江蘇大學(xué)研究生英語(yǔ)課程講義分析翻譯

Unit11.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity;itwastheseasonoftheLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness;itwasthespringofHope,itwasthewinterofDespair;wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingtoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.2)Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,lendanear,pataback,lightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,boostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.2.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.Asanimportantmeansforpreservingknowledge,variousliteratureshavebecomepreciousresourcesortreasuresforthemankind,whichhavegreatlycontributedtothesocialprogressofthehumanrace.Professionalliteratureshavebeenregardedas“intangibleassets”ofthewholeworldbecausetheyare,ontheonehand,thesummary,generalization,anddevelopmentoftheachievementsobtainedonthebasisofpreviousexperiencesorstudies;andontheotherhand,theyhavebeenaccumulatedandhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Inthissense,therefore,allkindsofliteraturearerecordsofpreciousresearchfindingsandacademicachievements,andthecrystallizationofhumancivilization.3.PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.翻譯的意義是將詞句從一種語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種語(yǔ)言。簡(jiǎn)單地講，它是用與原作不同的語(yǔ)言將作者的真正意思準(zhǔn)確地復(fù)述出來(lái)的一種藝術(shù)。從以上翻譯的定義來(lái)看，我們知道詞句的原意必須盡可能保持準(zhǔn)確，不可有所增刪。翻譯者的任務(wù)只是變換詞匯而不是改變其意思。因此，翻譯有兩種要素：準(zhǔn)確性與表達(dá)性。準(zhǔn)確性是翻譯的首要條件。譯者必須謹(jǐn)慎地遵循原作者的意思。字詞的選擇與句式結(jié)構(gòu)必須如實(shí)傳達(dá)原作的思想。表達(dá)性是使譯文易于理解。換言之，譯者必須用自己的文字盡可能將原作思想清楚而有力地表達(dá)出來(lái)。準(zhǔn)確性是使譯文的意義確切無(wú)誤，而表達(dá)性則是使譯文生動(dòng)，引人入勝。Unit3reports1.SampleAnalysisSampleIInformalReportMEMORANDUMTO:AudreyRivers FROM: KevinYoungManager,HumanResources PersonnelAssistantSUBJECT:EvaluationoftheRoningGroup’s“Meetings”SeminarDATE:March19,1995IfoundTheRoilingGroup’s“Meetings”seminartobewellworthattendingandrecommendthatitbemadeavailabletoallsupervisoryemployees.Theattachedfolderdescribestheseminarindetail.Itsfulltitleis“IncreasingtheEffectivenessofBusinessMeetings,”anditisavailableintwoformats:asapublicseminar,suchastheoneIattended,andasakitforin-housepresentation.Attendancealapublicseminarcosts$85perperson.Thekit,whichcontainssufficientmaterialstotrain48employees,costs$1200,whichisequivalentto$25perperson.TheseminarIattendedwasheldatthedowntownHolidayInnfrom9:00a.m.to4:30p.m.yesterday,March18.YouaskedmetoattendsethatIcouldevaluateitssuitabilityforcompanyadoption.Duringthemorningtheseminarleaderdemonstratedtechniquesforimprovingmeetingperformanceandthenassignedustotwogroupsandgaveusrolestoplayasmeetingparticipants.Intheafternoon:Forthefirsthour,grouponeheldameetingandgrouptwoevaluatedthemeetingparticipants’performanceonaone-to-onebasis.Forthesecondhour,thegroups’roleswerereversed.Theseminarleaderthensummedupanddrewattentiontoourstrengthsandweaknesses.Ifoundtheseminartobeanexcellentlearningexperience.Theatmospherewasrelaxed