熱點(diǎn)13核能的利用(解析版)-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話題解讀關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強(qiáng)化專練(通用版)

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話題解讀+關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強(qiáng)化專練熱點(diǎn)13核能的利用東北地區(qū)首個(gè)！遼寧紅沿河核電站核能供暖項(xiàng)目正式供熱2022年11月1日，遼寧紅沿河核電站核能供暖示范項(xiàng)目正式投運(yùn)供熱，該項(xiàng)目是東北地區(qū)首個(gè)核能供暖項(xiàng)目，共惠及周邊紅沿河鎮(zhèn)近兩萬(wàn)居民。紅沿河核電站核能供暖示范項(xiàng)目以大連市瓦房店紅沿河鎮(zhèn)為試點(diǎn)，規(guī)劃供熱面積24.24萬(wàn)平米，最大供熱負(fù)荷為12.77MW，利用紅沿河核電站汽輪機(jī)抽汽作為熱源，替代紅沿河鎮(zhèn)原有的12個(gè)燃煤鍋爐房，實(shí)現(xiàn)紅沿河鎮(zhèn)清潔供暖。項(xiàng)目新建一次管網(wǎng)近10公里，二次管網(wǎng)5.7公里，新建換熱站4座。據(jù)測(cè)算，該項(xiàng)目投產(chǎn)后每年將減少標(biāo)煤消耗5726噸，減排二氧化碳1.41萬(wàn)噸、煙塵209余噸、二氧化硫60余噸、氮氧化物85余噸、灰渣2621噸，環(huán)保效益顯著，將有效改善供暖區(qū)域大氣環(huán)境，助力東北地區(qū)天更藍(lán)。紅沿河核電站位于遼寧大連瓦房店市，是東北地區(qū)首座核電站和東北最大電力能源投資項(xiàng)目。一期工程4臺(tái)機(jī)組采用中國(guó)廣核集團(tuán)(簡(jiǎn)稱中廣核)具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的CPR1000核電技術(shù)，于2016年9月全部投產(chǎn)商運(yùn)。二期工程2臺(tái)機(jī)組采用中廣核全面升級(jí)的ACPR1000核電技術(shù)，2022年6月，紅沿河核電站一、二期工程6臺(tái)機(jī)組全面建成投產(chǎn)，成為國(guó)內(nèi)在運(yùn)裝機(jī)容量最大的核電站。紅沿河核電站年度發(fā)電量可達(dá)480億千瓦時(shí)，約占遼寧省全社會(huì)用電量的20%，能有效緩解東北地區(qū)階段性電力短缺、穩(wěn)定區(qū)域電力供應(yīng)。與同等規(guī)模燃煤電廠相比，等效于每年減少標(biāo)煤消耗約1452萬(wàn)噸，減排二氧化碳約3993萬(wàn)噸，相當(dāng)于種植10.8萬(wàn)公頃森林。在安全穩(wěn)定提供清潔電力的同時(shí)，紅沿河核電主動(dòng)創(chuàng)新、不斷拓寬核能應(yīng)用邊界，積極研究推進(jìn)周邊社區(qū)核能供暖項(xiàng)目。紅沿河核電站核能供暖示范項(xiàng)目是東北地區(qū)清潔取暖的一項(xiàng)民生工程、民心工程。紅沿河核電將繼續(xù)深入學(xué)習(xí)貫徹黨的二十大精神，踐行習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想，牢固樹立“綠水青山就是金山銀山”理念，深入打好藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，充分發(fā)揮清潔能源優(yōu)勢(shì)，保障核安全萬(wàn)無(wú)一失，為實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙碳”目標(biāo)、推進(jìn)美麗中國(guó)建設(shè)作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。[來(lái)源|東北新聞網(wǎng)]核能創(chuàng)新零碳未來(lái)！第23屆太平洋地區(qū)核能大會(huì)開幕11月1日上午，以“核能創(chuàng)新·零碳未來(lái)”為主題的第23屆太平洋地區(qū)核能大會(huì)（PBNC）在北京、成都兩地同時(shí)開幕。中國(guó)科協(xié)黨組書記、中國(guó)工程院院士張玉卓，工業(yè)和信息化部副部長(zhǎng)、國(guó)家原子能機(jī)構(gòu)主任張克儉，生態(tài)環(huán)境部副部長(zhǎng)、國(guó)家核安全局局長(zhǎng)董保同，國(guó)家能源局核電司司長(zhǎng)曾亞川，大會(huì)主席、中核集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)、中國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)榮譽(yù)理事長(zhǎng)余劍鋒等出席開幕式并致賀辭。國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)總干事拉斐爾·格羅西在開幕式上通過(guò)視頻發(fā)表了講話。大會(huì)主席、全國(guó)政協(xié)常委、中國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)理事長(zhǎng)王壽君致歡迎辭。張玉卓在致辭中表示，構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，是世界各國(guó)民心所向、眾望所歸、前途所在。共行天下大道，維護(hù)能源安全，培育全球發(fā)展新動(dòng)能，是國(guó)際科技界的責(zé)任所系。希望大家共同攜手，增進(jìn)核科技領(lǐng)域開放、信任、合作，應(yīng)用核能增進(jìn)人類福祉，共創(chuàng)美好未來(lái)。拉斐爾·格羅西在講話中表示，核能在太平洋地區(qū)發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用，促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，促進(jìn)了脫碳，促進(jìn)了繁榮。中國(guó)在運(yùn)核電機(jī)組數(shù)位居世界第三，創(chuàng)新力量也非常活躍，為世界核能發(fā)展作出了極大貢獻(xiàn)。太平洋地區(qū)其他國(guó)家也越來(lái)越多地受益于和平利用核能。未來(lái)面對(duì)氣候變化和可持續(xù)發(fā)展等帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，核能將為電力保障提供重要支撐。在此背景下，國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)將與大家在信息共享、能力建設(shè)等方面深入開展合作。余劍鋒在致辭中指出，新時(shí)代十年是中國(guó)核工業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵十年，也是全球核能行業(yè)探索前行、創(chuàng)新突破的重要十年。中國(guó)是全球核能科技創(chuàng)新最為活躍的國(guó)家之一，也是最受關(guān)注的主要核能市場(chǎng)國(guó)家之一。中國(guó)大陸地區(qū)目前在運(yùn)核電機(jī)組53臺(tái)、裝機(jī)5559萬(wàn)千瓦，在建機(jī)組23臺(tái)、裝機(jī)2419萬(wàn)千瓦，在運(yùn)在建核電規(guī)模全球第二，在建核電規(guī)模世界第一。余劍鋒表示，中核集團(tuán)作為中國(guó)核科技工業(yè)主體，核能發(fā)展的國(guó)家隊(duì)、主力軍，將充分發(fā)揮完整核工業(yè)體系優(yōu)勢(shì)，擔(dān)當(dāng)中國(guó)核工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈“鏈長(zhǎng)”重任，通過(guò)堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，深化核能科技合作；堅(jiān)持互利共贏，深化核能產(chǎn)業(yè)合作；堅(jiān)持交流互鑒，深化核能領(lǐng)域廣泛合作等，推動(dòng)核能高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，構(gòu)建人類核能發(fā)展命運(yùn)共同體。