英語(yǔ)第一輪總復(fù)習(xí)講義第1部分Book7Unit4PublictransportWord版含答案

Book7Unit4Publictransport晨讀暮誦單元話題——交通與生活1．a(chǎn)ffordvt.支付得起2．cheapadj.便宜的3．secureadj.安全的4．everywhereadv.到處5．transportationn．運(yùn)輸業(yè)6．disadvantagen．不利條件7．cyclen．自行車(chē)8．faren．費(fèi)用9．insurancen．保險(xiǎn)10．trafficn．交通11．crossingn．十字路口12．directionn．方向13．vehiclen．交通工具，車(chē)輛14．consequencen．后果15．trafficjam交通堵塞16．trafficregulation交通規(guī)則17．takeaction采取行動(dòng)18．paredwith與……相比19．pullup停車(chē)20．berelatedto與……相關(guān)1．Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,therearemoreandmoreprivatecarsandtrafficjamsaregettingheavierandheavier.Asaresult,trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.Bearinmindthatthetrafficregulationsareofgreatimportancetoroadsafety.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，私家車(chē)越來(lái)越多，交通擁堵越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。因此，交通事故頻頻發(fā)生。要記住：交通規(guī)則對(duì)道路安全至關(guān)重要。2．Ihavesomespecificideastosharewhenitestohandingthesephenomena.對(duì)于如何處理這些現(xiàn)象我有一些特別的觀點(diǎn)。3．Therefore,let'sjoinhandstoobeytrafficrules,whichwillmatteralot.因此，讓我們攜起手來(lái)一起遵守交通規(guī)則，這將會(huì)很有意義。4．Withsomanyparentsingtopickuptheirchildren,trafficjamsarefrequentneartheschoolgate,whichhascausedalotofinconveniencetous.有許多父母來(lái)接孩子，門(mén)口附近經(jīng)常發(fā)生交通擁堵，這給我們?cè)斐珊芏嗖槐恪?．Itisaimedatstoppingmontrafficviolationssuchasspeeding,runningaredlight,drunkdriving,drivingwithoutlicenseandsoon.其目的是阻止常見(jiàn)的交通違規(guī)，例如超速、闖紅燈、酒后駕車(chē)以及無(wú)證駕駛等。交通擁堵已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今社會(huì)令人煩惱的問(wèn)題，那么如何緩減交通壓力呢？請(qǐng)你就這個(gè)話題寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文，提出自己的要求和建議。詞數(shù)100左右。[參考范文]Thereisnodoubtthattrafficcongestionbeesagrowingworryfortheresidentsofmosturbanareas.Somemajorroadsareregularlychokedwithtrafficinrushhours.Thelimitedtransportcapacitycontributeslargelytothevexingproblem.Howtosolvetheheadache?It'stimethegovernmenttakemeasurestoimprovethetrafficconditions.Inmyview，theexistingsolutionstotrafficjammainlyaimatcreatingmetrobussystemsandbroadeningmajorroads.First，wideningtheexistingroadscansolvetrafficsnarlsonsomelevel.Second，soaringcarownershippoundsthechronicannoyingproblem,sowemustsharplyreducetheheavyrelianceoncarsanddriveashifttothemasstransportation.Third，itisacheapandgoodway.Wecancreateasystemofcustomizedbusroutesandhighlightthedevelopmentofsubways,trolleysandlightrail.Theeffectivebinationofthesesolutionswillenabletheurbanareastopossessasmoothtraffic.[高頻詞匯]1．________(vt.)運(yùn)送，輸送；表達(dá)2．________(adv.)遺憾地，不幸地，可惜地3．________(adj.)非常壞(或非常好、非常極端)的，令人難以置信的4．________(vt.)延遲，延期5．________(vt.&vi.)(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞滿，堵塞；(n.)哽咽聲，嗆住的聲音6．________(vt.&vi.)承擔(dān)，從事；承諾，答應(yīng)7．________(vt.&vi.)擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，增大8．________(vi.&vt.)分割，(使)分開(kāi)；撕開(kāi)，割破9．________(adj.)每年的，一年一次的10．________(n.)離開(kāi)，出發(fā)；背離，違反11．________(adj.)準(zhǔn)時(shí)的，守時(shí)的12．________(vi.)出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生13．________(vt.)處以罰金14．________(adj.)喝醉的；(n.)醉漢，酒鬼15．________(n.)負(fù)荷，負(fù)載；大量，許多；(vt.)裝載，裝上，裝入16．________(n.)人行橫道；十字路口，交叉點(diǎn)；穿越【答案】1.convey2.unfortunately3.unbelievable4．postpone5.choke6.undertake7.enlarge8.split9.annual10.departure11.punctual12.arise13.fine14．drunk15.load16.cross[派生詞匯]1．________(adv.)遺憾地，不幸地，可惜地→________(adj.)幸運(yùn)的→________(n.)幸運(yùn)，財(cái)富2．