,theparticipantswereactivelyinvolvedformorethan75%ofthetimeandhadrealistic,recognizablerolestoplay,andthescenariosforthetwomeetingswerebothrelevantandthoroughlydeveloped.Ofparticularvaluewerethecommentswecouldmakeononeanother’sperformanceasmeetingparticipants.IsuggestwepurchasetheRoilingGroup’s“Meetings”kitanduseittotrainourmanagersandsupervisorstoholdmoreefficientmeetings.TheexperienceIgainedatyesterday’sseminarhaspreparedmetorimin-houseworkshops.(ThesignatureofKevin)Notes：1．（什么種類(lèi)的報(bào)告，背景，報(bào)告的雙方）這是一份非正式報(bào)告。人事助理Kevin在參加一次最近召開(kāi)的研討會(huì)后向人事部經(jīng)理遞交的—份對(duì)該會(huì)的評(píng)估報(bào)告。這種報(bào)告實(shí)際上是一種備忘錄式的報(bào)告，因此叫Memorandum。To指收件人，F(xiàn)rom指報(bào)告人。2．（Subject）Subjectline主題項(xiàng)，它后面是報(bào)告的主要內(nèi)容。有些信函使用”Re:”即表示withreferenceto(關(guān)于)；”InRe:”即表示referringto(關(guān)于)。3.（組成部分）這類(lèi)報(bào)告一般分為以下部分：summarystatement，background，description(oftheseminar)，evaluation(oftheseminar),andoutcome．Sample2ROBERTSONENGINEEERINGSERVICESINSPECTIONREPORTALTERATLINSTOANDREDECORATIONOFNEWOFFICESFORTHETECHNICALPUBLICATIONSDEPARTMENTExceptforsomeminordeficiencies,therepairandrenovationworkiscomplete.TheofficescanbeoccupiedonNovemberI,asscheduled.TheseofficeswerepreviouslyoccupiedbyNor-WestDistributors,whovacatedthemonSeptember30,1994.AcontractforrenovatingandredecoratingthepromiseswaslettoCravenBuildersInc.onOctober2;itspecifiedtheworktobedoneandacompletiondateofOctober30,1994.ThecontractornotifiedusonOctober26thattheworkwascompleteandIinspectedthepremisesonOctober27.Thecontractorhasdoneagenerallygoodjob.Therearenosignsthattheprevioustemporarywallsexistedorhavebeenremoved,andthenewtemporarywallslooklikepermanentstructures.Decoratingqualityisverygood.Thefollowingdeficiencieswerenotedandmustbecorrectedbythecontractor:.1.Therubberunderlayneedstoberelaidunderpartsofthefittedcarpetinthenortheastcornerofthemainoffice.Currentlyitisbunchedinsevenoreightplaces.2.Thepelmetsoverallfourwindowsneedtobeextendedtothespecified78-inchwidth.Currentlytheyareonly64incheswide.3.Thedoortothemanager’sofficeneedstoberehungsothatitclosesfullyandthelockengages.4.Fourofthelightingfixturesneedtobemalignedsothattheyareallatthesamelevel.5.Thecoveneedstobeinstalledatthefootofallwalls.ThesedeficiencieswillnotpreventtheTechnicalPublicationsDepartmentfromoccupyingtheofficesonNovemberI.althoughIsuggestthatfurnitureshouldnotbeplacedinthenortheastsectionofthemainofficeuntilthecarpetunderlayhasbeenrelaid.Allotherdeficienciescanbecorrectedwithoutinterferingwiththedepartment’soperations.Isuggestthatasecondinspectionbescheduledbeforecontractorpaymentisapproved.ThesignatureofThorvaldsonPaulThorvaldson,P.E.October27,1994Notes：這是一份檢查報(bào)告，它比Samplel較正規(guī)，但仍屬informalreport。