中核集團(tuán)副總經(jīng)理申彥鋒在會(huì)上作了題為《積極安全有序發(fā)展核能助力“雙碳”目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)》的報(bào)告。出席開幕式的還有中國(guó)工程院院士孫玉發(fā)、于俊崇，中國(guó)華能副總經(jīng)理張濤，國(guó)家電投核技術(shù)總工程師、中國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)名譽(yù)理事長(zhǎng)劉永德，以及經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織核能署、國(guó)際熱核聚變實(shí)驗(yàn)堆、美國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)、法國(guó)原委會(huì)、日本原子能機(jī)構(gòu)、英國(guó)駐廣州使領(lǐng)館、加拿大原子能公司、西屋電氣等組織和企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人。在隨后的三天里，第23屆太平洋地區(qū)核能大會(huì)還將圍繞創(chuàng)新核反應(yīng)堆和概念設(shè)計(jì)、耐事故燃料的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景、人工智能在核反應(yīng)堆設(shè)計(jì)與分析中的應(yīng)用等13個(gè)技術(shù)專題和8個(gè)論壇等進(jìn)行深入交流和研討。來(lái)自多個(gè)國(guó)家的政府機(jī)構(gòu)、科研院所、知名高校和企業(yè)的300余名專家學(xué)者參會(huì)，提交論文400余篇。據(jù)悉，PBNC是由太平洋核理事會(huì)發(fā)起舉辦的全球性學(xué)術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)研討會(huì)，每?jī)赡暌粚?，已?jīng)成為全球核能領(lǐng)域最具影響力的盛會(huì)之一。太平洋核理事會(huì)由中國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)、美國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)、韓國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)、日本原子能學(xué)會(huì)、澳大利亞核學(xué)會(huì)等環(huán)太平洋國(guó)家（地區(qū)）核學(xué)會(huì)（協(xié)會(huì)）組成。大會(huì)自1976年舉辦首屆會(huì)議以來(lái)，已成功舉辦了22屆。中國(guó)曾三次主辦過(guò)該會(huì)議。本屆大會(huì)由中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)、國(guó)家原子能機(jī)構(gòu)、國(guó)家能源局指導(dǎo)，中國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)主辦，中國(guó)核工業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司、中國(guó)華能集團(tuán)有限公司、國(guó)家電力投資集團(tuán)有限公司協(xié)辦，中國(guó)核動(dòng)力研究設(shè)計(jì)院承辦。[來(lái)源|澎湃新聞]一、閱讀理解1Whenyoulookatthenightsky,whatyouseeareactuallylotsof“powerplants”.Everystarmakesahugeamountofenergythroughnuclearfusion(核聚變).Foryears,scientistshavetriedtomakethiskindofenergy.Theyneedtomakea“ministar”onEarth.Recently,somescientistsmadeabigstepforward.InFebruary,theCulhamCentreforFusionEnergyinOxfordshire,UK,doubledaworldrecordsetin1997.Themachinethere,namedJet,usedfusionengines(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))tomakethesameamountofenergyasfourwindturbines(渦輪機(jī))make,reportedTheGuardian.Inthepast,noexperimentcouldmakemoreenergythanwhatwasusedtostartthefusionengine.Thisnewexperiment,althoughonlylastingfiveseconds,showedit’spossibletomakemorepower.Thereaction(反應(yīng))stoppedwhentheequipment(設(shè)備)gottoohot.Thisproblemcanbesolvedwithcoolingsystems.Futurefusionreactionsmaylastmuchlongerthanfiveseconds-minutesorevenhours.Whydowecaresomuchaboutstarpower?FusionreactionswouldprovidepowertoeveryoneonEarth-enoughforeveryonetouseforthousandsormillions(百萬(wàn))ofyears.They’realsoclean—theydon’tproducecarbondioxideorradioactive(放射性的)waste.Youmaywonderwhyfusionenergyissohardtomake.Creatingconditionssimilartoastarisnoteasy.Themachinemustreachtemperaturesashighas10timesthatofthesun’score(核).Evenso,it’stimetogetexcitedaboutstarpower.Ifitcanbesuccessfullyrolledout(開展),itwillbealandmark(里程碑)inhumanhistory.1.Whatarecomparedto“powerplants”inParagraph1?A.scientists B.nuclearplants C.starsinthesky D.ministarsonEarth2.Themachinethatsetthenewrecordcanproduceasmuchenergyas________.A.awindturbine B.twowindturbines C.fourwindturbines D.eightwindturbines3.Whatcanmakethereactionlastlonger?A.Keepingtheequipmenthot. B.Usingacoolingsystem.C.Creatingawarmerenvironment. D.Startinganewexperiment.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutfusionenergyfromthepassage?A.Itisnowusefulineverydaylife.B.ItisverydifficulttomakeonEarth.C.Itexistsinaverycoldenvironment.D.Itcanbetakenfromthecoreofthesun.【答案】1.C

2.C

3.B

4.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了核聚變實(shí)驗(yàn)的新突破。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenyoulookatthenightsky,whatyouseeareactuallylotsof

‘powerplants’.Everystarmakesahugeamountofenergythroughnuclearfusion(核聚變).”可知，當(dāng)你仰望夜空時(shí)，你看到的其實(shí)是許多“發(fā)電廠”。每顆恒星都可以通過(guò)核聚變產(chǎn)生巨大的能量，所以“powerplants”指代的是“天上的星星”。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themachinethere,namedJet,usedfusionengines(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))tomakethesameamountofenergyasfourwindturbines(渦輪機(jī))make”可知，這臺(tái)名為“Jet”的機(jī)器使用聚變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的能量相當(dāng)于四臺(tái)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)產(chǎn)生的能量。故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thereaction(反應(yīng))stoppedwhentheequipment(設(shè)備)gottoohot.Thisproblemcanbesolvedwithcoolingsystems.”可知，使用冷卻系統(tǒng)可以使反應(yīng)持續(xù)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Youmaywonderwhyfusionenergyissohardtomake.Creatingconditionssimilartoastarisnoteasy.”可知，核聚變難以制造，創(chuàng)造出與恒星相似的條件并不容易，所以在地球上很難制造。故選B。2①WhenChinawasstillpoorandfarbehindtheWest,twoChinesescientistsinsistedonleadingtheworldthroughhomegrowninnovation.Theyarejetfighter(戰(zhàn)斗機(jī))designerGuSongfenandnuclearenergyscientistWangDazhong,whowonChina’stopscienceaward—theStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAwardonNov3.②Inthe1950s,Chinahadnoaviation(航空)experience,equipmentorwindtunnels.Astheheadoftheaerodynamics(空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)的)teaminShenyang,Gu’sfirsttaskwastodevelopthecountry’sfirsthomegrownjetaircraft.Despitedifficulties,hemanagedtocompleteJJ-1,thefirstjetaircraftdesignedinChina.③Gu,91,startedtheaerodynamicdesignofaircraft,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofanumberofmajorjetfighters,includingtheNanchangCJ-6,abasictrainingplane,andtheShenyangJ-8,ahigh-speed,high-altitudesingle-seatinterceptor.④ThoseaircraftnotonlygreatlyimprovedChina’sairdefensecapabilitiesbutalsolaidthefoundationofitsaviationindustry.⑤WangDazhong,86,hasspent60yearsworkingtodevelopnuclearenergy.AfternuclearaccidentsinThreeMileIslandintheUSin1979,andChernobylintheSovietUnionin1986,scientistsallovertheworldhaveworkedhardtoensurethatreactors(反應(yīng)堆)aremade“inherentlysafe”.Itmeanstheydonotdependonmeasurespoweredbyoutsideresourcestoremainstable.⑥AnacademicianattheChineseAcademyofSciences,Wangledtheresearch,designandoperationofChina’sfirst5-megawattlowtemperaturenuclearheatingreactorandlaterofits10-megawatthightemperaturegas-cooledreactor.Heusedkeytechnologiesrelatedtoheliumcoolant(氦冷卻劑).Bothreactorsimprovedtheinherentsafetyofnuclearenergy,aswellastheapplicationofcleanenergy.Wang’sscientificachievementshavepavedthewayforcleanenergyasChinaworkstoachievecarbonneutrality(碳中和),saidHeJiankun,anexpertinTsinghuaUniversity.Nuclearpowerreleaseszerocarbonandcanensurethesafeandstableoperationofthepowergrid(電網(wǎng)),hesaid.⑦BothGuSongfenandWangDazhongmadegreatcontributiontothehomegrowninnovationforChina,whichisworthbeingrespectedbypeoplearoundtheworldespeciallybyourChinese.5.Thewriterdevelopthepassageby________.A.tellingstories B.givingexamplesC.listingnumbers D.makingcomparison6.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“inherently”intheparagraph5?A.內(nèi)部地 B.外部地 C.頂部地 D.底部地7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassageabove?A.ChinaispoorandfarbehindtheWestintheareaofaviationtechnology.B.Wangdevelopedthecountry’sfirsthomegrownjetaircraft.C.Gumadecontributiontothedevelopmentofnuclearenergy.D.BothGuandWangwontheStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAward.8.Thestructureofthepassagemaybe________?A. B. C. D.【答案】5.A

