.Changed. C.Predicted. D.Understood3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that___________.A.thingsarelessdependablethantheyusedtobeB.cautiousnesshelpspreventtheoccurrenceofcrisisC.conveniencereducesourproblem-solvingcapabilityD.thecomplexityofpresentsystemsensuresoursafety4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducewaysofavoidingcrisissituations.B.Topointouttheconnectionbetweenstressandrisks.C.Toraiseawarenessofthepreparationforemergencies.D.Toanalysetheinfluenceoftechnologyoncrisismanagement.【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是，雖然很多人都認為自己在危機中很冷靜，但科學告訴我們，我們很少能做到。因此，市民對突發(fā)事件的防范意識要提高。1.推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Whilemanyofusthinkthatwe’recoolinacrisis,sciencetellsusthatweseldomare.Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,butourattentiongoestothescariestthingonthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.（雖然很多人都認為自己在危機中很冷靜，但科學告訴我們，我們很少能做到。此時此刻，我們需要敏銳地意識到我們周圍的環(huán)境，但我們的注意力卻集中在了現場最可怕的東西上，讓我們對周圍的其他景象、聲音甚至氣味渾然不覺。）”可知，根據文章，危機出現時，人們的注意力集中在了現場最可怕的東西上，可得出當武裝搶劫發(fā)生時，大多數目擊者會首先關注槍。故選D。2.詞義猜測題。根據第一段中“Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,butourattentiongoestothescariestthingonthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Atthemoment,we’reanythingbutatourbest.（此時此刻，我們需要敏銳地意識到我們周圍的環(huán)境，但我們的注意力卻集中在了現場最可怕的東西上，讓我們對周圍的其他景象、聲音甚至氣味渾然不覺。目前，我們還沒有達到最佳狀態(tài)。）”，和第二段中的“Forexample,firefightersaretaughthowtobringdowntheirbloodpressureandheartratesquickly,boxbreathing,bellybreathing,humbreathing—youcanlearnthesetechniquesinminutes.Onceyoucalmdown,you’llidentifyaccuratelywhattheproblemisreallyabout.（例如，消防員被教導如何快速降低他們的血壓和心率，箱式呼吸法，腹部呼吸法，哼哼呼吸法——你可以在幾分鐘內學會這些技巧。一旦你冷靜下來，你就會準確地識別出問題的真正原因。）”可知，上文講危機出現時，人們的注意力集中在了現場最可怕的東西上，害怕因而無法冷靜，下文講通過適當方法，人們可以冷靜下來，所以這些正常的人類反應（害怕/無法冷靜）是可以逆轉的。由此推知，劃線詞的意思是“改變”。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Unlesswepracticewhathardlyeverhappens,ourabilitytorespondwhenitdoeshappentendstoslipaway.Reliabilitycankillyou.Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremorecomplex.Thereareseldommovingpartsinplainviewthatallowustoseewhenthingsareabouttogowrong.（除非我們練習幾乎不發(fā)生的事情，否則當事情發(fā)生時，我們的反應能力往往會消失?？煽啃詴Я四?。此外，我們今天使用的系統(tǒng)更加復雜。在肉眼可見的情況下，很少有活動部件能讓我們看到事情什么時候會出錯。）”可知，從第三段中可以推斷出，現代生活給予人們生活可靠性，系統(tǒng)性讓人們規(guī)避很多錯誤，世界的便利性降低了我們解決問題的能力。故選C。4.推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Astechnologybecomespartofmosteverything,andasonce-largerisksbreakintocountlesssmallones,crisissituationsmaybecomestandardaffairs.Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatwearesmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.（隨著技術成為絕大多數事物的一部分，隨著曾經的巨大風險演變成無數的小風險，危機局勢可能會成為常態(tài)。我們都應該學會呼吸，認識到情況，并執(zhí)行計劃，我們足夠聰明地提前做好準備。）”可知，危機局勢可能會成為常態(tài)，人們應該要做好準備應對它，這篇文章的目的是為了提高市民對突發(fā)事件的防范意識。故選C。2Nowadays,itismorecommonforpeopletoexpresstheirthoughtsinane-mailortext.Infact,moreandmorestudentsusetechnologyforwrittencommunicationintheirlives.Evenso,researchshowsthatteachinghandwritingskillshasitsbenefits(好處).However,arethebenefitsworthspendingvaluableclassroomtimeonteachinghandwritingskillswhenstudentscouldbelearningmoreaboutcomputerkeyboarding?Statesacrossthecountryhavegoodreasonstorequirestudentstolearncomputerkeyboardingskills.Forone,studentsarelearningatechnologythatwillhelpthemcommunicatefasterwithmorepeopleandinmanydifferentforms,suchase-mails,websites,blogs,andsoon.Also,thebetterastudent'scomputerkeyboardingskills,thegreaterthechancethatstudenthastobecomeabetterwriter.Computertoolssuchasthegrammarandspellcheckmakecorrectingquickandeasy,althoughnot100%accurate(準確無誤的).Withtheseandmanyothertools,studentsgainimportantcomputerskills.Furthermore,studentsnolongerhavetoworryabouttheirwritingbeinggradedpoorlybyteachers.Allinall,computerkeyboardingskillsareastepintherightdirection.Still,theadvantagesofcomputerkeyboardingskillsmaynotbeenoughtoleavehandwritinginstructioninthedust.MarlenaHamilton,professorofneurologyatUniversityofPennsylvania,didanexperimentwithherco-workerstostudywhathappensinstudents'brainswhenwriting.Theyfoundthatmanyoftheareasofthebrainlightup.Thesearethesameareasthatareusedtolearntoread.Theythenwonderedifthesamewouldbetruewhenstudentslookedatlettersonakeyboard.“Whatwefound,”shestates,“isthatbrainsaremuchlessinvolvedwhenwejustviewletters.Whenweactuallyuseourhandstomakethings,thebrainworksmuchharder.”Schoolsacrossthenationarelookingattheevidenceanddecidingwhattodo.WilliamMcIntyre,areadingcoachatSunshineElementarySchoolinAlbany,NewYork,says,“Whatwehavelearnedfromtheresearchisthatlearninghandwritingbenefitsstudentseducationally.Whatwealsoknowisthatstudentsneedtobetaughtkeyboardingskills.”Now,itisuptoeachschooltomakeadecision.5.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlywanttoshow?A.Therolesofcomputertools.B.Theimportanceofcommunicationskills.C.Theadvantagesofkeyboardingskills.D.Thenecessityofdevelopingwritingskills.6.What'stheauthor'sattitudetostudents'learningkeyboardingskills?A.Worried B.Doubtful C.Supportive D.Uncaring7.WhatcantheresultofHamilton'sexperimentprove?A.Handwritingishelpfulforlearning.B.Keyboardingskillsareveryuseful.C.Keyboardingmakesourbrainmoreactive.D.Handwritingismoredifficultthankeyboarding.8.Whatkindofdecisiondoestheauthorrefertointhelastparagraph?A.Whetherschoolsshouldstillteachhandwriting.B.Whetherschoolsshouldoffercomputerclasses.C.Whetherstudentsshouldlearnkeyboardingskills.D.Whetherstudentsshouldusethegrammarandspellcheck.【答案】5.C6.C7.A8.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹現在通過鍵盤交流非常普遍，學習鍵盤技能對學生來說有很多優(yōu)勢，但是書法技能也可以提高學生的學習能力。5.段落大意題。根據文章第二段“Statesacrossthecountryhavegoodreasonstorequirestudentstolearncomputerkeyboardingskills.(美國各州都有充分的理由要求學生學習電腦鍵盤技能。)”及本段內容可知，第二段主要介紹鍵盤技能的優(yōu)勢。故選C。6.推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Allinall,computerkeyboardingskillsareastepintherightdirection.(總而言之，計算機鍵盤技能是朝著正確方向邁出的一步。)”可推斷，作者認為學習鍵盤技能是正確的，因此作者對于學生學習鍵盤技能是贊成的。故選C。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段“Theyfoundthatmanyoftheareasofthebrainlightup.Thesearethesameareasthatareusedtolearntoread.(他們發(fā)現大腦的許多區(qū)域都被激活了。這些區(qū)域是用來學習閱讀的。)”可知，漢密爾頓的實驗結果證明手寫能激活大腦的學習區(qū)域，所以手寫對學習有幫助。故選A。8.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段“WilliamMcIntyre,areadingcoachatSunshineElementarySchoolinAlbany,NewYork,says,“Whatwehavelearnedfromtheresearchisthatlearninghandwritingbenefitsstudentseducationally.Whatwealsoknowisthatstudentsneedtobetaughtkeyboardingskills.”Now,itisuptoeachschooltomakeadecision.(紐約奧爾巴尼陽光小學的閱讀教練威廉·麥金太爾說：“我們從研究中了解到，學習書法對學生的教育有好處。我們還知道，學生需要學習鍵盤技能?！爆F在，每個學校都要做出決定。)”可知，作者認為書寫對學生的教育有好處，他認為學校應該對此做決定了，所以作者提到的決定是是否學校應該教學生書法。故選A。