報(bào)告分以下部分：(1)summarystatement:tellingreadersrightawaywhattheymostwanttoknow--thatthenewfacilityisready(2)background：thedetailsleadinguptohisinspectionvisit(3)findings：conditionsfound+deficiencies(4)outcome：theresultoftheinspection2.TheTranslationofReportsThefollowingisasampleofLetterReportanditsChineseversion.TheGeneralManager,AcmeElectronicsLtd.,Canberra,ACT2600.DearSir,RENOVATIONS,153HILLCRESTYouinstructedmeon20thJune,1998toreportontherepairsandrenovationneededattheCompany’spremisesat153Hillcrest.Iaccordinglyvisitedthepremiseson25thJuneandmadethefollowingobservations:1.ThatthewallsoftheBranchOfficeManager’sofficeneedtoberepainted.2.Thattheair-conditioningplantneedstobeservicedinthenearfuture.3.Thatthecarpetinthereceptionhallisverywornandneedstobereplacedbyanewone.4.Thatthelockonthereardoorofthepremisescanveryeasilybeforcedandneedstobereplacedbyastronger“deadlock.”5.ThatanadditionaltelephoneisneededintheGeneralOffice.IthereforerecommendthattheMaintenanceOfficebeinstructedtocarryouttherenovationsl—4aboveandthattheTelephoneCompanyberequestedtoinstallanadditionalreceiverintheGeneralOfficeonthesamelineastheexistingreceivers.Yoursfaithfully,C.S.SpencerMaintenanceEngineer堪培拉，ACT2600Acme電子有限公司總經(jīng)理總經(jīng)理先生：您于1998年6月20日指示，要我對(duì)HILLCREST1．分公司經(jīng)理室的墻壁需要粉刷油漆。2．空調(diào)設(shè)備需要盡快維修。3．接待廳地毯嚴(yán)重磨損，需要更新。4．房舍后門(mén)的鎖很不牢實(shí)，需要更換成結(jié)實(shí)的”單閂鎖印”。5．公司辦公室需要加裝一部電話。綜上所述，請(qǐng)您指示公司維修部對(duì)上述前四項(xiàng)進(jìn)行維修，并請(qǐng)電話公司利用現(xiàn)有電話線路為辦公室另安裝一部電話。維修工程師C．S．斯賓塞Unit4abstracts1.PutthefollowingtechnicaltermsintoChinese.ballbearing（滾珠軸承）testbed（試驗(yàn)臺(tái)）carrierrocket（運(yùn)載火箭）pneumaticcushion（氣壓式緩沖器）tractorshoe（拖拉機(jī)履帶片）monkeydriver（錘式打樁機(jī)）ballcock（球閥）automaticpecker（自動(dòng)穿孔器）wormauger（螺旋鉆）decaydaughter（裂變產(chǎn)物）sistermetal（同類(lèi)金屬）foreigntissue（異體組織）getterpump（抽氣泵）ghostimage（疊影）heelblock（墊板）I-bar（工字梁）O-ring（環(huán)形圈）T-square（丁字尺）octahedron（八面體）zigzagchain（Z形鏈）gableroof（人字屋頂）crossstitch（十字縫）setsquare（三角尺）archdam（拱壩）camshaft（凸輪軸）conebuoy（錐形浮標(biāo)）U-bolt（U形螺栓）plasticstockings（玻璃絲襪）nosecap（防毒面具）2.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1MorethanthreethousandIPCsymbolsjammedintothechart.Hecertainlywasnotscanningtherowswithamagnifier.圖表中密密麻麻地排滿了三千多個(gè)國(guó)際專(zhuān)利分類(lèi)符號(hào)，他肯定不會(huì)拿著放大鏡一排排往下看。2AlthoughnoonehasyetsetfootonVesta,andnospacecrafthasbeennear,planetaryscientistshaveobtainedconclusiveevidenceduringthelastdecadethatcold,silentVestawasoncethesceneofvolcanicactivity.盡管從未有人登上過(guò)灶神星，也從未有過(guò)太空飛船靠近過(guò)灶神星，但是研究行星的科學(xué)工作者在最近十年中已經(jīng)獲得了可靠的證據(jù)證明寒冷而寧?kù)o的灶神星曾經(jīng)是火山活動(dòng)的場(chǎng)所。3Despitethelong-standingavailabilityofeffectiveantibiotics,particularlypenicillin,pnumococcaldiseasecontinuestotakeaheavydeathtoll,particularlyamongpeoplesufferingfromotherchronicdiseases.盡管有效的抗菌素特別是青霉素應(yīng)用已久，但肺炎球菌引起的疾病仍然造成大量死亡，尤其是對(duì)患有其他慢性病的人來(lái)說(shuō)更是如此。4Theresearchfounda12percentreductioninthepatients’bloodcholesterolfromalevelof349milligramsper100millilitersofblood.研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，病人的膽固醇含量從每100毫升血液含有349毫克下降了百分之十二。5WorkingatthefruitandvegetablechemistryLaboratoryinPasadena,Calif.,thescientistssprayedyoungguayuleplantswith5,000partpermillionofthehormonestimulator2-(3-4)dichloriphenoxy-triethylamine.