6.A

7.D

8.B【解析】本文主要介紹了飛機(jī)空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)家顧誦芬，核反應(yīng)堆工程與安全專家王大中為中國(guó)做出的突出貢獻(xiàn)和偉大事跡。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthe1950s,Chinahadnoaviation…h(huán)emanagedtocompleteJJ-1,thefirstjetaircraftdesignedinChina.”可知,這是在講故事，因此作者是通過(guò)講故事的方式開展文章的。故選A。6.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“Itmeanstheydonotdependonmeasurespoweredbyoutsideresourcestoremainstable.”可知，它們不依賴外部資源驅(qū)動(dòng)措施來(lái)保持穩(wěn)定，因此可推斷inherently意為“內(nèi)部地”。故選A。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheyarejetfighterdesignerGuSongfenandnuclearenergyscientistWangDazhong,whowonChina’stopscienceaward—theStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAwardonNov3.”可知,他們兩人都獲得了“國(guó)家最高科學(xué)技術(shù)獎(jiǎng)”。故選D。8.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。閱讀文章可知第一段引出文章要介紹的兩個(gè)人物，第二、三、四段介紹了顧誦芬的事跡，第五、六段介紹了王大中的事跡，最后一段進(jìn)行總結(jié)，所以B項(xiàng)符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。3Isitbettertobeawisepersonoranintelligent（有才智的）one?Inotherwords,whenitcomesdowntowisdomandintelligence,whichismoreimportant?WhenIthinkaboutwisdomandintelligence,Ibelievethattherearetwokindsofpeopleintheworld:wisepeopleandintelligentones.Mydadwasawiseman.Heusedtosay,“There’snosuchthingasastupidquestion.”Mydadencouragedlearning.Healwaysmadeitafunexperience.Ontheotherhand,Ihadanotherfriendwhowasreallyintelligent.HegotstraightAgradesatcollegeandafirst-classdegreeinAdvanced（高等的）Maths.Heattendedabirthdaypartyatmyhouseonceandaskediftherewasanythinghecoulddotohelp.Iaskedhimtopeel（剝）theeggsformebuthedidn’tknowhowtodoit.Soforme,therearecleardistinguishmentsbetweenwisdomandintelligence.Intelligenceistheabilitytolearnandgetknowledge,suchasfactsandfigures,andthenusethisinformationaccordingly.Wisdomcomesfromexperiencinglife.Welearnthroughourexperiencesandusethisknowledgetomakedecisions.So,isonebetterthantheother?Well,bothareimportantatcertaintimesinourlives.Forexample,youwouldprefertohaveanintelligentpersonworkingasasafetyofficerinanuclear（原子核的）powerplant.However,ifyouwerereceivingsolutionforamentalbreakdown,youmightpreferawiseperson.Infact,weshoulduseourownintelligenceandpracticeitinourowneverydayexperiences.Byusingintelligencethisway,wecanlearnhowtobewiseourselves.9.Thewriter’sfatherusedtothink________.A.noteveryquestionwasstupid B.allthequestionswereusefulC.quiteafewquestionsweresmart D.thequestionwasalwaysstupiditself10.Whatcanweknowaboutthewriter’sfriend?A.Hedislikedpeelingeggs. B.Helikeddoinghousework.C.Hedidwellinschoolwork. D.Hewasnotgoodatmaths.11.Theunderlinedword“distinguishments”inthepassagemeans“________”.A.relationships B.situations C.advantages D.differences12.Whichofthefollowingmaythewriteragreewith?A.Nohardwork,nointelligence. B.Notallpeoplecanbeawiseman.C.Intelligencecanchangeintowisdom. D.Wisdomismoreimportantthanintelligence.13.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowCanBeaWiseMan? B.SuccessLiesinIntelligenceC.WaystoBeanIntelligentMan D.WhichisBetter,wisdomorIntelligence?【答案】9.B

10.C

11.D

12.C

