歷年英語六級(jí)真題長難句摘選精析

歷年真題長難句摘選精析1．Ourlinguistic（語言上的）andculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.【分析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的簡單句；句子的主干是Ourblindnessandcasualnessarelosingus.withwhich引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句修飾casualness.takenoticeof意思是“注意到”?！咀g文】我們對(duì)語言、文化的無知，以及那種對(duì)其他國家形成的品味、手勢(shì)、風(fēng)俗和語言的漫不經(jīng)心的態(tài)度，正使我們?cè)谑澜缟鲜ヅ笥?，錯(cuò)過商機(jī)，喪失威信。2．Asimpletriparoundtheyardinapairofthosebabieseliminates(消除)allneedtocallforalawn(草坪)carespecialist,andprovidestheperfect-sizedholestogiveanylawnoxygenwithoutallthosemessychunks(塊)ofdirtlyingaround.【分析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的簡單句；句子的主干是Asimpletripeliminatesallneedandprovidesholes.messychunksofdirt：亂七八糟的臟東西。【譯文】只要穿這種嬌小的鞋在院子里走一走，就完全沒必要請(qǐng)修剪草坪的專家了，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)形成大小合適的洞為草坪提供氧氣，周圍還不會(huì)留下那些亂七八糟的臟東西。3．Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.【分析】這是一個(gè)帶有比較級(jí)的句子，主干是：Butmyownworrytodayislessthatthan.【譯文】但我今天所擔(dān)心的不是廣泛泛濫的文盲問題，而是更加奢侈一點(diǎn)的問題，即：對(duì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)讀者讀寫技能下降了的擔(dān)憂，他們不愿把安靜的地方、難得的家庭生活的機(jī)會(huì)、時(shí)間和注意力用來讀書，而典型的讀書活動(dòng)正需要這些。4．Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitude（獨(dú)處的狀態(tài)）goestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.【分析】這是一個(gè)并列句。第一個(gè)分句的主干是：thisviolationgoestotheheartofliteracy.，第二個(gè)分句的主干是thisnewformrenders…,letalone…?！咀g文】這種對(duì)精神集中、安靜、獨(dú)處狀態(tài)的妨礙同閱讀概念直接沖突；在娛樂背景下半讀書半分散精力的讀書新方式不可能專心致志地理解，更不要說任何一個(gè)人對(duì)真正喜愛的一首詩或一篇散文所能表示的最大贊賞是將其背誦下來了。5．Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.【分析】句子的主干是itisclearthatimperativeswillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.；兩個(gè)with分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)伴隨狀語?！咀g文】由于短期經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)有疑問、冷戰(zhàn)在人們記憶中迅速消失，以及越來越強(qiáng)調(diào)在大規(guī)模空間探險(xiǎn)中的國際合作；很清楚，不是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益或國家利益，而是必須履行的使命將迫使人類在那個(gè)紅色行星的表面留下足跡。6．Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteorite（隕石）fromMars.【分析】句子的主干是Thisissuehasbeenhighlighted.由兩地whether引導(dǎo)的從句做of的賓語；兩個(gè)that所引導(dǎo)的從句分別做evidence和suggestions的同位語?！咀g文】由于越來越多的證據(jù)表明這個(gè)紅色行星上曾經(jīng)有穩(wěn)定而豐富的液態(tài)水，又因人們對(duì)落到地球上的火星細(xì)菌化石隕石的說法一直有爭(zhēng)論，所以火星上是否存在過生命、是否延續(xù)至今的問題一直引人注目。7．Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,notth4eexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.【分析】that和what分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)表語從句；hebelieves是插入語，應(yīng)該前置?！咀g文】他認(rèn)為，他所證明的是缺乏控制事件的能力會(huì)削弱免疫系統(tǒng)，而非經(jīng)歷本身。8．JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.【分析】that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中又包含一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾animals。typicalofsb.意思是“以……為特征的”。這句話中這個(gè)詞組之前省略了，whichis，是兩個(gè)現(xiàn)象的定語從句。【譯文】杜克大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家瓊·偉斯已經(jīng)證明：被允許控制不快刺激的動(dòng)物不會(huì)出現(xiàn)睡眠障礙，大腦化學(xué)成分也不發(fā)生變化，這些正是老鼠緊張的典型表現(xiàn)。9．Thereasonswhytheydon't,andwhytheenvironmenthasnotbeenruined,havetodowithprices,technologicalinnovation,socialchangeandgovernmentregulationinresponsetopopularpressure.