2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版infinitiveandvingform

Unit1Module5GrammarandusageTo-infinitiveandVerb-ingformasanounPart1To-infinitive表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)不定式賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)1.todoasasubject

Thecatsaid,“totakerollercoaster

isterrible”.Thecatsaid,“It’s

terribletotakerollercoaster.”Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster!不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以直接放在句首,但在很多情況下,尤其是在疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中,往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后,而用先行代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。It作形式主語(yǔ),不定式作真主語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)句型:

a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式Itisdifficulttolearnanewlanguage.b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame…)+不定式It’smydutytoteachyouhowtolearnEnglishwell.c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours/months/days/patience…)+不定式Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.從下列句子中可以看出不定式和動(dòng)名詞有什么區(qū)別嗎？1.Tocompletesuchahighbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.2.Todothatimpliestakingresponsibility.3.Studying/TostudyEnglishwellneedspatience.要點(diǎn)：不定式做主語(yǔ)既可以表示一般的狀態(tài)，（這點(diǎn)和動(dòng)名詞相同);又可以表示具體的某次動(dòng)作,這一點(diǎn)和動(dòng)名詞不一致。2.todoasapredicativeOurmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose,intention等或者主語(yǔ)是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，后面用不定式做表語(yǔ)當(dāng)不定式充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,表示具體動(dòng)作或是將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:1.Mywishistobeadoctor.2.Whatshewantstodois(to)tellyoua secret.3.Hisplanistogoabroadandcontinue hisstudies.1.Hisjobisdeliveringtheletterstotheirdestinations.2.MyjobistolookafterthesisterwhenMomiscooking.PS:而動(dòng)名詞則表示抽象的一般行為。注:

作表語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to,但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí),to可以省略。Nowtheonlythingwecan

do

is(to)wait.3.Todoasanobject

Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”(Tips:不定式否定為not/neverto)可以直接用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多,如agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wishliketo和likedoing的比較:IlikeplayingfootballbutIdon’tliketoplayfootballtoday.要點(diǎn)：不定式常常表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。2005年天津卷12題：Idon’twant___likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedb)只有少數(shù)介詞如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。一般情況下作介詞賓語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，但如果but或except所在句子里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有do,does,did時(shí)，通常省略to。Wehavenochoicebut

towait.Cf.Wecan

do

nothingbut

wait.有些動(dòng)詞如want,need,require等，當(dāng)它的主語(yǔ)為不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，后接不定式和v-ing都可以，但必須注意的是，v-ing須用主動(dòng)式，不定式須用被動(dòng)式Theflowersneed_______________.tobewateredTheflowersneed________whenitisdry.wateringThecatfelt

it

terrible

totakerollercoaster.當(dāng)不定式短語(yǔ)有賓補(bǔ)時(shí),往往將不定式放到賓補(bǔ)后,而用先行代詞it作形式賓語(yǔ),常用動(dòng)詞有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。4.

todoasanobjectcomplementYoushouldgetthemtohelpyou.(Theywillhelpyou.)(常用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:

get,ask,force,order,tell,invite,allow,wish,want,like,expect,advise,beg,cause,persuade,teach,warn,hate,permit,forbid,encourage等。)通常這樣的動(dòng)詞用在以下的結(jié)構(gòu)里:Verb+sb/sth+todosth2005全國(guó)卷(I)No.18Whilewatchingtelevision,______.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings2005福建卷No.23IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileI’mout,_____himorherleaveamessage.A.haveB.getC.askD.tellTips:有些動(dòng)詞后面須接不帶to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),常用的動(dòng)詞有:make,let,have,see;hear,watch,notice,feel;lookat,listento;observe

等,但是句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,不定式成為句子的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),需帶to。Theboss

made

her

work

longhours.

主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

賓補(bǔ)She主語(yǔ)wasmade

謂語(yǔ)towork

主補(bǔ)longhours(byherboss).Iwouldrather___(go)swimming.Youhadbetter____(tidy)yourbedroom.Whynot____(visit)yourcousininJapan?Tips:有些特殊句型后面須接不帶to的不定式。gotidyvisitShetoldme_____(be)cheerfuland_____(look)onthebrightside.Wehadnothing_____(do)but_____(watch)TV.Tips:

當(dāng)and,or,expect,but,than或ratherthan連接兩個(gè)不定式時(shí)，

第二個(gè)不定式符號(hào)省略。tobelooktodowatch5.todoasanattributeHehasnotkepthispromise_________(write)tohisparentsregularly.Shemadeadecision______(go)abroadforayear.不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ),修飾名詞。以下幾類(lèi)情況常用不定式作定語(yǔ):towritetogo①能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等Hemadeanattempttoopenthedoor,butfailed.②常與不定式搭配的形容詞,其同源名詞一般可以用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等Weknowforsurethathehastheabilitytofinishthetaskintime.

③序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)或被only,last,next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.1.Therearefivepairs_____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing2.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_______.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，與被修飾詞之間常因?yàn)槟撤N邏輯關(guān)系需要在不及物動(dòng)詞后酌情添加一個(gè)介詞。6.todoasanadverbial不定式可以作狀語(yǔ),表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。2005年遼寧卷22題：Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately__intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving①soasto(不能放句首),to,inorderto作目的狀語(yǔ)Hehurriedtothestationonly___thatthetrainhadgone.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound②在so…asto,such…asto,onlyto…結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。Shegotupatsixo’clock,onlytofindhisparentshadalreadygonetothefield.7.作插入語(yǔ),用來(lái)說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度、看法、對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋,如tobefrank/honest(坦白地說(shuō)),tobesure(確實(shí)),tomakethematterworse(更糟糕的是)等。

Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.8.不定式的時(shí),態(tài)不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式

Somestudentspretended

tobereading

English

whentheteachercamein.

