考點(diǎn)05-形容詞和副詞與語法填空（原卷版）

考點(diǎn)05形容詞和副詞（原卷版）【命題趨勢】 1.對與形容詞和副詞有關(guān)的構(gòu)詞法的考查仍會成為語法填空的重點(diǎn)之一。 2.形容詞、副詞的題目側(cè)重考查考生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用形容詞、副詞的能力。 3.從高考來看，主要考查：形容詞和副詞的比較等級；形容詞和副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞等?！久麕熤笇?dǎo)】 形容詞和副詞是語法填空的必考點(diǎn)，主要以“用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空”的形式考查考生。1.形容詞可作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語。因此，在做語法填空時(shí)，若句子缺定語、表語或補(bǔ)語，要首先想到用形容詞。2.副詞在句中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞、介詞短語或整個(gè)句子。因此當(dāng)設(shè)空處作狀語時(shí)，首先考慮要填副詞。3.做語篇型語法填空時(shí)，考生還需根據(jù)上下文及形容詞和副詞比較等級的常用句型來判斷。短文改錯(cuò)中，本該用形容詞時(shí)卻用了副詞或其他詞性，或本該用副詞卻用了形容詞，要根據(jù)形容詞和副詞的基本用法判斷。此外平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)還要注意一些常見的形容詞、副詞辨析?！局匾枷颉恳弧⑿稳菰~和副詞的比較等級；二、形容詞修飾名詞；三、形容詞和副詞的辨析；形容詞和副詞的比較等級【典例】【2022全國甲卷】...andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s_________(high)mountain.規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成例詞原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞一般情況下直接加-er和-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加-r和-stfinefinerfinestcutecutercutestableablerablest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,且前面只有一個(gè)元音字母的詞,雙寫輔音字母后再加-er和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,先把y變?yōu)閕再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,加-er和-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞一般在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulpopularmorepopularmostpopularefficientlyMoreefficientlymostefficiently不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest【形容詞和副詞的比較等級提分秘籍】1．形容詞或副詞的as...as結(jié)構(gòu)兩者相比，當(dāng)A＝B時(shí)，用“as＋adj./adv.原級＋as”來表示。如：JackrunsasfastasTom.杰克和湯姆跑得一樣快。雙方相比，當(dāng)A≠B，或指A的程度較低時(shí)，用“notas/so＋adj./adv.原級＋as”表示。如：Hedoesnotworkas/sohardashissister.他不如他妹妹學(xué)習(xí)努力。2．形容詞或副詞的比較級＋than當(dāng)雙方比較，A>B時(shí)，用“比較級＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)A不及B的程度時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess＋adj./adv.原級＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Idon’tthinkmathsismoreimportantthanphysics.＝Ithinkmathsislessimportantthanphysics.我認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)沒有物理重要。【特別提醒】(1)quite只可用于quitebetter結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“病已經(jīng)好多了”。(2)byfar與far的區(qū)別：far只用于“far＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)中，其他情況下都用byfar來加強(qiáng)語氣。如：①Heisfarbettertoday.②Heisbetterbyfartoday.③Heisbyfarthebeststudentinourclass.(3)many與much的區(qū)別：修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用many，其他情況下都用much。如：①Thehenshavelaidmanymoreeggsthanbefore.這些雞產(chǎn)的蛋比以前多多了。②Thereismuchmorewaterinthisriver.這條河里有更多的水。③Heismuchcleverer.他更加聰明了。3．“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越……越……”Themoreticketsyousell，themoremoneyyouwillget.你票賣得越多，你得到的錢就會越多。4．當(dāng)三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用最高級這種句式中一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語；最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等詞語修飾。如：Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisbyfarthehighestinthecity.目前在建的那座大樓是本市最高的大樓。5．比較級表示最高級含義(1)比較級＋thananyother＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.