________(adj.)非常壞(或非常好、非常極端)的，令人難以置信的→________(adj.)可信的→________v．相信3．________(n.)預(yù)訂，預(yù)約；保留意見(jiàn)→________(v.)預(yù)訂，預(yù)約4．________(vt.&vi.)擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，增大→________(adj.)大的5．________(vt.)違犯，違反；侵犯→________(n.)違反[詞綴歸納]在reservation一詞中，“-ation”為構(gòu)成名詞后綴，常見(jiàn)的還有：explanationn．解釋，說(shuō)明；graduationn．畢業(yè)；imaginationn．想象；immigrationn．移民；reputationn．名譽(yù)；occupationn．工作，職業(yè)?！敬鸢浮?.unfortunately；fortunate；fortune2．unbelievable；believable；believe3.reservation；reserve4.enlarge；large5.violate；violation[語(yǔ)境活用]1．Didanythinginteresting________(產(chǎn)生)fromthemeeting?2．Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroadatapedestrian________(十字路口)orelsewhere.3．IamanenthusiasticsupporterofProjectHopeandmywifeandIcontributetoit________(annual)．4．________inyourselfandworkharderthanothers.Thenyoucando________things.(believable)5．Hewantedtomakea________intheUSA,but_______，hediedhalfway.(fortune)6．Theofficerinvolvedwasdismissedbecausehehad_______strictguidelines.Nowheregretshis________oftherules.(violate)7．Theproject________(從事)bytheyoungengineeronhisownturnedouttobeverysuccessful.8．Whentheinformationistobe________(傳遞)overanydistance,amunicationsystemisrequired.【答案】1.arise2.crossing3.annually4.Believe；unbelievable5.fortune；unfortunately6.violated；violation7.undertaken8.conveyed1．drop________中途下客或卸貨2．link________聯(lián)合，連接3．put________(給某人)接通()；使經(jīng)歷4．decide________決定，選定5．put________推遲，推延；使反感6．turn________出現(xiàn)，到來(lái)；調(diào)高音量7．fill________填寫(xiě)(表格)8．split________分組，分解；分離9．speed________(使)加速10．a(chǎn)rise________起因于，由……引起11．result________造成12．________goodcondition身體健康，狀況好13．inconnection________與……有聯(lián)系14．________needof需要15．watchout________小心16．beaimed________旨在，目的是【答案】1.off2.up3.through4.on/upon5.off6.up7．in8.up9.up10.from11.in12.in13.with14.in15.for16.at[語(yǔ)境活用]1．Don'tforgettofill________yourboardingcards.2．Thesoldierswereput________eightweeksofbasictraining.3．WhatproblemsshouldIwatchout________whenbuyinganoldhouse?4．Fiftypercentofroadaccidentsresult________headinjuries.5．Myfriende-mailedbacktotellmeshehadsplit________withherhusbandformonths.6．It'sreportedthatmoreandmorecitiesarefacedwiththeproblemofroadsafetyandthedeathsarising________it.7．ItwasaremarkablecoincidencethatJohnshouldturn________herejustwhenweneededhim.8．Canyouspeed________alittle?I'llbelateupformyflight.【答案】1.in2.through3.for4.in5.up6.from7．up8.up1.[原句]So,whynottakeatripontheoldestundergroundsystemtoday?[點(diǎn)撥]“whynot＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示“為什么不……”。常用來(lái)提出建議。[仿寫(xiě)]天氣多好??！為什么不出去散散步呢？Whatpleasantweather!_____________outforawalk?2.[原句]Belowaresomeofthemajorcausesofroadaccidentsinconnectionwithvehiclessuchascars,minibusesandlorries，andwhatdriversshoulddotopreventthem.[點(diǎn)撥]本句是完全倒裝句。[仿寫(xiě)]山頂上有一座古廟。Onthetopofthehill________________________.3.[原句]Itisuptoallofusroaduserstomakesurethatweavoidaccidentsbypayingattentiontoroadsafety.[點(diǎn)撥]Itisuptosb.todosth.為固定句式，意為“由某人決定做某事”。[仿寫(xiě)]我們?nèi)ミ€是不去，由你決定。It's________________________whetherwewillgoornot.【答案】1.Whynotgo2.stoodanoldtemple3.uptoyoutodecide第一板塊核心詞匯[基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)要牢記](méi)1．conveyvt.運(yùn)送，輸送；表達(dá)，傳達(dá)conveyone'sfeelings/emotions/meanings…表達(dá)某人的感受/情感/意思……conveysth.tosb.向某人表達(dá)/傳遞某事conveysb./sth.fromAtoB把某人或某物從A地運(yùn)送到B地①Thepieceofinformationforvictorywasconveyedtothecountry.