3Today’sstudentshaveaproblem.Theywerebornintoaworldwheretechnology,smartphones,andimmediateaccesstotheInternetarehurtingtheirabilitytofocusandchangingthewaytheythink.Nowteachershaveaproblemtoo.Theyfinditparticularlyexhaustingtoaskstudentstoreadcomplexorlongtextswithouttakingregularbreaks.Smartphoneshaveclearlyaffectedtheyoungergeneration,buthoweducationshouldevolvefordigital-nativestudents?Acommonideaamongteachersisthatshortisgood.Whenstudentscan’tseemtopayattentiontolonglectures,manyteacherssimplybreaklessonsintosmallerpatterns.Infact,studentsneedtimetoengagewithatopiconcetheteacherintroducesitbeforemovingon.Switchingbetweensmalllessonstooquicklycouldrobthemofvaluablecomprehension.Therearealsoteacherswhobeginclasseswithmeditation(深思)exercisestohelptheirstudentsfocus.However,itturnsoutthatanysortof“techbreaks”couldcounteractstrongdesirestomultitask.A2018studyfoundthatstudentsagedbetween10and24tendtostayawayfromphysicalbooks.Theyprefervideoasasourceofinformationsecondonlytoteachers.Therefore,sometech-forwardteacherschooseplatformssuchasYouTubeandInstagram.AshaChoksi,vice-presidentofglobalresearchatPearson,givestheexampleofateacherwhofilmshimselfperformingascienceexperimentandpostsittoYouTube.Whenitistimeforclass,heusesthevideotoillustratematerialinthetextbook,whichcanseemboringtostudents.Still,whilethoseeducatorsareembracingtechnologyintheclassroomtomeetstudent’sneeds,theyalsofindvalueintraditionalmethods,andsosuggesta“blended(混合的)learning”approach.Directinstructionfromthemwillneverbereplacedintheirclasses.Technologywillbefavoredonlywhenitimprovesalessoninwaysthatareimpossibleoffline.Digitalnativeswillcontinuetoeagerlyadoptnewmedia.Teachershavenochoicebuttoevolve.Theyaremakinganeffortnotonlytoensurethatstudentscantakeadvantageofnewtechnologies,buttoteachstudentsvaluableskillsthatcanhelpthemthinkinaworldconstantlytryingtodistractthem.ThinkoftheZuckerbergs,theGates,theJobsandallthosepioneersinthetechworld.Theybecamesuccessfulnotbecausetheycouldcode(編程);itwasbecausetheycouldthink.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counteract”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Motivate. B.Reduce. C.Compensate. D.Influence.10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.Teachersadoptshortlectures,smalllessons,whichcouldbehardtounderstandsometimes.B.Teachersemploymeditationexercisestohelpstudentsconcentrateonclass,whichisoflittleeffect.C.Studentsagedbetween10and24don’tpreferphysicalbooks,soYouTubeandInstagrammaybeagoodchoice.D.Studentsagedbetween10and24prefervideostoteachers,sousingvideostoexplaintextbooksisapopularway.11.Accordingtothearticle,a“blendedlearning”approachissuggestedmainlybecause________.(1).theconventionalwayofteachingremainsunchallenged(2).technologyisausefulsupplementtotextbooks(3).materialinthetextbookistooboringtomoststudents(4).teacherswanttochangetheirtraditionalteachingmethodsA.(1)(2) B.(2)(3) C.(3)(4) D.(1)(4)12.Accordingtotheauthor,ateacher’stoppriorityis________.A.toshareasmuchknowledgewithstudentsaspossibleB.toencouragestudentstomakefulluseofnewtechnologiesC.tohelpstudentsdeveloptheirabilitytothinkcriticallyandcreativelyD.toinstructstudentstolimittheiruseofsmartphonesandsocialmedia【答案】9.B10.D11.A12.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了如今為了適應年輕一代被智能手機分心的影響，老師們也在學著改進自己的教學方式，文章列舉了教師們所采取的一些方法和作者對此的看法。9.詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Therearealsoteacherswhobeginclasseswithmeditation(深思)exercisestohelptheirstudentsfocus.(也有老師以冥想練習開始課堂，以幫助學生集中注意力)”；“However,itturnsoutthatanysortof“techbreaks”could”后文“strongdesirestomultitask.”可知，however表示轉折，說明老師用來幫助學生集中注意力的冥想練習，經過事實證明，任何形式的“技術休息”都可能減少人們一心多用的強烈愿望。