在中國，長江比其他任何一條河流都長。(2)比較級＋thanall(the)other＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：ChinaislargerthanalltheotherAsiancountries.中國比亞洲的其他國家都大。(3)no/never/nothing...＋比較級。如:Nothingismorevaluablethantime.時(shí)間比任何東西都珍貴。(4)“否定詞＋不定冠詞＋形容詞的比較級＋名詞”或“否定詞＋副詞的比較級”表示“從未……；未曾……”。如：Thisfilmisverymoving.Ihaveneverseenabetterone.這部電影很感人，我從沒有看到過比它更好的了。形容詞和副詞比較等級常見句式項(xiàng)目例句as...as.../notso(as)...as...,意為“和…(不)一樣…”Sheisastallashermother.Iamnotas/sogoodaplayerasyouare.比較級(+than),意為“一方比另一方……”Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.Ihaveneverseenamoreinterestingfilm.less+原級+than,意為“一方不及另一方……”Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.the+比較級,the+比較級,意為“越……越……”Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級意義Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.more...than...,意為“與其……倒不如……”Heismoreshythanunfriendly.以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞,與to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等ThebookissuperiortothatoneIjustfinishedreading.no+比較級+than兩者都不Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatonce.The+比較級+ofthetwo兩者中較為……theolderofthetwo形容詞修飾名詞【典例】【2022全國乙卷】Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha___________(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.【形容詞修飾名詞提分秘籍】1．多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的排列順序如果兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞，如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多，則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的在后。它們的順序是：限定詞(冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞)＋數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞＋基數(shù)詞)＋描繪性形容詞(nice，good，interesting，beautiful...)＋特征形容詞(大小、長短、高低＋形狀＋年齡、新舊)＋顏色形容詞＋國籍、出處＋物質(zhì)、材料＋用途、類別＋中心名詞。我們可以用下面的一段順口溜幫助記憶：限數(shù)描、大長高，形狀年齡和新老。顏色國籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，很少會同時(shí)出現(xiàn)這么多修飾詞，但我們必須記住以上規(guī)則。此外，還應(yīng)當(dāng)多閱讀，多體會，以增強(qiáng)語感。如：anotherthreeEnglishbooks另外三本英語書；alltheselastfewdays最近的這些日子；abeautifulwhiteChinesemilitaryjeep一輛漂亮的白色中國軍用吉普車形容詞作定語時(shí)，我們尤其要記住下列兩種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)so/how/as/too/that＋adj.＋a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞(2)rather/quite/what/such＋a(n)＋adj.＋單數(shù)名詞2．形容詞作定語后置的幾種情況(1)當(dāng)形容詞修飾由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，如something，anything，nothing等時(shí)形容詞須后置。如：Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?今天的報(bào)紙上有什么新的東西嗎？(2)當(dāng)“形容詞＋介詞/不定式”構(gòu)成的短語作定語時(shí)。如：Thereisabagfullofriceonhistable.他的桌上有滿滿一袋米。(3)當(dāng)兩個(gè)意義相反的形容詞用both...and...，and，or或so連接在一起作定語時(shí)。如：Peopleinthevillage,youngandold,menandwomenarefondofsinginganddancing.村里的男女老幼都喜愛唱歌跳舞。(4)當(dāng)old，long，high，wide，deep等詞附有數(shù)量詞短語作定語時(shí)。如：Thepeasantsdugawellaboutfiftymetresdeep.農(nóng)民們挖了一口約五十米深的井。(5)有些表語形容詞作定語。如afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth等。如：Tomwastheonlyboyawakeatthattime.湯姆是那時(shí)唯一醒著的男孩。形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況后置:修飾some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobodyabsent,everythingpossible以-able,-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossiblealive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)abridge50meterslong成對的形容詞可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful形容詞短語一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith形容詞和副詞的辨析【典例】【2022全國甲卷】Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___________(meaning).