勝利的消息被傳達(dá)到了國(guó)內(nèi)。②Understandingyourownneedsandstylesofmunicationisasimportantaslearning________youraffectionandemotions.了解你自己交流的需求和方式與學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)你的喜愛(ài)和情感一樣重要。【答案】②toconvey[巧學(xué)助記](méi)Thepremierconveyedhissorrowforthedeadandorderedthenecessitiesshouldbeconveyedimmediatelytotheearthquake-hitareas.總理表達(dá)了對(duì)死者的哀悼之情，并且命令立即把必需品運(yùn)送到地震災(zāi)區(qū)。2．postponevt.延遲，延期postponesth.to/until…把某事推遲到……postponedoingsth.耽擱/推遲做某事①Thematchhadto________________.比賽不得不延期舉行。②Let'spostponemakingadecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.讓我們獲取更多信息之后再作決定吧。③Ourmanagerdecidedtopostponehisvacationuntil/tonextmonth.我們經(jīng)理決定把自己的假期推遲到下個(gè)月?！敬鸢浮竣賐epostponed[溫馨提示]postpone后可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。[正]TomandJimhavedecidedtopostponehavingafamilyforawhile.[誤]TomandJimhavedecidedtopostponetohaveafamilyforawhile.3．undertakevt.&vi.承擔(dān)，從事；承諾，答應(yīng)undertaketodosth.答應(yīng)/同意做某事undertakethat…承諾……①TheUnitedNationsOrganization(UNO)couldundertaketodirectthedistributionofaid.聯(lián)合國(guó)組織承擔(dān)指導(dǎo)救助分配的任務(wù)。②Irepeatthatwecannotundertakethetask.我再說(shuō)一遍，我們不能承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。③She________fullresponsibilityforthenewchanges.她為新變化承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。【答案】③undertook4．reservationn．預(yù)訂，預(yù)約；保留意見(jiàn)(1)makeareservation預(yù)訂withoutreservation毫無(wú)保留地have/expressreservationsabout對(duì)……保留意見(jiàn)，對(duì)……表示懷疑(2)reservevt.保留；預(yù)訂；儲(chǔ)備n.貯藏(物)；儲(chǔ)備reservesth.forsb.為某人準(zhǔn)備某物inreserve備用①Wealwayskeepsomemoneyinreserve，justincase.我們總是存一些錢(qián)以防萬(wàn)一。②Customersareadvisedtomakeseatreservationswellinadvance.建議顧客提前訂好座位。③Tomysurprise，theyacceptedtheproposalwithout________________.令我吃驚的是，他們毫無(wú)保留地接受了這個(gè)建議?！敬鸢浮竣踨eservation5．a(chǎn)rise(arose，arisen)vi.出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生arisefrom＝ariseoutof由……引起/產(chǎn)生arisefrom…從……起身if/whentheneedarises如果/當(dāng)有需要①Anumberofhighbuildings____________wheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.很多高樓在一年前還是廢墟的地方拔地而起。②Sciencearisesfromthepracticalnecessityofdealingwitheverydayproblems.科學(xué)出自人們處理日常問(wèn)題的實(shí)際需要。③Usethismoneyiftheneedarises,butyoumustn'twasteit.如果需要就使用這筆錢(qián)，但你千萬(wàn)不能浪費(fèi)。[溫馨提示]arise為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意為“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”時(shí)，主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞。[一詞多義]寫(xiě)出下列句中arise的含義④Itcan'tbetoocarefulwhiledriving.Accidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.________⑤Seeingaguestingin，theboyarosefromhischairimmediately.________⑥Heoftenarisesearlyinthemorninganddoesexercisestobuilduphisbody.________【答案】①havearisen④發(fā)生⑤站起⑥起床6．loadn．負(fù)荷，負(fù)載；大量，許多vt.裝載，裝入，裝上(1)aloadof＝loadsof大量的，許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)takealoadoffsb.'smind消除某人的思想負(fù)擔(dān)(2)loadup裝載load…with…用……裝載……loado/onto…把某物裝入(到)……①Learningwithoutwisdomisaloadofbooksonanass's(驢)back.沒(méi)有智慧的學(xué)問(wèn)就像驢背上的一堆書(shū)。②Thegoodnewshastakenaloadoffmymindthatmysonisoutofdanger.兒子脫離危險(xiǎn)的好消息使我如釋重負(fù)。③Oftenthisearliestformofadvertisinginvolvedanewlyarrivedship________withgoods.通常這種早期形式的廣告與一個(gè)剛到的載滿貨物的輪船有關(guān)?！敬鸢浮竣踠oaded[溫馨提示]aloadof/loadsof后可跟可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與of后的名詞一致。[巧學(xué)助記](méi)7．linkup聯(lián)合，連接；使結(jié)合；使連接linkupwith與……連接/聯(lián)合link…to/with將……與……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)belinkedto與……有關(guān)①JoinintheholidayfunatthePowerhousethismonth________toournewexhibition.在Powerhouse參加本月與我們新的展覽有關(guān)的假期趣事。②Thetwosatelliteswilllinkupwithoneanotherinspace.兩顆衛(wèi)星要在太空中接頭了。【答案】①linked8．putthrough給某人接通()；使經(jīng)歷；使成功；使通過(guò)；完成(1)putsb.through給某人接通()；使某人經(jīng)受(磨煉、痛苦)；使某人完成putsth.through完成(工作、計(jì)劃等)；使成功(2)putoff推遲，延遲putup張貼；建造，搭起；留宿putaway收起來(lái)放好；儲(chǔ)蓄puton穿(戴)上；上演；增加(體重)putin加入，放入putforward提出；撥快(鐘表指針)；提前putout熄滅；出版①Don'tputofftilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.今日事，今日畢。②Whyisitthatyou'veeoutagainsttheproposalhe____________？為什么你要反對(duì)他提出的建議呢？[一詞多義]寫(xiě)出下列句中putthrough的含義。③I'mlookingforapart-timejobtohelp(to)putmethroughschool.________④Boththeboyswereputthroughthepainstheyhadneverexperiencedbefore.________⑤Theyputallthestudentsthroughtheimportantexams.________⑥Couldyouputmethroughtomyteacher，please？Ihavesomethingimportanttotellher.________【答案】②putforward③完成④使經(jīng)歷⑤使通過(guò)⑥接通9．speedup(使)加速speedn．速度；進(jìn)度athigh/low/full/topspeed以高/低/全/最高速ataspeedof…以……速度withallspeed盡快地pickupspeed加速①Suddenly,abikerushedoutofthelaneathighspeed.Wecrashedintoeachother.忽然一輛自行車(chē)高速駛出胡同，我們撞車(chē)了。②We'redrivingataspeedofabout50mileseachhour.我們以每小時(shí)大約50英里的速度駕車(chē)前進(jìn)。③Havingrealizedthatoppositepartylookdifference，sheloweredherhead____________upthefootsteps.察覺(jué)對(duì)方眼神異樣，她低頭加快了腳步?！敬鸢浮竣踫peeding[溫馨提示]speed的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式：speeded，speeded或sped，sped，但當(dāng)它與副詞up連用時(shí)，通常只用規(guī)則形式。speedup的反義短語(yǔ)為slowdown“放慢速度”。[詞匯訓(xùn)練全通關(guān)]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thereismuchthatcanbedoneabouttheaccidents________(arise)fromcarelessness.2．Lifeislikeabus________(load)withpassengers，eachmantohisdestination.3．RobertsuggestedLesterundertake________carryouttheconstructionofthenewbuilding.4．—HiltonHotel.CanIhelpyou?—I'dliketomakea________(reserve)foradoubleroomforthisFridaynight.5．Aclasswith40kidsismorelikelytosplit________opposinggroupsthanonewith20，whichmayexplainwhystudentstendtodobetterinsmallerclasses.6．Atthepressconference，themanager________(convey)themessagethatthepanyistryingtofindpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.7．TheInternetiswidelyused，whichspeeds________thedevelopmentofEnglish.8．OnthewaytotheSummerPalace，wedropped________PekingUniversity.9．Itwasreportedthatthetwospacecraftshadlinked________witheachotherinorbityesterday.10．Ican'tunderstandhispostponing________(make)adecisionuntilitistoolate.【答案】1.o9.up10.makingⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Onthechairssittingthreegraduates，whocamehereforthisjobinterview._____________________________________________________________2．Myson'spassingtheexamhastakenaloadfrommymind._____________________________________________________________3．Heinsistedthatalltheinjuredshouldbeconveyedtothespottothehospitalatonce._____________________________________________________________4．Theschooltriphasbeeanannuallyevent._____________________________________________________________5．Canwebeginbydiscussingmattersarosefromthelastmeeting?_____________________________________________________________【答案】1.sitting→sat2.from→off3.第一個(gè)to改為from4．a(chǎn)nnually→annual5.arose→arising第二板塊經(jīng)典句式[基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)要牢記](méi)1．