故畫線詞意思是“減少”。A.motivate激發(fā)；B.reduce減少；C.compensate補償；D.influence影響。故選B。10.細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段中“A2018studyfoundthatstudentsagedbetween10and24tendtostayawayfromphysicalbooks.Theyprefervideoasasourceofinformationsecondonlytoteachers.(2018年的一項研究發(fā)現，10歲至24歲的學生傾向于遠離實體書。他們喜歡把視頻作為僅次于老師的信息來源)”以及“AshaChoksi,vice-presidentofglobalresearchatPearson,givestheexampleofateacherwhofilmshimselfperformingascienceexperimentandpostsittoYouTube.Whenitistimeforclass,heusesthevideotoillustratematerialinthetextbook,whichcanseemboringtostudents.(培生全球研究副總裁AshaChoksi舉了一個例子，一位老師將自己進行科學實驗的過程拍攝下來，并將其發(fā)布到YouTube上。上課的時候，他會用視頻給課本上的內容配圖，而學生們可能會覺得這些內容很無聊)”可知，D選項“10到24歲的學生更喜歡視頻而不是老師，所以使用視頻來解釋教科書是一種流行的方式”不正確。故選D。11.細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段“Still,whilethoseeducatorsareembracingtechnologyintheclassroomtomeetstudent’sneeds,theyalsofindvalueintraditionalmethods,andsosuggesta“blendedlearning”approach.Directinstructionfromthemwillneverbereplacedintheirclasses.Technologywillbefavoredonlywhenitimprovesalessoninwaysthatareimpossibleoffline.(盡管這些教育者在課堂上擁抱技術以滿足學生的需求，但他們也發(fā)現了傳統(tǒng)方法的價值，因此提出了一種“混合學習”的方法。在他們的課堂上，他們的直接指令永遠不會被取代。只有當技術以離線無法實現的方式促進課程時，它才會受到青睞)”可知，建議“混合學習”方法主要是因為教師的權威仍然沒有受到挑戰(zhàn)，以及技術是教科書的有用補充。故選A。12.推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Theyaremakinganeffortnotonlytoensurethatstudentscantakeadvantageofnewtechnologies,buttoteachstudentsvaluableskillsthatcanhelpthemthinkinaworldconstantlytryingtodistractthem.ThinkoftheZuckerbergs,theGates,theJobsandallthosepioneersinthetechworld.Theybecamesuccessfulnotbecausetheycouldcode;itwasbecausetheycouldthink.(他們不僅努力確保學生能夠利用新技術，還努力教授學生有價值的技能，幫助他們在這個不斷試圖分散他們注意力的世界中思考。想想扎克伯格、蓋茨、喬布斯以及科技世界的所有先驅者。他們成功不是因為他們會編程，而是因為他們能夠思考)”可推知，作者認為老師的首要任務是幫助學生培養(yǎng)批判性和創(chuàng)造性思維的能力。故選C。4Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveysonthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.13.Thesurveysinformusof________.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication14.Thewriterbelievesthat________.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitude?B.DependenceorIndependence?C.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChanges?D.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement?【答案】13.C14.C15.A【解析】這是一篇議論文，本文以父母對于上大學的成年子女過度保護的問題為例，提出了科技帶來的一些改變容易被誤認為態(tài)度的改變的論點。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Surveysonthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.(關于這一話題的調查顯示，即使在孩子搬進大學宿舍后，如今的父母仍然對他們保持著“非?！被颉坝悬c”過度的保護。)”可知，調查告訴我們父母對于上大學的孩子過度保護。故選C項。14.推理判斷題。第三段“However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.(然而，父母更多的參與并不一定意味著父母沒有對他們的成年子女放手。)”提出，調查的結果并不能理解為現在的家長對孩子不放手，結合第四段內容及最后一句“Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.(許多研究表明，如果不是因為給孩子打電話的手段和費用是一個障礙，年紀較大的父母——如今的祖父母——會更經常地給孩子打電話。)”可知，本段論述了父母更多參與孩子的生活的真正原因是科技的發(fā)展使得交流手段更豐富，成本更低廉。故選C項。15.主旨大意題。根據全文內容，結合第一段最后一句“However,socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.(然而，新科技帶來的社會改變容易被誤認為是態(tài)度的改變。)”可知，本文以父母對于上大學的成年子女過度保護的問題為例，論述了科技帶來的一些改變是否是態(tài)度的改變。故A項“科技還是態(tài)度？”適合作為文章標題。故選A項。5Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today'sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld'sattention.Paparazzi(狗仔隊)campoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloids(小報)publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature.AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillareal,celebrities—famouspeople—worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually,theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare,seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem,notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplain(抱怨)abouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.Beingapublicfiguretoday,however,isalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous,thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir"story"aliveforever.Iffameissotroublesome,whyaren'tallcelebritiesrunningawayfromit?Theansweristherearestillwaystodealwithit.Somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselveswithtrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescapingtoremoteplacesawayfrombigcities.Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace.Sometimesafewcelebritiescangetalittlejustice.Still,evenstarswhoenjoyfulljusticeoftencomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare.Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.16.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatstarstoday________.A.areoftenmisunderstoodbythepublicB.cannolongerhavetheirprivacyprotectedC.spendtoomuchontheirpublicappearanceD.carelittleabouthowtheyhavecomeintofame17.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Well-knownactorsarcusuallytargetsoftabloids.B.Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.C.Greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired.D.Theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.18.Whatmakesitmuchhardertobeacelebritytoday?A.Hugepopulationoffans. B.Availabilityofmodernmedia.C.Lackoffavorablechances. D.Inadequatesocialrecognition.19.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardmoderncelebrity?A.Sympathetic. B.Skeptical. C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.【答案】16.B17.D18.B19.A【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章講述的是成名給名人們的生活帶來的影響，以及處理這些問題的方法，并以此引發(fā)讀者思考。16.推理判斷題。根據第一段的“Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld'sattention.Paparazzi(狗仔隊)campoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloids(小報)publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.(他們是世界關注的焦點。狗仔隊在家門口扎營，準備好攝像機。小報刊登關于他們有關私人生活的讓人激動的故事)”可知，他們的生活完全被媒體報道。由此推測，他們生活中的隱私已經處于了沒有任何保護的狀態(tài)了。故選B項。17.主旨大意題。根據第三段的中心句，即第一句“Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.(跟蹤名人的現象由來已久)”此段然后列舉了一些之前的名人遇到的被跟隨的事，可知，該段落主要講的是名人遇到的這種問題已經有了很久的歷史了，故選D項。18.細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段的“Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous,thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir"story"aliveforever.(超級明星四處走動，都要擔心拿著現代攝像機的記者。當他們說了一些傻話或做了一些荒謬的事，互聯網總是在幾分鐘內就把他們的故事生動地傳開)”可知，他們做任何事情都會被現代照相機、網絡等當代媒體捕捉并傳播。因此，這些現代媒體讓現在做名人不容易。故選B項。19.推理判斷題。根據第一段的“Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today'sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.(今天的明星盡管變得有名，聽起來好像實現了夢想，但是，他們就像動物園里的動物，面臨著我們想象不到的壓力)”可知，作者覺得現在的名人就像是動物園里的動物一樣，沒有自由。文章其他段落揭示了名人一直都處在被跟蹤中，現在媒體讓現在的名人處境更加艱難，而且他們沒有隱私，失去自我，變得孤獨、變得被世界隔離。最后一段中“Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.(他們已經厭倦了出名)”從名人的角度直接表達了出名的辛苦，因此可以推斷出，作者對他們應該是同情的態(tài)度，故選A項。6I'minterestedintheRenaissance,soIlikevisitingancientItaliancities.FerraraiscalledCityoftheRenaissance.WhenIlearnedaboutthiscityontheInternet,Idecidedtopayavisittoit.Thecityhasacertaincharmandcalmness,butIfinditisn'tasgreatasotherItaliancitieslikeVerona,letaloneVenic