【分析】句子的主干是Thereasonshavetodowithprices,technologicalinnovation,socialchangeandgovernmentregulation.兩個(gè)why均引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾reasons.inresponsetopopularpressure做regulation的后置定語。【譯文】為什么它們沒發(fā)生，為什么環(huán)境被毀滅，這同價(jià)格、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、社會(huì)變革和政府因公眾壓力所制定的規(guī)章有關(guān)。10．Whathashappenedisthateverytimeamaterialseemstoberunningshort,thepricehasrisenand,inresponse,peoplehavelookedfornewsourcesofsupply,triedtofindwaystouselessofthematerial,orlookedforanewsubstitute.【分析】這是簡單的復(fù)雜句，句子的主干是Whathashappenedisthat。主語是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語是that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；該從句中everytime引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，為第三層從句?！咀g文】所發(fā)生的事情是這樣的：每當(dāng)一種原料看來將要短缺，價(jià)格就上升，相應(yīng)地人們就尋找新的供應(yīng)來源，盡量找到少用這種材料的方法，或者尋找替代品。11．Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokin(親戚)andneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.【分析】句子的主干是itseemed"obvious"that，that之后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)很長的主語從句；該從句的謂語動(dòng)詞有三個(gè)：changed,loosened,substituted.【譯文】幾十年前，在普通大眾和社會(huì)學(xué)家看來這是一個(gè)“明顯的”事實(shí)：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)改變了人們的自然關(guān)系，淡化了他們對(duì)親戚和鄰居的責(zé)任感，取而代之的是點(diǎn)頭之交的膚淺關(guān)系。12．Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsof5．Bottomretailprices—anywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsia—haveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.[參考譯文]比歐洲和亞洲低30%~70%的零售價(jià)價(jià)格吸引了約四千七百萬的游客于1994年涌入美國，而這些游客為美國留下了79億美元的收入。6．ItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptive（欺騙性的）packagingrumpus（喧囂）startedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhim,Mrs.Hart,andtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineofnetweightfrom12to101/2ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.[參考譯文]參議員哈特一家在購買合裝麥片時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，包裝盒變高了，變窄了，食品的分量也減少了，然而價(jià)格卻分文未降。據(jù)說，由此在公眾和議會(huì)中引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于欺騙性商品包裝的軒然大波。7．Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagestocontainevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthehugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,andnetweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct’smarketposition.[參考譯文]生產(chǎn)包裝產(chǎn)品的商家極力反對(duì)在改變了包裝上原有分量的商品，但他們卻絲毫不反對(duì)為了擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，用于不斷改變包裝的大小、用料、形狀、制作工藝以及商品的凈重的大筆花費(fèi)。8．Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.全句的字面意思是：傳記作家不得不在與傳主所處的搖擺不定位置之間跳來跳去。隱含之義為：傳記作家必須與傳主保持適當(dāng)距離，并要時(shí)常調(diào)整與傳主間的距離。9．Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.[參考譯文]其他的違法者或者逃亡國外，或者自殺，或者進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪分子卻不同，他們可以逃避懲罰，并且要挾不要指控他們，甚至還要求為他們出具有利的推薦信或者為他們提供其他好處，他們的要求往往能夠得到滿足。10．Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon’tsecureyouthebigpromotion.[參考譯文]科爾曼得出的結(jié)論如下：如今出色的工作表現(xiàn)十分普遍，雖說工作出色你可以加薪，但你未必能夠高升。11．TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmandictionarybecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld.[參考譯文]因此，《牛津詞典》比《朗讀曼詞典》更經(jīng)得起文化偏見的嚴(yán)格審視，因?yàn)楹笳呖偸钦f英語國家的視角來評(píng)判其他國家的文化現(xiàn)象。12．Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimplemindednessasheseesit-ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.[參考譯文]由于警察認(rèn)為人們（市民，社會(huì)工作者，醫(yī)生，立法人員以及法官）頭腦簡單—比如，法官不是重罰以消除犯罪而是量刑從輕以期促使罪犯改過自新—因此，他們與社會(huì)之間的隔閡更深一層。13．Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,but,custom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.[參考譯文]對(duì)于人腦的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)，我們認(rèn)為特別值得研究。但對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，我們卻覺得那不過是最最平常的行為而已。14．JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothelanguageofhisfamily.[參考譯文]約翰·杜威曾經(jīng)十分認(rèn)真地說過，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對(duì)個(gè)人的行為的影響與個(gè)人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣的影響之比，正如一個(gè)人母語的詞匯總量與他兒時(shí)從家庭用語中學(xué)會(huì)的兒童用語之比。15．Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspainting,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra.[參考譯文]通過對(duì)圖片、文字記載以及樂器等的研究，我們可以了解一千多年以前近東音樂傳入中國的情況，也可以勒出近東音樂的影響波及歐洲并導(dǎo)致交響樂的大部分樂器發(fā)展和演變的大致輪廓。16．Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.[參考譯文]由于在其進(jìn)化期間，人類的生活節(jié)奏較為緩慢，人腦形成了固有的缺陷，不能同時(shí)接收來自多個(gè)渠道的信息并迅速進(jìn)行處理。17．Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.[參考譯文]如果20年前的人們預(yù)想現(xiàn)在的情況，恐怕誰也無法預(yù)見到僅集成電路塊一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，一旦將其運(yùn)用于個(gè)人電腦、數(shù)字通信和工廠機(jī)器人身上，會(huì)給世界帶來怎樣的變化。18．Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.[參考譯文]然而，有趣的是，如果長相平平的女士和漂亮的女士都有突然獲得成功，人們會(huì)認(rèn)為長相平平的女士的人際關(guān)系比漂亮女士好，而她們的能力卻不如漂亮女士。19．Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto”aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.[參考譯文]大多數(shù)的這類書和一些章節(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)如何進(jìn)行采訪，而不是研究采訪的概念性問題，比如采訪的概念性問題，比如采訪的背景以及含義。這些章節(jié)主要見于，但也不限于，報(bào)章雜志、廣播手冊(cè)以及新聞報(bào)道的書籍中。20．Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.

[參考譯文]在第二階段，作坊經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)提供這些新產(chǎn)品或新服務(wù)的效率是否低下已無關(guān)緊要。如果作坊成員要分享工業(yè)化的成果，他們必須到市場(chǎng)上去獲得這些新產(chǎn)品和新服務(wù)。21．Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorsedrawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisiontoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.[參考譯文]正如汽車的問世使得馬車成為非法品、繼而使其毫無用武之地，電視的出現(xiàn)使收音機(jī)的娛樂功能收縮為只用來播放一些背景音樂一樣，多數(shù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成果并沒有給家庭作坊經(jīng)濟(jì)提供更多的選擇余地：是自行提供這些產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，還是到市場(chǎng)上去購買，它已別無選擇。22．Ironically（諷刺性地）,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosuresandtruthfulstatements).[參考譯文]具有諷刺意義的是，在培養(yǎng)滿意的人際關(guān)系方面，那些使我們不能很好地了解他人的事情（如隱秘、欺瞞）卻跟那些有助于我們了解他人的事情（如自我展示、實(shí)話）一樣重要。23．MakingApplecomputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple’seffortatmakingtheMackintoshcompatiblewithIBMcomputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,whereApplehopestoincreasesales.[參考譯文]通過使自己的產(chǎn)品能夠運(yùn)行IBM軟件，蘋果公司希望使Mackintosh機(jī)與IBM電腦兼容、進(jìn)而使其更適合辦公室應(yīng)用。蘋果公司希望增加其產(chǎn)品在辦公室應(yīng)用方面的銷量。24．Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.