13.D【解析】本文是一篇議論文。作者針對(duì)“智慧和智力，哪個(gè)更好”這一議題進(jìn)行了討論，作者最后認(rèn)為智力也可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹腔邸?.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“There’snosuchthingasastupidquestion.”可知，作者的爸爸認(rèn)為，愚蠢的問(wèn)題從來(lái)就不存在，說(shuō)明他認(rèn)為所有的問(wèn)題都是有用的。故選B。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“HegotstraightAgradesatcollegeandafirst-classdegreeinAdvanced（高等的）Maths.”可知，他在大學(xué)里的科目都拿了A，還獲得了高等數(shù)學(xué)的一級(jí)學(xué)位。由此可知，他的學(xué)業(yè)完成得很好。故選C。11.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“betweenwisdomandintelligence”可知，這是要區(qū)分智慧和智力，因此distinguishments的同義詞為differences。故選D。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Byusingintelligencethisway,wecanlearnhowtobewiseourselves.”可知通過(guò)以這種方式使用智力，我們可以學(xué)會(huì)如何使自己變聰明。說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為智力可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹腔?。故選C。13.最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Isitbettertobeawisepersonoranintelligent（有才智的）one?”可知作者提出這樣一個(gè)疑問(wèn)：做一個(gè)有智慧的人，和做一個(gè)有智力的人，哪一個(gè)更好？因此選項(xiàng)D“智慧和智力，哪個(gè)更好”作為標(biāo)題，最為合適。故選D。4Inthemodernage,humansocietyrunsonenergy.Mostmachinesneedelectricitytooperate.Humanscannotlivewithoutelectricityevenasingledayintheirdailylifeandwork.Theyhavemanydifferentwaystocreateelectricity.Butsomewaysareharmfultotheenvironment.Forexample,fossilfuelsarethemostcommonkindofenergy.Theyincludecoal,oil,andnaturalgas.First,peoplehavetodigthemfromtheground.Thiscansometimesharmtheenvironment.However,scientistsarecreatingcleanerandbetterwaystodothatthesedays.Sotheenvironmentisnotharmedasmuchasbefore.Butwhenpeopleburnthesefossilfuels,theycangiveoffalotofharmfulgases,whichareconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestcausesofglobalwarning.Thismightharmtheenvironment.Tidalenergyisanotherwaytomakeelectricity.Thisusestheoceantidestomakeelectricity.Butsomekindsoftidalenergycankillmanyfishandotherseaanimals.Alsodamscancreatelotsofcleanenergy.Butdamscreatelakesandchangethewaythatriversrun.Sotheycandogreatharmtothebalanceofnaturearoundthelakesandalongtherivers.Nuclearenergyisaverypowerfulformofenergy.Itischeap.Itisalsoveryclean.Butmanypeopleareafraidofitbecauseitusesradioactivematerials.Also,therehavebeensomeveryseriousaccidentsinthepastwhichcausedgreatharmtohumansandnature.Butthetechnologyismuchbetterthesedays.Somanycountriesarestartingtousenuclearenergymore.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“humansocietyrunsonenergy”inParagraph1mean?A.Itmeansthathumansinthesocietywastemuchenergy. B.Itmeansthatpeopleuseenergytomaketheworldwork.C.Itmeansthatoursocietyisfullofvariedkindsofenergy. D.Itmeansthathumanscannotrunfastwithoutenergy.15.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutfossilfuels?A.Theyaredugfromtheground. B.Theyareconsideredexpensive.C.Theyhardlyharmtheenvironment. D.Theyarenotwidelyusedintheworld.16.Fromthepassage,weknowthattidalenergycan________.A.causeseriousaccidents B.changethewaythatriversrunC.giveoffalotofharmfulgases D.killmanylivingthingsintheocean【答案】14.B