【形容詞和副詞的辨析提分秘籍】1．形容詞主要用來修飾名詞，也可修飾something，nothing等不定代詞，在句中作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語。作狀語時(shí)表示伴隨、原因等，或是對主語進(jìn)行解釋，可以看作是“being＋形容詞”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴隨時(shí)通常用逗號與其他成分隔開①Helayinbed，wideawake.他躺在床上，完全清醒著。②Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.他上床睡覺，又冷又餓。2．副詞主要用作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、從句或整個(gè)句子。修飾整個(gè)句子時(shí)，可置于句首、句中或句尾Fortunately，heescapedfromthefire.他幸運(yùn)地從大火中逃了出來。3．有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞形式相同，另一種是在形容詞后加-ly。這兩種形式的副詞在意義上有所不同不帶-ly的副詞往往表示的是具體概念(也就是詞的本義)；加-ly的往往表示的是抽象概念(也就是詞的引申義)。close接近(指距離)→closely仔細(xì)地，密切地；free免費(fèi)→freely自由地，自如地；deep深地→deeply深刻地，深入地；hard努力地→hardly幾乎不；wide充分(張開)地，寬闊地→widely廣泛地；high高地→highly高度地，非常；late遲，晚→lately最近，近來；near鄰近地→nearly幾乎；most最→mostly主要地。如：Hejumpedthathighinthesportsmeetinginourschoolandishighlythoughtofbyhisclassmates.他在我們運(yùn)動(dòng)會上跳得那么高，贏得了他的同學(xué)們的高度贊揚(yáng)。一般說來，形容詞＋-ly構(gòu)成的是副詞，如：deeply，highly，widely等；名詞＋-ly構(gòu)成的是形容詞或名詞，如：friendly，brotherly，lovely，weekly，monthly等。4．rather，very，quite，fairly的區(qū)別(1)rather常用于不愉快的場合，用來修飾貶義的形容詞或副詞，如bad，poor，badly等；fairly常用于較愉快的場合，用來修飾表示贊美的褒義形容詞或副詞，如nice，well，clever等。如：Sheisfairlyclever,butdoesratherbadlyinherlessons.她很聰明，但功課相當(dāng)差。(2)如果修飾中性的形容詞或副詞，如easy，fast，thin等，fairly表示肯定概念，即說話人的態(tài)度是贊美的、滿意的；而rather表示否定概念，即說話人是不滿意的。如：①Thesoupisfairlyhot.這湯還算熱。(表示喜歡熱湯)②Thesoupisratherhot.這湯太燙了。(表示討厭太燙的湯)rather可用在similar，different，too以及介詞like，形容詞、副詞的比較級之前，也可修飾動(dòng)詞，而fairly，quite則不能，但可以說quitebetter。如：今天比昨天暖和得多。[誤]Itisfairlywarmertodaythanyesterday.[正]Itisratherwarmertodaythanyesterday.(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深，表示主觀看法，可理解為“十分”。如：Thenewsisquiteamazing.這消息十分驚人。(4)fairly只能用在不定冠詞之后；而quite和rather位于不定冠詞前、后皆可。如：Thisisafairlyheavy/ratheraheavy/aratherheavy/aquiteheavy/quiteaheavyjobforus.對我們來說，這真是一項(xiàng)相當(dāng)繁重的工作。另外，rather有時(shí)跟褒義詞尤其是表示“好”的詞連用時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)被修飾詞的程度，可與fairly，quite互換。如：YourEnglishisrather/fairly/quitegood.你的英語相當(dāng)好。在高考試題中，經(jīng)常會考查形容詞同義詞和副詞同義詞的辨析，所以我們在學(xué)習(xí)中要注意它們在不同語句中的用法差異。以下是常見的幾組同義詞：alone，lonely；calm,quiet,silent,still;older,elder;farther,further;fast，quick,soon,rapid;living,alive,live,lively;real,true;high，tall;ill,sick;likely,possible,probable;nomorethan,notmorethan;nolessthan,notlessthan;toomuch,muchtoo；yet,still;nolonger,nomore;almost,nearly；just,very。（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and__________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.（2022全國甲卷）Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___________(meaning).（2022全國甲卷）andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s_________(high)mountain.（2022全國乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe_________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.（2022全國乙卷）Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha___________(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.（2022.1浙江卷語法填空）Forexample.60

