湖南省懷化市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

懷化市中小學(xué)課程改革教育質(zhì)量檢測試卷2023年下期期中考試高一英語注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號寫在答題卡和該試題卷的封面上，并認真核對條形碼上的姓名、準考證號和科目。2.考生作答時，選擇題和非選擇題均須做在答題卡上，在本試題卷上答題無效。考生在答題卡上按答題卡中注意事項的要求答題。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試題卷和答題卡一并交回。4.本試題卷共8頁，如缺頁，考生須聲明、否則后果自負。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.5.B.￡19.18.C.￡19.15.答案是C。1.WhatdidSarahintendtobuyyesterday?A.BabyfoodB.Fruit.C.Clothes.2.Whenwillthebustothecentregardenarrive?A.In20minutes.B.In15minutes.C.In5minutes.3.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Inamuseum.C.Inthecitysquare.4.Whywasthemanlate?A.Hehadacaraccident.B.Hewaswaitingforsomeone.C.Themotorwaywasshutdown5.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutlosingthephone?A.Hefeelsveryupset.B.Hedoesn’treallymind.C.Heisabitannoyed.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatcanclubmembersdo?A.MakesomefilmsB.Haveafreecitytour.C.Writesomenovels.7.Whatshouldthemanpayforbesidesthemembershipfee?ATheclubuniform.B.Thesocialparties.C.Aspecialcertificate.聽第7段材料.回答第8至10題。8.Whenshouldthewomanfinishherbookreview?A.BynextMondayB.BynextFriday.C.BythisSunday.9.Whydidthewomanfallbehindwithherwritingclass?A.BecauseshereadlotsofnovelsB.Becauseshewasbusywithperformances.C.Becauseshewasillforaweek10.Howistheman’scollegelife?A.ColorfulB.Boring.C.Busy.聽第8段材料.回答第11至13題。11.WhydoesSophierefusetouseherrealphotoonsocialmedia?A.Becausesheconcernsalotaboutprivacy(隱私).B.Becausesheisn’tconfidentaboutherappearance.C.Becauseshewantstobeknownforherwords.12.WhatwasSophie’scellphoneonlyusedtodoatfirst?A.PlaygamesB.Makeandreceivecalls.C.Drawpictures.13.WhatwillSophiedothisafternoon?A.GotoRobinson’slecture.B.Downloadsomenewapps.C.Changeherpicture.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhendidSarahstartcollege?A.Ayearago.B.Threemonthsago.C.Aweekago.15.WhydoesRickywanttomove?A.Hewantstomakefriendsofhisage.B.Hewantstoliveclosertothecollege.C.Hedoesn’tgetalongwiththehostfamily.16.WhatwillRickyprobablydonext?A.VisitateacherB.Hangoutwithfriends.C.GiveJohnaphonecall.17.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Goodfriends.B.Schoolmates.C.Roommates.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whathappenedtothenorthofthecity?A.Drought.B.Flood.C.Earthquake,19WhenwillchemicalsbeusedintheCreekCanyonneighborhood?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Atnight.20.Whoshouldgotothefloodreliefclinic?A.Theelderlyandthehabies.B.Thosewithemotionalproblems.C.Thosewhogetinjuredinfloodwater.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分.滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHereisalistoffourupingbookfestivals.Registrationiseitherjustopeningorhasn’tquiteopenedupyetandnotallofthefestivalshavefinalizedtheirattendeelists,butit’snevertooearlytoplanwhichonesyou’dliketoattend!THEIMAGINARIUMBOOKFESTIVALWashingtonD.C.TheImaginariumBookFestivalcelebratesallthingsfantasy.sciencefiction,paranormal(超自然的)andfantastical.Inadditiontoalecturewhereauthorswillansweryourquestions,you’llgettomeetandacquiresignedbooksfromyourfavoriteauthors.BOOKBONANZAGrapevine,TexasBookBonanza,startedbyColleenHooverandhersisters,isacelebrationofbooks.Itattractsahugelistofincredibleauthorattendees.WhatmakesBookBonanzastandoutisitscharitablefocus.Alltheinesaredonatedtocharitablecauses.NORTHTEXASTEENBOOKFESTIVALIrving,TexasTheNorthTexasTeenBookFestivalbringsauthorsandreaderstogethertocelebrateteenliteratureandinspirelifelongreaders.Theyhavenotannouncedtheirauthorattendeesyet,sincethedeadlineforsubmissionoftheauthorshasnotyetarrived.SAVANNAHBOOKFESTIVALSavannah,GeorgiaTheSavannahBookFestivalhostsnational,regional,andlocalauthorsforauthorpresentationsandbooksigningsatsevenplacesacrossthreehistoricsquaresindowntownSavannah.Buttheauthorlineuphasnotbeenshownyet.1.WhatcanpeopledoattheImaginariumBookFestival?A.Buybookssignedbyhosts. B.Givealectureaboutwritingnovels.C.Watchsciencefictionmovies. D.Askauthorssomequestions.2.WhatisspecialaboutBookBonanza?A.It’scelebratedbymanydirectors B.Itinvitesfewfamousauthors.C.Itfocusesoncharitywork. D.Itwasfoundedbytwosisters.3.Whatdothelasttwobookfestivalshaveinmon?A.Theyhaven’tpublishedthelistofauthors. B.Theyhaven’tdecidedontheplaceyet.C.Theyprovidethebooksigningservice D.Theycelebratetheyouthliterature.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個即將到來的書展?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章THEIMAGINARIUMBOOKFESTIVALWashingtonD.C.部分的“Inadditiontoalecturewhereauthorswillansweryourquestions,you’llgettomeetandacquiresignedbooksfromyourfavoriteauthors.(除了講座，作者會回答你的問題，你還可以見到并獲得你最喜歡的作家的簽名書。)”可知，在ImaginariumBookFestival這個書展上人們可以問問題。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BOOKBONANZAGrapevine,Texas部分的“WhatmakesBookBonanzastandoutisitscharitablefocus.Alltheinesaredonatedtocharitablecauses.(BookBonanza的突出之處在于它的慈善重點。所有收入都捐贈給慈善事業(yè)。)”可知，BookBonanza的特別之處在于它專注于慈善工作。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NORTHTEXASTEENBOOKFESTIVALIrving,Texas部分的“Theyhavenotannouncedtheirauthorattendeesyet,sincethedeadlineforsubmissionoftheauthorshasnotyetarrived.(他們還沒有宣布他們的作者參加者，因為作者提交的截止日期還沒有到。)”和最后一段“Buttheauthorlineuphasnotbeenshownyet.(但作者名單尚未公布。)”可知，最后兩個書展的共同之處在于它們沒有公布作者名單。故選A。BMartinKocher,aninternationalbusinessstudentattheUniversityofWisconsinEauClaire,hasalwaysbeeninterestedinexploringdifferentculturesandtraditionsinpreparationforaglobalcareer.Focusingonglobalmanagement,hewassupermotivated(激勵)todevelophiscareeraboutsustainabledevelopment.KocherissettograduateinMaywithamajorininternationalbusiness,expressinghisgratitudetotheuniversityfortraininghisinternationalambitions.Afterhepletedtheinternship(實習(xí))inAustralia,hetraveledtoasmallislandofLomboknearBali,Indonesia.AteacheratthelocalschooltoldKocherthattheEnglishlanguagecanempowerstudentsandallowthemtobridgetheculturalgapwithpeopleinotherpartsoftheworld,buttheschoollackedtheresources.Asaresult.whenKocherreturnedtoU’WEauClaire,hefoundedLanguage4LomboktoconnectEnglishlanguageresourcesfromChippewaValleyresidentswiththeIndonesianisland.BooksfrommunitybookdrivesareshippedabroadtohelpchildrenlearnEnglish.Hisnonprofitworkisnothiswholelife.Heisalsoapetitivediver,parttimerealestateagent,enthusiasticphotographerandwriter.Dr.KaishanKong,aprofessorofKochersaidheisarealjackofalltrades,andwasimpressedwithhisabilitytoconnectdifferentlanguageswhilemaintaininganincredibleenthusiasmforlearningthem.Havingbenefitedalotfromhisownexperiences