15.A

16.D【解析】本文介紹了幾種發(fā)電的方式，但是有些方法對(duì)環(huán)境有害。14.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Mostmachinesneedelectricitytooperate.Humanscannotlivewithoutelectricityevenasingledayintheirdailylifeandwork”可知，大多數(shù)機(jī)器需要電力才能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。人類在日常生活和工作中沒有電，甚至一天都無(wú)法生存。因此人們用能源使世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，故選B。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyincludecoal,oil,andnaturalgas.First,peoplehavetodigthemfromtheground”可知，化石燃料從地里挖出來(lái)的，故選A。16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butsomekindsoftidalenergycankillmanyfishandotherseaanimals”可知，一些潮汐可能會(huì)殺死許多魚類和其他海洋動(dòng)物。故選D。5Nuclear（核）power’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation（輻射）.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan’tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan’tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan’tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector（探測(cè)器）.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（塊；團(tuán)）ofcells（細(xì)胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledcompletely,yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌癥）.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictim（犧牲者）beingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanfeelfine,thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.17.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysterybecause________.A.peoplecan’tfeelit B.peopleknownothingaboutitC.nuclearradiationisn’tharmfultopeople D.peoplehaven’tanydetectors18.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Wecan’tdetectradioactivityevenwithmodernequipment.B.Onlyradiationatveryhighlevelscankillananimalorhumanbeing.C.Ifafewcellsareonlydamaged，healthycellswilltaketheplaceofdeadones.D.Radiationisharmfulnomatterwhatlevelitis.19.Theword“significant”inparagraph3hasthesimilarmeaningwith________.A.important B.meaningful C.harmful D.obvious20.Radiationcanhurtusinthatitcan________.A.affectthehealthygrowthofouroffspring（后代）B.damagecellswhichgrowintocanceryearslaterC.killlargenumberofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediatelyD.alloftheabove21.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Emphasizingtheimportanceofprotectionofradiation.B.Solvingthemysteryaboutradiation.C.Discussingthecauseofcancer.D.Introducingthenuclearpower.【答案】17.A

18.D

19.A

20.D

21.A【解析】本文給我們講述了核輻射的危害。核輻射非常的神秘，因?yàn)樗床灰?、聽不見、摸不著、嘗不到，但是即使最低水平的輻射也會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的傷害。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段“Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan’tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus”可知，核輻射很神秘，部分原因是它不能被人感覺到。故選A。18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段“Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe”可知，即使最低水平的輻射也能造成嚴(yán)重的傷害，沒有任何水平的輻射是完全安全的。故選D。19.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)單詞所在的語(yǔ)境“Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant”可知，如果輻射沒有擊中任何重要的東西，損害可能不會(huì)很嚴(yán)重，significant與important意思接近。故選A。20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段以及第四段的內(nèi)容“Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（塊；團(tuán)）ofcells（細(xì)胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs…Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌癥）….Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents”可知，A、B和C三項(xiàng)都是核輻射對(duì)我們的危害。故選D。21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文意可知，短文中作者介紹了核輻射對(duì)我們的危害，根據(jù)短文的最后“Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.”由此可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的就是，強(qiáng)調(diào)輻射防護(hù)的重要性，讓我們要注意防護(hù)核輻射。故選A。6Rightnow,thebiggestsourceofenergy(能源)intheworldisfossilfuel(礦物燃料).Fossilfuelsareoil,gas,andcoal(煤).