So，why_not_takeatripontheoldestundergroundsystemtoday?那么，今天為什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地鐵觀光一番呢？Whynotdosth.？是Whydon'tyoudosth.？的省略形式，意為“為什么不……？”，是表示建議的常用句型。表示“建議”的常見(jiàn)句型還有：Let'sdo…讓我們做……吧。Shallwedo…？讓我們做……，好嗎？Wouldyouliketodo…？你想要(愿意)做……嗎？Willyoupleasedo…？請(qǐng)你做……，好嗎？What(How)aboutdoing…？做……怎么樣？Isuggestthatsb.(should)do…我建議某人做……You'dbetter(not)do…你最好(不)做……①Whynotbuyasecond－h(huán)andcarfirstifyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?如果你沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)買(mǎi)新的，為什么不先買(mǎi)一輛二手車(chē)呢？②Willyoupleasehelpmecleanthewindowsoftheclassroom?請(qǐng)你幫我擦教室的窗玻璃，好嗎？③Howaboutthetwoofus________________aftersupper?晚飯后我們兩人出去散步怎么樣？【答案】③goingoutforawalk2．It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_surethatweavoidaccidentsbypayingattentiontoroadsafety.靠注意道路安全來(lái)確保避免事故，這就取決于我們大家，即道路使用者。Itisuptosb.todosth.為固定句式，多出現(xiàn)在口語(yǔ)中，意為“由某人決定做某事；做某事是某人的職責(zé)”。①—Whatshallwedotonightthen?—It'suptoyou—whateveryouwant.——我們今天晚上干什么呢？——你來(lái)決定，你想干什么都行。②Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It'suptoyoutofillit.生命提供給你時(shí)間與空間。如何填滿它由你決定。③________________tomaketheofficecleanandtidyeveryday.每天保持辦公室干凈整潔是他的職責(zé)?！敬鸢浮竣跧t'suptohim[句式訓(xùn)練全通關(guān)]Ⅰ.完成句子1．后面的墻上掛著一幅中國(guó)地圖。Onthebackwall________________________.2．你需要休息，為什么不休假兩周呢？Youneedabreak.________________takeafortnightofffromwork?3．我們不能強(qiáng)迫他上大學(xué)，這得由他來(lái)決定。Wecan'tforcehimtogotocollege.________________________.【答案】1.hangsamapofChina2.Whynot3.It'suptohimⅡ.話題寫(xiě)作根據(jù)提示，利用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)，完成下面小作文。1．第一輛公共汽車(chē)出現(xiàn)在上個(gè)世紀(jì)早期。(appear)2．它是最普遍的交通方式，在我們的日常生活中一直起著重要作用。(playarolein)3．公共汽車(chē)系統(tǒng)有很多特點(diǎn)。首先，公共汽車(chē)票相對(duì)便宜，大多數(shù)人都付得起。(afford)4．其次，公交線路幾乎延伸到城市的每個(gè)角落，幾乎方便了所有人。(extend)5．缺點(diǎn)是在交通高峰時(shí)會(huì)堵車(chē)。(disadvantage，getstuckin)【參考范文】Thefirstbusappearedearlyinthelastcentury.Itisthemostwidespreadformoftransportationandhasbeenplayinganimportantroleinourdailylife.Thepublicbussystemhasmanyspecialfeatures.First，busticketsarerelativelycheapandmostpeoplecanaffordthem.Second，buslinesextendtoalmosteverycornerofcities，andareconvenientforalmosteveryone.Thedisadvantageisthatatrushhour，youmaygetstuckintraffic.[閱讀理解組塊練]Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAcrosstheUnitedStates，thereareseveralplaceswheretwoindependenttownsgrewtogethertobeeonecity—butkeptboththeirnames.Winston-Salemisoneofthem.It'samid-sizedcityinwhat'scalledtheplateau(highland)，betweentheAtlanticCoastandtheinlandmountainsinthestateofNorthCarolina.TheWinstonpartisarelativelynewplace，foundedearlythiscentury.It'shometothenation'sbiggestopenairtobaccomarket.ThegiantR．J.ReynoldsTobaccopany'sheadquartersisinWinston-Salem，andWinstonisthenameofoneofReynolds'bestknowncigarettebrands.Fast-growingWinstonsoonsurroundedthemucholdertownofSalem，soin1913，peopleintheareavotedtobinethemintoasingleplace.Fromahistoricalandtouristpointofview，Salem，orOldSalem，asit'scalledtoday，istheinterestingandunusualpartoftown.Salemwasfoundedinthe1700sbytheMoravians.TheyspokeGerman，andtheirmunitywasreligiouslybased，withsinglemenandsinglewomenlivingapartinseparatedormitories.TheMoraviansgreatlyvaluedwomen'sworkandbrainpower.Infact，oneofthenation'soldestboardingschoolsforyoungwomen－theMoravians'SalemAcademyfoundedin1772－isstillinoperation.Overtheyears，SalemlostitsMoraviancharacter.Thatallchanged，though，whenanonprofitgroupbegantorehabilitatethehistoricarea.ThesedaysOldSalemiswhat'scalledalivinghistorymuseum，withexhibits，music，andtoursof18th-centuryhouses，tavernsandMoraviandormitorybuildingsjustsevenblocksfromthetallestskyscraperinWinston-Salem.Thehistoricmunityisboomingagain.JustasR．