①不定式的進(jìn)行式：tobe+V-ing,用來(lái)表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。2005年江蘇卷No.25---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid__thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft②不定式完成式:tohave+V-ed構(gòu)成,用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。2006年四川卷No.26TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames___inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheldThebookissaid

tohavebeentranslated

intomanylanguages.③當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不定式的被動(dòng)式分為一般式被動(dòng)tobeV-ed和完成式被動(dòng)tohavebeenV-edThequestionisdifficult

toanswer.Heishard

togetalongwith.Tips:當(dāng)句式為:主語(yǔ)+be+adj.+todo時(shí),且todo的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),todo不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！耙蓡?wèn)詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)，高考中考查其作賓語(yǔ)的例子較多。NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.Whentotaketheexamisstillunknown.Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.Tips:連接代（副）詞+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how)在句中起名詞作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等動(dòng)詞后作主、賓或表語(yǔ)。1.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingB.tostudyD.tohavebeenstudying2.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbuthadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone3.Youweresillynot____yourcar.A.tolock B.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglocked4.Doletyourmotherknowthetruth.Sheappears_______everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold

5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoD.notdoitD.donotto7.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A．totell B．tobetoldC．telling D．told8.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A．expectedB．toexpect

C．tobeexpectingD．expects9.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit10.Themotherdidn’tknow______toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoC.howB.whenD.what11.It’squiteclever______you______withthematterthatway.A.for,todealB.of,todealC.for,dealingD.of,dealing12.It’snecessary_____us_____aforeignlanguageinthemodernworld.A.for;tolearnB.ofus;tolearnC.for;learningD.ofus;learning13.Noteverybodyhastheability_____inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak14.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent______theteacher’squestionsinclass.A.answeringB.toanswerC.tobeansweredD.answeredPart2Verb-ingformasanoun1.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能:動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成,與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動(dòng)名詞主要起名詞作用,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Seeingisbelieving.(眼見(jiàn)為實(shí))Collectingstamps

is

agoodhobby.

①作主語(yǔ),可以直接放在句首,但在某些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語(yǔ),而把動(dòng)名詞后置,如:Itisnouse(good)+動(dòng)名詞:做某事沒(méi)用(不好)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水難收)It’snogoodsmokinginpublic.②作表語(yǔ):通常是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,注 意它與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.可改為:Collectingstampsishishobby.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)，此句為SVO結(jié)構(gòu))不能改為:Collectingstampsishe.2006年北京卷No.35.Ican’tstand__withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__talkingwhilesheworks.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostop2005年上海卷No.32Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost2006年江蘇卷N0.32---Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.---Mygoodness!Ican’timagine__thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen③作賓語(yǔ)A.作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)(stand,admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,understand,avoid,enjoy,practise,miss,finish,keep,suggest,appreciate,escape,miss,risk,deny,allow,forbid等)I

likeswimming

butIdon’t

liketoswiminwinter.

Ipreferto

drive

ratherthanbedriven.I

prefer

driving

to

riding.Tips:有些動(dòng)詞(continue,prefer,begin,hate,like,start,love)后面既可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),意義差別不大。通常認(rèn)為用動(dòng)名詞泛指一般的行為或狀態(tài),用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動(dòng)作。2005年北京卷No.30Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered____atheparty,butnot___.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave有些動(dòng)詞,如forget,remember,regret等,后面接動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作，不定式表示的動(dòng)作后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。B.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

2005年浙江卷No.3Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing

習(xí)慣于做;lookforwardtodoing

盼望做;devoteone’slifetodoing

致力于做;feellikedoing

欲想做;leadto導(dǎo)致;insiston堅(jiān)持要做;objecttodoing反對(duì);succeed/besuccessfulin

成功地做了havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing

bebusy(in)doing

忙于做;2005年江蘇卷No.23EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand___jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup④作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可作前置定語(yǔ),表示所修飾的詞的用途或目的,可用for改寫(xiě);而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),可用定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)。swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleepingThat’sthequeen’sfull-timejob,layingeggs.

⑤作同位語(yǔ)這就是蟻后的專(zhuān)職工作——產(chǎn)卵。2.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)Doyoumindmysmokinghere?①人稱(chēng)代詞做邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)用所有格,即形容詞性物主代詞。②在口語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)名詞如果不在句首，可以用名詞普通格或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格作邏輯主語(yǔ)。2005年安徽卷No.34Ireallycan’tunderstand___herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating

Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.There’snoneedforthatbeingdone.③邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí),很少用所有格,而用普通格。④邏輯主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),用所有格,但是如果名詞為無(wú)生命物體時(shí)，則用普通格。Mary’slaughingmadeTomangry.Thereisnohopeofthefactorymakingprofit.3.動(dòng)名詞的完成式(havingdone)、一般式被動(dòng)(beingdone)和完成式被動(dòng)(havingbeendone)。After

havingfinished

hiswork,hewenthome.Heattendedthemeetingwithout

beingasked.Shenevertoldmeabouther

havingbeeninterviewed

bythepolice.1.LastSundaymorningIsetoutearlytocallforJoan,only____herseriouslyillinbed.A.finding