Morethan80percentoftheworld’senergycomesfromfossilfuel.Therearemanyproblemswithfossilfuel.Oneproblemisthatwhenfossilfuelisburned,itpollutestheair.Also,whenwetakefossilfuelfromtheEarth,weoftencausealotofharm.Anotherproblemisthatwe’rerunningoutofit.Abigsourceofenergyformanycountriesisnuclearpower(核能).Thirty-onecountriesusenuclearpower.Alotofshipsalsouseit.Nuclearpowerhassomeadvantages(優(yōu)點(diǎn)).Firstofall,wecan’trunoutofnuclearpower.Nuclearpowerdoesnotmaketheairdirty.Also,ifacountryhasnuclearpower,itdoesn’tneedtobuyasmuchoilfromothercountries.However,therearealsoalotofproblemsthatcomewithnuclearpower.Forexample,nuclearaccidentsareveryserious.In1986,therewasanuclearaccidentinRussia.Inthenext20years,about4,000peoplegotsickanddied.In2011therewasanotherveryseriousnuclearaccidentinJapan.Thatwasseveralyearsago,butJapanisstilltryingtocleanupthenuclearwastefromtheaccident.Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.Theysaythatit’snotsafe.AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStates,Russia,France,Japan,India,andmanyothercountrieswanttheircountriestousesaferandcleanerwaystogetelectricity(電力).Sometimestheygettogethertoshowtheirstrongdisagreementwithnuclearenergy.Manypeoplehatenuclearenergy,butmoreandmorecountriesareusingit.Onereasonforthisisthattheworldisusingmoreandmoreenergy.Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.22.Inthesecondsentenceofthefifthparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”mean?A.Thecountry. B.Nuclearpower. C.Aperson. D.Theelectricity.23.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nuclearpowerisakindoffossilfuels. B.Therewerenonuclearaccidentsin1986.C.Nuclearpoweriseasyenoughtomake. D.Peoplemayrunoutoffossilfueloneday.24.Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”A.Paragraph1 B.Paragraph3 C.Paragraph4 D.Paragraph525.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ASafeSourceofEnergy? B.TheBestEnergySourceintheWorld!C.EveryoneLovesNuclearPower

. D.WeShouldOnlyUseFossilFuels.【答案】22.B

23.D

24.A

25.A【解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了核能作為許多國(guó)家的第一能源是否安全的問(wèn)題。22.詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段“Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.”可知，許多人不想在他們國(guó)家使用核能；由此推知，核能是不安全的。故it指nuclearpower“核能”。故選B。23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.”可知，我們只是沒有足夠的礦物燃料。然而，如果我們使用核能，那么在未來(lái)，或許我們會(huì)有更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。由此推知，D項(xiàng)“有一天人們會(huì)用盡礦物燃料”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。24.推理判斷題。“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”表示“那就是我們需要新能源的原因”。根據(jù)第一段談到礦物燃料快用光了；第二段談到一種新的能源；由此推知，該句應(yīng)用作第一段的結(jié)尾句，引出下文。故選A。25.最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，許多人認(rèn)為核能是不安全的，但越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家在使用它，那么它到底是否安全，本文就此展開了討論。故選A。7Whatifyouhadonlythreeminutestotakewhateveryoucouldtakefromyourhome,andtherestwouldbelostforever?Whatwouldyoutake?Japanisoftenhitbynaturaldisasters,likeearthquakes,heavystormsandtunami.Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核輻射)havebroughtthelong-termdamagetoJapan,manyJapanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B.O.B.forshort).B.O.B.isacollectionofthingsthatyouwouldneedtoliveonifyouhadtoescapefromyourhomewithnopromisesofhousing,foodorwaterduringtheunexpectedsituation.TheB.O.B.shouldincludethefollowingthingsthatareneededforlife:●Asleepingbag,oratleastablankettokeepwarm.●Drinkingwater.●High-calorie,no-cookfoodslikechocolatebiscuits.proteinbars,etc.●First-aidsupplies.●Firestartingmethods,andasmallpottoboilwaterorcook.●Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手電筒)etc.●Moneyincash.●Adigitalbackupofallyourimportantdocumentsandfamilytreasures.Thiscouldbeinsurance(保險(xiǎn))documents,familyphotosandvideos.YoucouldkeepaB.O.B.bythefrontdoor,orevenhaveseveralbagsathomeattheofficeandinyourcar.ThismightseemlikemorethanneededtosomeofyoubutjustimaginewhatadifferencethiskindofpreparationwouldhavemadetothepeopleofJapan.ThenthinkofthedifferenceaB.O.B.willmakeifthosedisastershappentoyou.26.ThewritertalkedaboutthenuclearradiationinJapaninorderto________.A.showtheimportanceofaBugOutBagB.showhowdangerousanuclearradiationisC.tellustheseriousdamageithasdonetoJapanD.explainwhytheJapanesehavetoleavetheirhomes27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandon”probablymeaninChinese?A.欣賞 B.拆除 C.拋棄 D.修繕28.WhatispurposeofaBugOutBag?A.Tostopdisastersfromhappening. B.Tohelppeopleprotecttheirhomes.C.Tofindoutwhenthedisasterwillcome. D.Tohelppeoplekeepaliveafterdisasters.29.WhichofthefollowingshouldbeputintoaBugOutBag?A.Amap. B.Aknife. C.Araincoat. D.Acamera.30.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PrepareforDisasters B.EnjoyYourOutdoorLifeC.MakeaChangetoDisasters D.WatchOutforNuclearRadiation【答案】26.A