,Kocherencouragesotherstotravelandventureinternationally,callingit“oneofthebestinvestmentsyoucanmakeinyourself.”4.WhydidKochertraveltomanyplaceswhenincollege?A.Toenrichhiseducationalexperience.B.Toknowmoreaboutglobalbusinesssituation.C.Toexploredifferenttouristattractions.D.Topreparehisfutureworkinaglobalenvironment.5.WhatmotivatedKochertocreateLanguage4Lombok?A.ThelackofEnglishresourcesinLombok. B.Theimportanceofmunication.C.Theknowledgegainedinhisinternship. D.Hisexperienceoffoundingorganizations.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“arealjackofalltrades”inParagraph4referto?A.Apersonwhohasagiftforlanguages. B.Apersonowninggreatpassion.C.Apersonwhoisgoodatalotoffields. D.Apersonfocusingonthecharity.7.Whatdoesthetextconvey?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Everythingestothosewhoprepare.C.It’snevertoooldtolearn. D.Curiousmindsneverfeelsatisfied.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。MartinKocher畢業(yè)于威斯康星大學(xué)，他到很多地方去旅行，為自己的全球職業(yè)生涯做準備，并成為了一個對多領(lǐng)域有所擅長的人?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MartinKocher,aninternationalbusinessstudentattheUniversityofWisconsinEauClaire,hasalwaysbeeninterestedinexploringdifferentculturesandtraditionsinpreparationforaglobalcareer.(MartinKocher是威斯康星大學(xué)EauClaire分校的國際商務(wù)學(xué)生，他一直對探索不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)感興趣，為全球職業(yè)生涯做準備。)”可知，Kocher在大學(xué)時去了很多地方的原因是為他未來的全球職業(yè)生涯做準備，故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AteacheratthelocalschooltoldKocherthattheEnglishlanguagecanempowerstudentsandallowthemtobridgetheculturalgapwithpeopleinotherpartsoftheworld,buttheschoollackedtheresources.(當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的一位老師告訴Kocher，英語可以增強學(xué)生的能力，使他們能夠彌合與世界其他地區(qū)的文化差距，但學(xué)校缺乏資源。)”以及第三段“Asaresult.whenKocherreturnedtoU’WEauClaire,hefoundedLanguage4LomboktoconnectEnglishlanguageresourcesfromChippewaValleyresidentswiththeIndonesianisland.(因此當(dāng)Kocher回到U'WEauClaire時，他創(chuàng)立了Language4Lombok，將齊帕瓦谷技術(shù)學(xué)院的英語資源與印尼島聯(lián)系起來。)”可知，是龍目島英語資源匱乏激發(fā)了Kocher創(chuàng)立Language4Lombok，故選A項。【6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Heisalsoapetitivediver,parttimerealestateagent,enthusiasticphotographerandwriter.(他還是一名有競爭力的潛水員、兼職房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人、熱情的攝影師和作家。)”可知，它是一個對多領(lǐng)域有所擅長的人，可推理出劃線詞指代的含義是“擅長很多領(lǐng)域的人”，故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MartinKocher,aninternationalbusinessstudentattheUniversityofWisconsinEauClaire,hasalwaysbeeninterestedinexploringdifferentculturesandtraditionsinpreparationforaglobalcareer.(MartinKocher是威斯康星大學(xué)EauClaire分校的國際商務(wù)學(xué)生，他一直對探索不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)感興趣，為全球職業(yè)生涯做準備。)”、第二段“Afterhepletedtheinternship(實習(xí))inAustralia,hetraveledtoasmallislandofLomboknearBali,Indonesia.(在澳大利亞完成實習(xí)后，他去了印度尼西亞巴厘島附近的一個叫龍目島的小島。)”、以及第四段“Heisalsoapetitivediver,parttimerealestateagent,enthusiasticphotographerandwriter.(他還是一名有競爭力的潛水員、兼職房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人、熱情的攝影師和作家。)”可知，本文講述了MartinKocher到很多地方去旅行，為自己的全球職業(yè)生涯做準備，并成為了一個對多領(lǐng)域有所擅長的人，可推理出本文要表達的是“成功留給有所準備的人”，故選B項。CTakinggoodcareofyourteethmaybelinkedtobetterbrainhealth,accordingtoastudypublishedintheJuly5,2023,onlineissueofNeurology.