J.Reynoldsistakinginmillionsofdollarsmakingcigarettesacrosstown，OldSalemisgeneratingabout$15millionayearintourismrevenueanddonations.1．Fromthepassagewecanknowthat________.A．Winston-SalemisthenameofacityB．SalemishometothetobaccomarketC．thecityWinston-SalemhastwonamesD．OldSalemisthenameofatobaccobrand2．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that________.A．thetwocitiesbenefitedeachotherB．SalemdevelopedfasterthanWinstonC．thebinationmeetsthewishesofthepeopleD．R.J.ReynoldspanyhasmovedintoSalem3.Theunderlinedword“rehabilitate”inParagraph6isclosestinmeaningto________.A．reconstruct B．evaluateC．enlarge D．decorate4．Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthefollowingpart?A．SomeotherattractionsinWinston-Salem.B．HowWinstonmakesprofitsfromtourism.C．Otherexamplesofcitiesbinedbytwoparts.D．Somethingabouttheboardingschoolforwomen.【答案與解析】1．A推理判斷題。文章第一段說(shuō)兩個(gè)原本獨(dú)立的美國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)會(huì)逐漸合二為一，第二段就引出了Winston-Salem，由此可知這是一個(gè)城市的名字。故選A。2．C推理判斷題。由第三段的peopleintheareavotedtobinethemintoasingleplace.可知人們投票同意將兩個(gè)地方合并，所以說(shuō)“滿足了人們的愿望”。故選C。3．A詞義猜測(cè)題。由該詞前面的句意可知，rehabilitate表示“重建，再建”。4．C推理判斷題。文章主要講述“美國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)合二為一”，又舉了Winston-Salem的例子，所以接下來(lái)最有可能談?wù)摰膶⑹恰捌渌隙橐坏睦印?。故選C。B(2018·河南省中原名校高三第六次質(zhì)量考評(píng))AnautonomousvehicledesignedformakinglocalmercedeliverieswasunveiledbyNuro.ThevehicleisabouttheheightofanSWbutfarnarrowerthanatypicalcar.Theelectriccarfeaturesfourexteriorpartments(暗格)—twooneachside—toholdseparatedeliveries.Eachpartmentcanbetailoredtoaspecificuse,suchascookingapizzaorrefrigeratingapackage.“Wecanuseself-drivingtechnologytodeliveranything,anytime,anywhereforbasicallyalllocalgoodsandservices，”Nuroco-founderDaveFergusonsaid.“Consumersusedtobeokaywithtwo-weekpaidshipping.Itbecametwo-weekfreedelivery,followedbyoneweek,twodays,andthesameday.Nowsame-daydeliveryisn'tfastenoughforsomecustomers.”Nuroisn'taloneinbuildingrobotsforlocalmercedeliveries.Earlierthismonth,Toyota,aJapanesecarpany,unveiledaconceptvehiclethatcouldbeusedforpackagedelivery.Ahandfulofstartups—includingStarshipTechnologies,MarbleandDispatch—aretestingsmallrobotsfordeliveriesonsidewalks.Nuro'svehiclewilllikelyfacelegalhurdles.Fullyautonomousvehicleswithoutatestdriveraren'tlegalinCaliforniatoday,andmanypanieshaveshiftedtestingtostateswhereregulatorsaremorewelingofautonomousvehicles,suchasArizona.Nuroexpectstofacefewerchallengesbecauseitdoesn'tcarrypassengers.Nuro'snarrowsizemayalsobehelpfulwhennavigatingstreetsandavoidingpedestrians.Thevehicleisn'tequippedwithanyspecialfeaturestomunicatewithpedestriansorotherroadusers.Somepanieshavetestedandpatentedsolutionssuchasdigitalscreensthatsignalthecar'snextmove.Fergusonsaidhisteamconductedstudiesandfoundthatsuchtechniquescouldconfusepeople.Nurobelievesit'sbettertomakesurethecarperformspredictably,sothathumandriversknowwhattoexpectfromit.“Wefeelbycreatingthisnewtechnologythat'sgoingtoenablethislastmiledelivery,we'regoingtobecreatingnewmarketsanddoingthingsthatpreviouslyweren'tpossible，”Fergusonsaid.