考研《英語一》河南省商丘市柘城縣2023年臨考沖刺試題含解析

考研《英語一》河南省商丘市柘城縣2023年臨考沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Orderisthebestmanageroftime.Itillustratesmanysubjects.Thus,obediencetothenaturallawisorder.Virtueisorder.Theworldbeganwithit.1wasoncecommonbeforeitsestablishment.Themerchant,theclerkandthelaborerareallofthesame2,bornwiththesameexpectationsandaffectedbysimilarinfluences.Theyare,itis3,bornindifferentpositions,butit4withthemselveswhethertheyshalllivenoblyorevilly.Theymaynothavetheirchoiceofrichesorpoverty,buttheyhavetheir5ofbeinggoodorevil.Peopleofthehighestposition,6cultureandeducation,haveoftenasgreathardshipsasthecommonpeople.Theyhavetomaketheirincomesgomuchfurther.Theyhaveto7theirsocialstatus.8theirincomesmaybelesssatisfactory,theyaredesperateto9andbringthechildrenupasgentlemen.Hume,afamoushistorian,wasamanofgoodfamilybuthis10wereverysmallwhenhewasyoung.Inhisautobiography,heuseshisowncaseasa(n)11oftheadvantagesoffrugality(節(jié)省).Despiteaconsiderabledebt,hismother,awidow,12metthedifficultiesandeventuallyovercamethem.Thoughherincomewaslessthanthatofmanyhighlypaidmen,sheeducatedherchildrenwellandbroughtthemup13.Humesays,“WhilestudyinginFrance,I14thatplanoflifewhichIhavesteadilyandsuccessfullypursued.Ideterminedtomakea15frugalitysupplyofmyshortageoffortuneandto16myindependence.”Atthirty-sixhethoughthimselfrich.Thesearehisownwords:“Myappointments,withmyfrugality,hadhelpedmereachafortunewhichmademe17”.Goethesays,“Itdoesn’tmatterwithinwhatcircleanhonestmanacts,providedheknowshowto18thatcircle.”“Whatisthebestgovernment?”Goetheasks,“Thatwhichteachesusto19ourselves!Leteveryoneonlydotherightinhisplace,without20himselfabouttheconfusionoftheworld.”1、A．ChaosB．OffenceC．PunishmentD．Condemnation2、A．originB．raceC．natureD．interest3、A．hopefulB．strangeC．vitalD．true4、A．a(chǎn)greesB．restsC．correspondsD．conflicts5、A．ideaB．optionC．freedomD．intention6、A．indefenceofB．incourseofC．inanticipationofD．inrespectof7、A．giveupB．dependonC．lookforD．keepup8、A．SinceB．ThoughC．UnlessD．When9、A．educateB．encourageC．blameD．spoil10、A．a(chǎn)mbitionsB．a(chǎn)chievementsC．meansD．contributions11、A．a(chǎn)ssuranceB．consequenceC．illustrationD．criterion12、A．bravelyB．stubbornlyC．sharplyD．tentatively13、A．faithfullyB．plainlyC．gratefullyD．virtuously14、A．proposedB．madeC．discussedD．a(chǎn)pproved15、A．rigidB．casualC．liberalD．flexible16、A．balanceB．restoreC．valueD．maintain17、A．a(chǎn)ttractiveB．proudC．independentD．knowledgeable18、A．fitinB．moveinC．endinD．engagein19、A．protectB．justifyC．governD．display20、A．questioningB．troublingC．scoldingD．a(chǎn)bandoningSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ChineseaudiencesseemednottohavebeensatisfiedwiththethirdseasonofthehighlyanticipatedfooddocumentaryABiteofChina.Eventhoughtheserieshasmaintainedhighviewershipratingssinceitscomebacklastweek,muchhigherthanotherprogramsairedatthesametime,therankingonDouban,asocialnetworkingwebsitefeaturingfilms,literatureandevents,slippedto4.2outof10,asofTuesday,comparedwith9.3and8.4,respectively,forthefirsttwoseasons.Pickyviewerscomplainthatsomeofthenarrationisnotaccurate,whileotherspinpointmisleadingcontent.Atthesametime,foodblogger@barbaraquestionedwhetheritisappropriatetogiveaclose-upshotofthepoisonousplantNandina（南天竺）inafoodprogram.ABiteofChina,whichdebutedin2012,becamehugelypopularnationwideforitsqualityintroductionofsomerarely-knownandmouth-wateringdomesticcuisine.Inthenewshow,however,watchersarenotsatisfiedwith“irrelevant”foodreferences,suchaslipsticksmadeofChinesetraditionalmedicineandmartialartsmaster.Thefirstepisodeintroducedahand-madeironfryingpanfromeastChina’sShandongprovince,whichpromptedthousandsofChineseInternetuserstobuyonefromChina’sleadinge-commercewebsiteTmallinthenextfewdays.Salesofthepanat“Zhensanhuan”surged6,000timescomparedwithayearago,accordingtoBeijingYouthDaily.Inresponsetooverwhelmingcriticismandquestions,ABiteofChinaproductioncrewrespondedonWeibothattheyseekinnovationdespitetherisksfollowingthefirsttwophenomenalseasons.