[參考譯文]然而，考慮到我們對(duì)有關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究能力，以及我們對(duì)這些領(lǐng)域的認(rèn)識(shí)至少大體正確這一點(diǎn)，也許以相反的順序排列這三類學(xué)科更為合理。25．Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.[參考譯文]雖然僅僅是基于對(duì)個(gè)體經(jīng)驗(yàn)的非常不完善的研究，但各個(gè)社會(huì)中老百姓關(guān)于收入、開支、組織、婚嫁、參與政治、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等的知識(shí)卻與社會(huì)學(xué)家關(guān)于社會(huì)學(xué)的復(fù)雜知識(shí)并無二致。這些民間知識(shí)是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹幕A(chǔ)。26．Onedoesn’tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone’s65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.[參考譯文]正如人在21歲時(shí)不會(huì)一夜之間突然長在成人一樣，人在65歲或70歲生日的前夕，也不會(huì)一下失去他的能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。27．Aresearchpaper,assignedinacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor,leadsyoubeyondclassrooms,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoaprocesswherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.[參考譯文]研究論文，多是在一門課程的學(xué)習(xí)過程中布置的，又有指導(dǎo)教師不時(shí)地進(jìn)行檢查，可以將學(xué)習(xí)者帶出教室，使其擺脫課堂教材的束縛，進(jìn)入一個(gè)不斷獲得新發(fā)現(xiàn)和新知識(shí)的充滿樂趣的過程。28．Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationofroles—marriage,motherhood,andemployment—werethehighestinwell-being,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.[參考譯文]至少在中年階段上，最幸福的女性是那些身兼數(shù)職的婦女——她們?yōu)槿似蓿瑸槿四福钟凶约旱穆殬I(yè)，——盡管她們也很勞累很緊張。29．Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.[參考譯文]我們的先輩對(duì)普遍存在于自然界、并制約自然界的、復(fù)雜而又脆弱的系統(tǒng)知之甚少，甚至一無所知。受制于這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的自然界就像生命體一樣，一部分出了問題，其他部分遲早會(huì)受影響。30．Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.[參考譯文]我們要認(rèn)識(shí)到大樹的重要性，因?yàn)閯?dòng)物的生存空間不僅應(yīng)按平方面積來計(jì)算，還應(yīng)按立方體積來計(jì)算。31．Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.[參考譯文]他們認(rèn)為，明知某些行為會(huì)縮短生命卻還要去干，那無異于自殺。32．Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationisthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.[參考譯文]與此同時(shí)，由于政府逐步削減食品補(bǔ)貼而引起的價(jià)格上漲，使上述一切對(duì)英國的食品供應(yīng)狀況所產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)一步惡化。33．Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.[參考譯文]英國的食品價(jià)格是在世界食品價(jià)格開始下跌這一背景下上漲的，結(jié)果，除了谷物之外，其他進(jìn)口食品通常要比本國食品還要便宜。34．Thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.[參考譯文]令人們感到痛苦的是，多少意識(shí)到自己無知，知道問題最大的地方和問題不太嚴(yán)重的地方，但卻看不到解決問題的希望所在或解決問題的途徑。35．Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhomewhereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighborhoodofthehome.[參考譯文]多年來指導(dǎo)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)規(guī)劃的理論，是把生活區(qū)、工作區(qū)、交通地段和娛樂區(qū)彼此分開，結(jié)果，過多地發(fā)展了遠(yuǎn)離住宅區(qū)的娛樂設(shè)施而忽視了住宅區(qū)周圍的娛樂設(shè)施。36．Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.[參考譯文]同時(shí)，工會(huì)發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)，工人應(yīng)該通過提高工資、延長休息時(shí)間和改善生活水平等形式來分享自動(dòng)化帶來的生產(chǎn)增加、成本降低的利益。37．Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddleclasspersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.[參考譯文]50年前，被雇傭意味著在工廠、農(nóng)場(chǎng)當(dāng)勞工。可是今天，雇員越來越多地來自中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，他們受過較多的正規(guī)教育，從事對(duì)智力、技能要求較高的專業(yè)或管理工作