“Thisisnotswappingoutjobswithrobots.It'screatingnewmarkets.Therewilldefinitelybenewemploymentopportunities.”5．WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheNuro'sself-drivingvehicle?A．Itcancookdeliciousmealsforcustomers.B．Itisapioneerinthefieldofself-drivingvehicles.C．Itisfarnarrowerandhigherthanotherautonomousones.D．Itsdeliveriescanbetransportedinthespecialpartments.6．WhyistheNuro'svehiclenotequippedwithmunicatingfeatures?A．Itsdigitalscreensoftenbreakdown.B．Peoplemaybepuzzledatthefeatures.C．Thefeatureshavenotbeendeveloped.D．Itsperformanceisusuallyhardtopredict.7．WhatcanweinferaboutFerguson'sopiniononthisnewtechnology?A．Beneficial. B．Challenging.C．Controversial. D．Ambiguous.【答案與解析】5．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后兩句可知，Nuro自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)的主要特征是它可以用特殊的暗格運(yùn)送物品，故選D。6．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第五句可知，這樣的技術(shù)可能會(huì)使人困惑，故選B。7．A觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Ferguson的話可知這樣的新技術(shù)可以增加新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，可以推測(cè)Ferguson認(rèn)為這樣的新技術(shù)是有益的，故選A。C(2018·福建閩侯第六月考)Whatmightthefuturebelike?Herearesomepredictions:thingstoe，thingstogo.SpringFestival，themostimportantChineseholidaywheneveryonereturnshomehascausedheadachesformillionsofChinese.Morethan2billionpeopletravelatthesametime，makinggettingtravelticketsandthejourneydifficult.Butin28years，SpringFestivaltravelmaynotbeaproblematall.Chinaplanstobuildmorethan120,000kilometersofrailwayandafasttransportationnetworkthatwillserve90%ofthepopulationby2020.AndbecausemostofChinawillbecities，peoplewillnothavetogotootherplacestofindajob，soitwillnolongerbeaproblem.Newspaperswilletoanendin2043.Inthefuture，digitalnewspaperswillbesenttopersonalwebtoolsthroughInternet.Readerscandiscusstopicswithjournalistsandeditors.Informationwillmovefaster.Oilisrunningoutfasterthanexpected.Butscientistshavefoundsomethingelseforoilasfuel.Coal，naturalgas，solarpower，nuclearpowerandevenwatercantaketheplaceofoilassourcesofenergy.Schoolswillgoelectronic(電子化)．puterswillbeimportantandpopularamongthestudents.Everythingwillbeintheputerandstudentswillnotneedtobringbookstoschool.TheywillfindinformationontheInternet.Aputerwillbethestudents'library，schoolbagandconnectiontotheoutsideworld.Therewillberobotteachers，whowillcheckhomeworkonputersandmunicatewiththestudents'parentsthroughe-mail.Andschoolbuseswillbelikespaceships，fortableandsafe.8．WhyhastheSpringFestivalcausedheadachesformanyChinese?A．BecauseitisthemostimportantChineseholiday.B．Becauseitcoststoomuchmoneytocelebrateit.C．Becausethetrafficistooheavythen.D．Becausethetravelticketsaretooexpensivethen.9．Whatisnotmentionedinthepassageassourcesofenergyis________.A．coal B．windC．nuclearpower D．water10．Fromthepassagewecanknow________inthefuture.A．theSpringFestivaltravelmaystillbeaproblemB．90%ofthepopulationwillliveinthecityC．robotteacherswillcheckhomeworkD．oilisrunningoutfasterthanexpected，howeverscientistshaven'tfoundsomethingelseforoilasfuel11．What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Schoolswillgoelectronic.B．puterswillbeimportant.C．Therewillberobotteachers.D．Schoolbuseswillbelikespaceships.【答案與解析】8．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句可知在春節(jié)期間中國(guó)超過(guò)20億人次同時(shí)出行，這使得春運(yùn)期間購(gòu)票和出行變得困難。故選C。9．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段的描述可知，文章中沒(méi)有提到風(fēng)能，故選B。10．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可知選C。