“Itisunavoidabletomakecomparisonswiththefirsttwo,andsomeaudiencesmaynotacceptthechanges,”thecrewsaid.“Weexplorethecultureandcivilizationbehindfood,andgivefoodahistorictouch.That’swhywefeatureculinary（烹飪的）tools,feastandrituals,aswellasahealthydiettoshowChinesewisdomandphilosophy,whichhasnotbeenshowninanyfoodprogramsbefore.”1、WhydoesthepassagementionNandina?A．Becausesomeofthenarrationisnotaccurate.B．Becauseitmaybeimpropertogiveaclose-upshotofapoisonousplant.C．Becauseitismisleadingcontent.D．Becauseitisnotattractiveatalltomostpickyviewers.2、Whichofthefollowingelementsleadstoviewers’dissatisfactionwiththenewshow?A．somemouth-wateringdomesticcuisinesB．food-unrelateditemsC．somerarely-knowncuisinesD．theincreasingsalesofthepanat“Zhensanhuan”3、Accordingtoitsproductioncrew,whatisuniqueto‘ABiteofChinaIII’?A．Itmakescomparisonswiththefirsttwoepisodes.B．Ittellsthestoryofsomemartialartsrelatedtofood.C．Itreceivesoverwhelmingcriticismandquestionsfromaudience.D．Itfocusesoncookingtools,ritualsandhealthyeating.4、Whatisthebestthetitleforthepassage?A．'ABiteofChinaIII'DrawsCriticismfromAudiencesB．'ABiteofChinaIII'MaintainsHighViewershipRatingsC．'ABiteofChinaIII'ChangesfortheWorseD．'ABiteofChinaIII'ExplainsitsPurposesText2Myfriends,EmmaDaniels,spentthesummerof1974travelinginIsrael.Duringhermonth-longstayinJerusalemsheoftenwenttoacafécalledChocolateSoup.Itwasrunbytwomen,oneofwhom–Alex–usedtoliveinMontreal.OnemorningwhenEmmawentinforcoffee,whilechattingwithhernewfriendAlex,shementionedthatshehadjustfinishedthebookshewasreadingandhadnothingelsetoread.Alexsaidhehadawonderfulbookshemightlike,andthathe’dbehappytolendittoher.Ashelivedjustabovethecafé,hequicklyranuptogetit.ThebookhehandedtoEmmajustminuteslaterwasMarkings,abookbyaformerSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations(UN).Emmahadneverreadit,norhadsheeverboughtacopy.But,whensheopeneditup,shewasflooredtoseeherownnameandaddressinsidethecoverinherownhandwriting.Itturnedoutthatthesummerbefore,ataconcertbackinMontreal,EmmahadmetaCalifornianwhowasintownvisitingfriends.Theydecidedtoexchangeaddresses,butneitherofthemhadanypaper.ThemanopenedupabookhewascarryinginhisbackpackandaskedEmmatowritehernameandaddressinside.WhenhereturnedtoCalifornia,heleftthebookbehindinMontreal,andhisfriendAlexkeptit.WhenAlexlatermovedtoJerusalcm,hetookthebookalong.1、AlexlentEmmathebook,Markings,_____.A．toshowhisfriendlinesstoherB．toshowhisinterestinreadingC．totellherabouttheimportanceofUND．toletherwritehernameandaddressinside2、HowdidEmmafeelthemomentsheopenedthebook?A．Pleased. B．Satisfied.C．Worried. D．Surprised.3、WecanlearnfromthetexttheCalifornian.A．metEmmaataconcert B．invitedEmmatoaconcertC．introducedEmmatohisfriend D．leftEmmahisbackpackText3Taxi-bookingappUberagreedtosellitsbusinessinChinatoDidiChuxing.Thetwofirmshadbeenfiercecompetitors,butDidiChuxinghadcontrolledtheChinesemarketwithan87%share.UberChinalaunchedin2014,butithadfailedtomakeanyprofitforalongtime.ChengWei,founderandchiefexecutiveofDidiChuxing,saidthetwocompanieshadlearnedagreatdealfromeachotheroverthepasttwoyearsinChina.Headdedthatthedealwouldsetthemobiletransportationindustryonahealthierpathofgrowthatahigherlevel.Aspartofthedeal,Mr.ChengwouldjointheboardofUber,whileUberchiefexecutiveTravisKalanickwouldalsojoinDidi’sboard.Uber’sChinabusinesswouldownitsseparatebrandingwhileUS-basedUberTechnologieswouldholdabout17.5%inthecombinedcompany.DidiChuxingisbackedbyChineseInternetgiantsTencentandAlibaba.UberhadbeenstrugglingtobreakintotheChinesemarketdespitehavingChinesesearchengineBaiduasaninvestor.LastFebruary,thecompanyadmitteditwaslosingmorethan$1billionayearinChina.