在加利福尼亞州帕薩迪納的蔬果化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作的科學(xué)家們向銀膠菊植物幼苗噴灑濃度為百萬(wàn)分之5000的激素催長(zhǎng)劑2-(3-4)二氯苯氧基三乙胺。3.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.Environmentaltobaccosmoke(ETS)isamajorsourceofindoorairpollution.AmajorpointstressedinboththeSurgeonGeneral’sReportandtheNationalAcademyofScience’sReportisthatmethodsusedtodeterminetheexposureofthenonsmokingpopulationtoETSmustbeimproved.Inthisdissertation,asemi-realtimesystemformonitoringETSareproposedandcomparedwithothersystems.SeveralnewtracersforETSareproposed.ThegeneralizationanddecayofETSinanindoorenvironmentallaboratoryisstudied.Anewtechniqueforanalyzingmicrogramandsubmicrogramamountofnicotineandcotininebiologicalfluidsisdeveloped.AuniqueexposurestudytoETSistocarryoutwhereinnever-smokersareexposedtoETS.Muchevidencehasaccumulatedthatfineparticulatematterintheatmosphereaffectshumanhealthandatmosphericproperties.Tomonitorairborneparticles,itisnecessarytoseparatevariousparticlesizesintheatmosphereandtodeterminethechemicalcompositionsoftheparticles.Anewhighflowrate,multichannelparallelplatedenudersamplingsystemhasbeendevelopedwhichiscapableofdeterminingtheparticlesizedistributionsandthesemi-volatileorganiccompoundswhichcanbelostfromparticlesduringsampling.香煙造成的環(huán)境煙氣(ETS)足使室內(nèi)空污染的主要污染源。來(lái)自(美國(guó))軍醫(yī)局局長(zhǎng)報(bào)告和國(guó)家科學(xué)院的報(bào)告都著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一點(diǎn)：傳統(tǒng)的用以確定有多少非吸煙者受到ETS危害的方法必須加以改進(jìn)。本文提出了一種監(jiān)控ETS的半實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)并將該系統(tǒng)與其它系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了比較。作者建議使用一些新的跟蹤器對(duì)ETS進(jìn)行監(jiān)控并對(duì)ETS在室內(nèi)環(huán)境實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一般情況及衰減問(wèn)題作了研究。作者研制了一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)分析尼古丁和可鐵寧的生物液微克和亞微克量。并將對(duì)ETS進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)獨(dú)特的曝露研究，讓非吸煙者置于ETS環(huán)境進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)?，F(xiàn)今業(yè)已積累的大量證據(jù)表明，大氣層中的微粒影響人類(lèi)健康和大氣的性質(zhì)。為了監(jiān)控空中的微粒，很有必要將大氣層中各種微粒的大小分開(kāi)，并確定其化學(xué)成分。已研制出一種新的高流速率，多通道平行盤(pán)溶蝕器取樣系統(tǒng)，它能確定微粒大小的分布，以及在取樣期間從微粒失去的具有半揮發(fā)性的有機(jī)混合物。4.PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.在本《國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中，“文摘”一詞的意義是：對(duì)原文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確、扼要而不加解釋或評(píng)論的表述。無(wú)論作者是誰(shuí)，對(duì)此均不應(yīng)有所不同。一篇文摘應(yīng)該根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)的內(nèi)容與文體，使之具有盡可能多的報(bào)道性。也就是說(shuō)，文摘應(yīng)盡可能多的表達(dá)文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容中包含的定量或定性的信息。報(bào)道性文摘對(duì)于敘述實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和主題單一的文獻(xiàn)足較為理想的。但某些內(nèi)容龐雜或冗長(zhǎng)的文獻(xiàn)，例如泛述、綜述以及整篇或整集的專(zhuān)著，則允許備有一個(gè)僅僅起指示性、描述性指南作用的文摘。還有一種必不可少的融報(bào)道性與指示性于一體的綜合性文摘，這類(lèi)文摘適用于文摘長(zhǎng)度受限制，或因文獻(xiàn)類(lèi)型與文體的限制，而有必要對(duì)文獻(xiàn)的要點(diǎn)作報(bào)道性介紹的情況。