27.C

28.D

29.B

30.A【解析】本文介紹了在緊急意外的災(zāi)害發(fā)生的情況下人們?cè)撛趺崔k？就此作者提出了一些建議。讓人們?cè)诓豢深A(yù)知的災(zāi)害下為自己準(zhǔn)備好必需的物品，為災(zāi)害提前做好準(zhǔn)備。26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句“Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B.O.B.forshort).”可知，討論日本的核輻射是為了討論BugOutBag的價(jià)值，故選A。27.詞句猜測(cè)題。由下文“Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.”可知，現(xiàn)在他們可能很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間都無(wú)法返回。由此可推測(cè)“Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核輻射)…Japanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.”意思是但最近核輻射給日本帶來(lái)了長(zhǎng)期的破壞，不少日本人不得不放棄自己可愛的家園。進(jìn)而推測(cè)“abandon”的意思拋棄、放棄。故選C。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段“B.O.B.isacollectionofthings…waterduringtheunexpectedsituation.”可知，B.O.B.是幫助你在無(wú)法預(yù)知的情況下逃離家園時(shí)賴以生存的東西。故選D。29.推理判斷題。由列舉物品中的第6點(diǎn)“Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手電筒)etc.”可知，刀是B.O.B.所需的，故選B。30.主旨大意題。本文主要在介紹B.O.B.包括什么，有利于讓人們?cè)诓豢深A(yù)知的災(zāi)害下為自己準(zhǔn)備好必需的物品，為災(zāi)害提前做好準(zhǔn)備。可知本文最佳標(biāo)題為《為災(zāi)難做好準(zhǔn)備》，故選A。二、完形填空Greenpeaceisaglobal(全球的)environmentalorganizationthathasbeentryingtostopcompaniesandgovernmentsfromdoingbadthingstotheenvironment.Itisknownforitsdirect___31___intheworld.Andithasmadethepublicknowenvironmentalproblems.In1995,aGreenpeaceshipstoppedaFrenchnuclearweapon(核武器)test.Greenpeacehasalsorepeatedlysentshipsto___32___whales(鯨魚)fromJapanesewhalers,whokillwhalesfortheirmeatwhichisusedatexpensiverestaurants.TheGreenpeace___33___havetriedtostopnuclearweaponsfrombeingbuiltandhavefoughtagainstbigcompaniesandgovernmentsthataredestroyingtherainforestsandotherareaswitha___34___environment.Greenpeacepayscloseattentiontomanyenvironmentalproblems:whaling,globalwarming,cleanenergyandnuclearpower.Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin__35__tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.Theyusesmallboatstotrytostopthekillingofwhales.Theyalso___36___themselvestotreesthatworkerswanttocutdown.Theysaythattheyaretryingtoprotecttheenvironmentforallofusandforfuturegeneration.___37___theyhavealotofsupportfrompeoplearoundtheworld,theyhavenotbeenabletostopmanyofthethingstheyarefightingagainst.Theorganization___38___moneyfromgovernments,politicalpartiesorcompaniesinordertoavoidtheirinfluence.Thepeoplewho___39___Greenpeacearefromallovertheworld.Whattheyallhaveincommonistheonebigaim—agreenand___40___futureforall.PeoplefromallwalksoflifecometogetherundertheGreenpeaceflagtospendtheirfreetimefightingfortheenvironment.31.A.p