11．A段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段首句及下文描述可知，本段主要是說(shuō)將電子化。故選A。D(2018·江西百所名校聯(lián)考)TheOklahomateen'seyeswerecoveredbytwoblindfolds(眼罩)forthebigsurprise：beingreunitedwithherfather，James，after12-yearseparation.“Ihadactuallydiscussedwithherthenightbeforeatarestaurantandtalkedoverthedetailsofwherewewouldgoandhowwewouldpullitoff，”saidAmanda，RoryBeth'smother.AvideoshowsAmandaledherblindfoldeddaughteroutoftheircarandguidedheracrosstheparkinglotofBrokenArrowLanesinBrokenArrow.Littledidsheknow，herfatherwasonthesidewalkholdingabirthdaycakethatread，“HappyBirthdayRoryBeth，LoveDad.”Whentheteenslowlypulleddownherblindfolds，shewasdumbfounded.BoththefatheranddaughterstoodsilentlylookingateachotheruntilJamesfinallywalkedoverandhuggedher.Jamesonlybroketheirembracetolookathisdaughterandholdherface.“Thereweredefinitelylotsoftearsfrommyself，herbrothers，andevenafewbystanders，”saidAmanda.Jameswasatruckdriverwhospentalotoftimeontheroad，andAmandasplitwithhimwhenRoryBethwasababy.“Itwashardtofigureouthowtomakeitwork，”Amandasaid.AmandafeltRoryBethwasnowoldenoughtounderstandandtoaskanyquestionsshemayhave，sothereunionhappened.ThebirthdaysurprisewasonJune4，andthefatheranddaughterhadseeneachotheragainsince，evencelebratingFather'sDaytogether.AmandasaidherdaughterandJameswerebothdelightedtobereunited.“She'salreadycallinghim‘Daddy’andtellshimthatsheloveshim，”Amandasaid.“They'rebothverymitted.”12．WhatcausedRoryBethtobeseparatedfromherfatherfor12years?A．Herparents'divorce.B．Herfather'sworkingasatruckdriver.C．Themisunderstandingbetweenthem.D．Herpreferenceforlivingwithhermother.13．WhydidRoryBethreunitewithherfather?A．Herfatherwaseagertoseeher.B．Shehadmanyquestionstoaskherfather.C．Shewasoldenoughtorecognizeherfather.D．Hermotherthoughtitwastimeforhertoseeherfather.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dumbfounded”inParagraph4mean?A．Tired. B．Scared.C．Shocked. D．Confused.15．Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．ThevideoaboutthereunionwasshotbyJameshimself.B．RoryBeth'sbrothersdidn'tacpanyhertoseeherfather.C．RoryBethcalledJames“Daddy”onher12thbirthday.D．AmandahadaconversationwithRoryBethonJune3.【答案與解析】12．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的第一句可知，父母的離異導(dǎo)致了RoryBeth與父親的分離。故選A。13．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句可知，母親覺(jué)得RoryBeth足夠大了，可以理解父母了，所以讓父女倆見(jiàn)面。故選D。14．C詞義猜測(cè)題。父母讓RoryBeth戴上眼罩就是為了給她驚喜。摘下眼罩突然看到多年未見(jiàn)的父親還有生日蛋糕，會(huì)讓RoryBeth感到吃驚。shocked震驚的。故選C。15．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中第一句和最后一段中第一句可推知Amanda和女兒在6月3日談過(guò)話。故選D。II.七選五CarbonFootprintWhilemakingvisitstonationalparksorforestpreserves，you'lloftenbetoldtoleavenothingbutfootprints.1Oneisyourphysicalfootprint.Theotheriswhatisknownasyourcarbonfootprint.2Oftenpeopleconsidertheircarbonfootprinttobetheresultoftheirimmediateuseoffossilfuelsandenergyusage，likecookingwithnaturalgasorusingpetroltoruntheirautomobile.3Thismayincludethefossilfuelusedtotransportthefoodthatyoubuyatyourlocalgrocerystore，ortheenergyusedtodealwiththewasteproducedinyourhousehold.Takingsmallstepstoreduceyourcarbonfootprintandsavingenergyisactuallyfairlysimple.4Itrequirestheburningoffossilfuelstomakethebottle，transportit，andgetridofitifit'snotrecycledparedwithit，in-housefiltration(過(guò)濾)systemscanreduceyourinfluenceandcostforwater.Unpluggingappliancesthatarenotfrequentlyinuseisanotherwaytoreduceyourcarbonfoot