Unit6ConferenceDocuments1.SampleAnalysis.Sample3:GeneralInformationStoufferCenterPlazaHotelOnly12-minutesfromWright-puttersonAirForceBase,you’llfredthepremierhotelofDayton,Ohio,StonfferCenterPlazaHotel.InthecenterofDayton’sdowntownbusinessdistrict,thishotelisaskywalkawayfromtheDaytonConventionCenterand1500-carparkingfacility.Alimousineservicecanbemadeavailableonrequestintheimmediatedowntownareatodriveyoutomeetings,shoppingexcursionsorentertainment.Theamenitiesassociatedwithstayingatthishotelincludesuchitemsascomplimentarycoffeeandnewspaper,whicharrivewithyourwake-upcall.PubliclimousineservicerunstoandfromDaytonInternationalAirport20minutesaway.Dayton’sAttractionsDayton.OhioisconsideredthebirthplaceofAviationwhennativeDaytoniansOrvilleandWiburWrightbegantestingtheirearlyaircrafthere.TodayfiveCommandunitsoftheUnitedStatesAh’ForcearelocatedatWright=PattersonAirForceBase.Thisbaseiscriticalhubwhich-has33,000employees,AdjacenttothebaseistheUnitedStatesAirForceMuseumwhichisinternationallyrecognizedustheworld’slargestandoldestmilitaryaviationmuseumwithl0I/2acresofexhibitsunderoneroof.Thisfineattractiondraws1.5millionvisitorsannuallyandincludesa600seatIMAXtheaterwhichwillaffordvisitorsarealisticviewofaviationandspaceflight.Admissionandparkingarefree.OtherfamousattractionsintheareaincludetheDaytonMuseumofNaturalHistory,theDaytonArtInstitute,thehostofothersiteswhicharesshortcabchivefromthehotel.ClimateandAttireTheaveragetemperatureinDaytonduringtheconferenceperiodis66degreesFwithdailyvariationofplusorminus12degreesFabouttheaverage.Lightclothingisrecommendedforalloutdooractivities.TransportationTheDaytonInternationalRentalcarscanbeobtainedattheairportorareavailablefromtheconferencehotel.Notes1.limousineservice客車(chē)服務(wù)(指車(chē)站機(jī)場(chǎng)等接送旅客的中客車(chē))2.airportlimo機(jī)場(chǎng)客車(chē),limo的復(fù)數(shù)為limos(=limousine)2.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.DearProfessorLiang,TheConferenceSteeringCommitteeispleasedtoinformyouthatyourabstractrifledabovehasbeenacceptedforpresentationattheASEE4thInternationalConferenceonEngineeringComputerGraphicsandDescriptiveGeometry,tobeheldinMiami,Florida,USA,June11~15,1990.Wehopeyouwillacceptourinvitationtoparticipate.Toassistwithprogramplanning,pleasecompleteandreturntheenclosedConfirmationandSpeakerInformationFormbyfaxbeforeDecember12,1989sothatwemayincludethecorrectinformationintheprogramandnotifyalternatesifnecessary.Pleasestartwritingyourpaper.Inaseparatepackage,youwillreceivetheinstructionsonthepreparationofmanuscripts.Youshouldbegettingthisinformationsometimeafterthefirstoftheyear.CompletedmanuscriptsaredueonMarch1,1990.

ThefinalprogramandregistrationinformationwillbesenttoyouinearlyMarch,1990.WelookforwardtoworkingwithyouandtohavingyouontheprogramattheMiamimeeting.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsatanytime,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeat(305)554-2824.Ourfaxnumberis(305)554-3582.Sincerely,OktayUral,Ph.D.P.E.ConferenceChairmanUnit7Reviews1.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.Thehistoryofcomputingbeganwithananalogmac