(rough)

200academics-manyofthemclimatescientistshavepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossible

sincetheeffortstartedtwoyears

ago.（2021.6新高考1卷語法填空）Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill

3

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!（2021.6新高考二卷）Itoldhimhow____41____(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.（2021.6新高考二卷）Iwasso____42____(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.（2021.6新高考1卷語法填空）Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus

5

(astonish).（2021.6全國甲卷語法填空）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

watchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir

10

(day)routines.（2021.6全國甲卷語法填空）Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

5

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!（2021.6全國乙卷語法填空）Provide

8

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.（2021.6浙江卷語法填空）Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch

4

(small)thanitistoday.（2021.1浙江卷語法填空）But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed

8

(sharp).（2021.1浙江卷語法填空）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople

livinginthecountryside,including

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(low)levelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.（2021.6全國乙卷語法填空）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee

1

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developmentofthelocalareas.（2020·新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷語法填空）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.（2020·新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷語法填空）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.（2020·新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空）Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.66(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.（2020·新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空）The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.（2020·新課標(biāo)=3\*ROMANIII卷語法填空）Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir62．(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.（2020·新課標(biāo)=3\*ROMANIII卷語法填空）Asthesmallboatmoved,68．(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.（2020·山東卷語法填空）Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36．(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Heryearsofhardworkhave___63___(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining___61___hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.（2019·新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷·語法填空）Scientistshaverespondedby__noting__(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare___68___(high)thantheyactuallyare.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Atasteformeatis___63___(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal___67___(globe)fertilizerconsumption.【2018·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Hescreamsthe___63___(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.【201·浙江卷·語法填空】Therecouldbeaneven63(high)costonyourhealth.（2022·云南·一模）ItwillalsoenableLaobusinessesto___17___(well)fitintoregionalandglobalsupplychains.（2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級一模TheShanghaiContemporaryHandwritingAcademyhasbeenestablishedtogiveyoungpeopleachancetolearnaboutthe“ancient”skillsofusingpenandinktomunicate,but,more____1____(important),tolearnhowtothink.（2022·云南·一模）Itwillnotonlybenefitthetwopeoples,butalso___13___(significant)improveregionalconnectivity.（2022·陜西省榆林二模）Thephrase____21____(apparent)tracesitsoriginstoapostearlierthisyearinanonlineforumrunbytheChinesesearchgiantBaidu.（2022·河南·模擬預(yù)測）However,withhugeamountsofwatertouse,itraiseddifferent___48___(environment)concerns.（2022·重慶·一模）Chineseworkersoncedemonstratedtheirgreatefficiencyin2018.___51___(incredible),around1,500workersspentjustninehourspletingtheconstructionofanewtrainstationinFujianProvince,southernChina.（2021·諸暨市5月模擬·語法填空·T10）Worriedabout____10____(globe)warming?Youshouldbe.（2021·成都三診·語法填空·T6）SinceIhadafearofneedles,Iwas___6___(willing)totakehisadvice.ButbythistimeIwassotiredthatIwaspreparedtotryalmostanything.（2021·成都三診·語法填空·T10）Hetheninsertedaneedleinmyrightfootbetweenmyfirstandsecondtoe,and,despitemyanxiety,Ifellasleep___10___(immediate).AtthetimeIconsideredthewholeexperiencetobeclosetoamiracle.（2021·臺州市4月調(diào)考·語法填空·T5）Afocusonqualitywouldmakeuslikelytopay______5______(much)forbetter-madeitems,whichwouldreducethedesiretokeepshopping,whileslowingdemandforfastfashionoverall.（2021·臺州市4月調(diào)考·語法填空·T9）Thesamegoesfor____9____(nature)fibers;…【湖南省長沙市2021屆高三三調(diào)】Anysmallobjectscanjoghismemory，socarefullyreplaceanyphotos，diariesoranyother______(person)objectsorpresentswithnewitems.【湖南省長沙市2021屆高三三調(diào)】Tellsome______(amuse)storiesortalkaboutimportantandhappyeventsinyourfriend'slifesuchasanewnepheworaworkpromotion.【湖南省長沙市2021屆高三三調(diào)】Itwillbeoftenalongtimebeforeyourfriendfullyremovesthatmemory，sodon'tbe______(disappoint)ifitdoesn'thappenimmediately.【湖北省宜昌市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】AtopofficialtoldXinhua.“Giventhedifficultiesexperiencedthisyear,theprogressbeingmadebyBeijing2022hasbeen______(usual).【福建省福州2021屆高三調(diào)研】MostofChen'scolleaguesaremaleandspend______(much)timewiththeelephantsthanwiththeirownchildren.【湖北省孝感高中2021屆高三模擬】InChina,alargenumberofpeopletakethesportofpigeonracingvery______(serious).【湖北省孝感高中2021屆高三模擬】Theamount,however,isfar______(little)thanhe$30,600hespendsonhis500pigeonseachyear.【湖北省孝感高級2021屆高三調(diào)研】AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment,bestfriendslikelyhada______(significance)influenceonhowyoubehaveinyour20s.【湖北省孝感高級2021屆高三調(diào)研】Theyfoundthat,paredtopeoplewithstronghighschoolfriendships,thosewhoweremerelypopulardidmuch______(bad)onseveralmeasuresofmentalhealth,suchasself-worth,socialacceptanceandrelaxation.【湖北省武漢外國語2021屆高三調(diào)研】Sothousandsof______(terrify)peoplediedwhentherewasanoutbrea