“FundingtheirChinesedreamswasbecomingtooexpensiveforUber,”DuncanClark,chairmanofBeijing-basedconsultancyBDA,toldtheBBC．TravisKalanicksaid,“Asabusinessman,I’velearnedthatbeingsuccessfulisaboutlisteningtoyourheadaswellasfollowingyourheart.”Thefiercecompetitionhadledbothcompaniestospendmuchmoreontheirjourneys.Thecombinationislikelytoseefewersuchsubsidies（補(bǔ)貼）.“Onethingtowatchcarefullyishowquicklyconsumersfeeltheimpactassubsidiesarewithdrawn.”Mr.Clarkadded.ThedealwithDidiChuxingcamejustdaysafterChinahadagreedtoprovidealegalframeworkfortaxi-orderingapps.BothUberandDidiwelcomedthedecision.ThenewrulestookeffectlastNovemberandcould,amongotherthings,forbidsuchplatformstooperatebelowcost.1、Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatcanweknow?A．Beingsuccessfulisaboutlisteningtoyourheadandfollowingyourheart.B．Thedealwouldmakethemobiletransportationindustrygrowmuchfaster.C．DidiChuxinghadlearntmoreinChinathanUberoverthepasttwoyears.D．Mr.ChengwouldbeworkingasamemberoftheboardofUberasplanned.2、Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．UbersoldChinesebusinesstoDidiChuxingB．UsingDidiChuxingbringsmoresubsidiesC．ListentoyourheadandfollowyourheartD．ThenewrulestookeffectlastNovember3、WhatistheimpactofthefiercecompetitionbetweenUberandDidi?A．UberdominatedtheChinesemarketwithan87%share.B．Chinaprovidedalegalframeworkfortaxi-orderingapps.C．FundingtheirChinesedreamsbecameexpensiveforUber.D．ChinesesearchengineBaidubecameaninvestorofUber’s.4、Thepassageisprobablytakenfromawebsiteabout________.A．a(chǎn)ppsB．politicsC．economyD．technologyText4Askanyreaderswhotheirfavoritefictionalcharacterinanovelisandyou’lllikelygetadetailedexplanationaboutthebelovedcharacterthattheyadmire.Itmightevensoundlikethey’retalkingaboutapersontheyknow.Inastudy,researcherslookedatthebrainsofagroupofpeopleoverninedays.HalfofthegroupreadthenovelPompeii,andhalfdidn’t.Afterexamining,researchersfoundthereaders’brainsshowedheightenedconnectivity(連通性)insomeareas.Thisislikelybecausethebrainimaginesthemovementandemotionsofthecharactertheyreadaboutinthebook.Eventhoughtheparticipantswerethenaskednottoreadthenovel,theykeptthisheightenedconnectivity.Wecallthata“shadowactivity”,almostlikeamusclememory.Soevenafteryou’vefinishedabook,yourbrainkeepsthosebenefitsforsometimeafterwards.Ithasbeensuggestedthatpeoplewhoreadalotoffictionbecomemoreempathic(移情作用的),becausefictionisasimulation(模仿)ofsocialexperiences,inwhichpeoplepracticeandimprovetheirinterpersonalskills.Thepeoplewhonotonlyreadfiction,butfeltahighlevelof“emotionaltransportation”whilereading---ascomparedtopeoplewhoweren’ttakenbythestoryorwhoreadnon-fiction---displayedhigherlevelsofempathywhentested.Increaseofempathyisimportantforpeoplebecauseempathyispositivelyrelatedtocreativity,performanceatworkandcooperativebehaviors.Besides,readingimproves“TheoryofMind”.Itis“theabilitytounderstandthatothershavementalstatesthataredifferentfromone’sown.”O(jiān)fvariousactivities,readingnovelshasbeenfoundtoimprovethisability,whilewatchingtelevisionprogramsormovieshasbeenfoundtodojusttheopposite---areducedunderstandingofothersandweakercognitive(認(rèn)知的)developmentoverall.Maybeweshouldputmoreofapriorityonnovel-reading.Andmanyreadersbelievethatreadinganovelisfarbetterandmoremeaningfulthanwatchinganymovie.AsDavidKiddoftheNewSchoolstudysaid,“Fictionisnotjustasimulatorofasocialexperience;itisasocialexperience.”1、WhatisimpliedintheParagraph2?A．Readingnovelsisjustawasteoftime.B．Readingnovelscanhelppeoplebecomehappy.C．Readingnovelsincreasesconnectivityinourbrain.D．Readingnovelshelpsenhanceourmemorygreatly.2、WhatdoweknowaboutnovelreadersfromParagraph3?A．Theytendtobeemotionalinsocialexperiences.B．Theyunderstandtheemotionsofpeoplebetter.C．Theyliketotalkabouttheirfavoritecharacters.D．Theyaremoresensitivetoeverything.3、What’stheeffectofwatchingTVormovies?A．Itdistinguishesyourviewsfromthoseofothers.B．Itcontributestoyourcognitivedevelopment.C．Itreducesyourempathyforothersalot.D．Itchangesyouroverallmentalstates.4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“priority”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Preference. B．Authority.C．Exposure. D．Evaluation.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AsanattractivecityintheNetherlands，Amsterdamisoneofthemostbicycle-friendly1．（city）intheworld，havingover800，000bikesinthecapitalBycomparison，thecityhasapopulationofonly750，000，lessthan2．numberofbikesAccordingtoasurvey3．（make）5yearsago，490，000peopleusedbicycleseverydayUptonow，peopleinAmsterdam4．（enjoy）theconvenienceofcyclingfordecadesThecityhasspecialfacilitiesforcyclists，5．canbeusedforfreeComparedwithothertransportationinthecity，bikesare6．（clean）andlessexpensivewhilealso7．（offer）healthbenefits8．reasonforbicycleridingisthatbicycletrafficis9．（relative）safeAmsterdammersrideawidevariety10．bicyclesManytouristsalsodiscoverAmsterdambybike，whichisatypicalDutchwayTheFallingStarsChallenge,whichbeganinRussia,invitesparticipants1．(share)theirbestfakefallandrecommendtheirfriendstodothesame,andpeoplehavebeengoingtomaketheirfallsasdramaticaspossibleAtfirst,theFallingStarsChallenge2．(regard)asawayforthewealthytoshowtheir3．(possession)Peoplewerephotographingthemselvesfallingfromcars,boatsandeventheirownprivatejets,4．(lie)face-downwithluxuriousjewelry,expensiveitemsfromhigh-endbrandssurroundingthemHowever,asthechallengespread,ittransformedfrombeingawayofshowingofftoacreativewaytoshow5．peopleconsiderimportantintheirlivesThesocialmediacrazesoonmade6．(it)waytoWeibo,aChinesesocialmediaplatformAmajordifferencewiththeChineseversionofthechallenge7．(be)thatprofessionalsfromdifferentindustriesparticipatedtoshowtheirdailyroutineTheseincludeafirefighterlyinginfrontofarowoffiretrucksand8．officeratanemergencycallcenteronthegroundwithdocumentsthrowninalldirectionsWhilesomepicturesareintended9．funonline,Chineseauthoritiesaretakingit10．(serious)SomepeoplewhohaveparticipatedinthetrendhavereceivedticketsforbreakingtrafficlawstogettheperfectphotoSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)GettingolderNoonereallyknowshowandwhypeoplechangeastheygetolder.1、Agingisacomplexandvariedprocessthatvariesinhowitaffectsdifferentpeopleandorgans.Infact,eveninoneperson,differentorgansystems“age”atdifferentrates.Atacertainpointinourlivesourbodysystemswillbegintoweaken.2、Itmaybecomemoredifficultforustoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthischangethatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.3、Agooddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandthetypeofexercisewegetareanothertwofactors.4、Butscientistsstudyingtheagingproblemwanttoknow:whydopeoplegrowold?Theyhopethatbystudyingtheagingmedicalsciencetheymaybeabletomakethelengthoflifelonger.5、Manyconsiderthelaterpartoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaybecomeless,butoftenwegetbetterunderstandingoftheworldandourselves.Whatweconsidertheoldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Withsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquickly,lifelengthmayonedaybemeasuredincenturies,ratherthaninyears!A．Ourlivingconditionisyetanother.B．Manyfactorsdecideourhealth.C．Ourstrengthmaybecomeweaker.D．Asfordiet,peopleareadvisedtoeatlesssaltandsugar.E.Thereisnothingtobeafraidofastheoldagecomes.F.Symptomsincludealackofenergy,slowreactions,insomniaandpoormemory.G.Also,notheorysufficientlyexplainsallthechangesoftheagingprocess.Approximatelyl,250kmlong,theRedSeacoastofEgyptissurelyoneofthebestplacesintheworldtogounderwaterdiving.1、？Itshotsunnyclimateandclearwarmwatermakeittheidealplaceforbeginnersaswellasfo