“Ourstudyfoundthatgum(牙齦)diseaseandtoothlosswerelinkedtobrainshrinkage(萎縮)inthehippocampus(海馬體),whichplaysaroleinmemoryandAlzheimer’sdisease,”saidstudyauthorSatoshiYamaguchi,Ph.D.ofTohokuUniversityinSendai,Japan.Thestudyinvolved172peoplewithoutmemoryproblems.Theiraverageagewas67.Participantshaddentalexamsandtookmemorytestsatthebeginningofthestudy.Theyalsohadbrainscanstomeasurethevolumeoftheirhippocampusatthebeginningofthestudy.Thiswasmeasuredagainfouryearslater.Foreachparticipant,researcherscountedthenumberofteethandcheckedfortheamountofgumdisease.Researchersfoundthatthenumberofteethandamountofgumdiseasewaslinkedtochangesinthelefthippocampusofthebrain.Forpeoplewithmildgumdiseasehavingfewerteethwasassociatedwithafasterrateofbrainshrinkage,whichisthesameforpeoplewithseveregumdiseasehavingmoreteeth.Afteradjustingforage,researchersfoundthatforpeoplewithmildgumdisease,theincreaseintherateofbrainshrinkageduetoonelesstoothwasequaltonearlyoneyearofbrainaging.Bycontrast,forpeoplewithseveregumdiseasetheincreaseinbrainshrinkageduetoonemoretoothwasequalto1.3yearsofbrainaging.“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofpreservingthehealthoftheteethandnotjustmaintainingtheteeth,”Yamaguchisaid.“Thefindingssuggestthatcontrollingtheprogressionofgumdiseasethroughregulardentalvisitsisimportant,andthatteethwithseveregumdiseasemayneedtoberemovedandreplacedwithappropnatefalseones.”Yamaguchisaidfuturestudiesareneededwithlargergroupsofpeople.ThelimitationofthestudyisthatitwasconductedinoneregionofJapan,sotheresultsmaynotbeappliedtootherlocations.8.WhatisYamaguchi’sstudymainlyabout?A.Thefunctionofthehippocampus.B.Waysoftakinggoodcareofone’steethC.TheharmandcausesofbrainshrinkageD.Theconnectionbetweendentalhealthandthebrain9.Howdidresearchersconductthestudy?A.Bycollectingandparingdata. B.ByreferringtopreviousstudiesC.Byconductingachemicalexperiment D.Bydoingresearchintodentists10.Whatdotheresearchfindingsindicate?A.GumdiseaseisincreasingamongpeopleB.Keepingteethhealthyisofgreatimportance.C.RemovingnaturalteethisbadfordentalhealthD.Doingaroutinedentalcheckupcanavoidgumdisease.11.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Atextbook.C.Anewspaper. D.Aguidebook.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。根據(jù)發(fā)表在2023年7月5日《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》在線期刊上的一項研究，好好照顧你的牙齒可能與更好的大腦健康有關(guān)。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ourstudyfoundthatgum(牙齦)diseaseandtoothlosswerelinkedtobrainshrinkage(萎縮)inthehippocampus(海馬體),whichplaysaroleinmemoryandAlzheimer’sdisease(我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，牙齦疾病和牙齒脫落與海馬體的大腦萎縮有關(guān)，海馬體在記憶和阿爾茨海默病中起著重要作用)”可知，Yamaguchi的研究主要是關(guān)于牙齒健康與大腦之間的聯(lián)系，故選D項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudyinvolved172peoplewithoutmemoryproblems.Theiraverageagewas67.Participantshaddentalexamsandtookmemorytestsatthebeginningofthestudy.Theyalsohadbrainscanstomeasurethevolumeoftheirhippocampusatthebeginningofthestudy.Thiswasmeasuredagainfouryearslater.Foreachparticipant,researcherscountedthenumberofteethandcheckedfortheamountofgumdisease.(這項研究涉及172名沒有記憶問題的人。他們的平均年齡是67歲。參與者在研究開始時進行了牙科檢查和記憶力測試。在研究開始時，他們還進行了腦部掃描，以測量海馬體的體積。四年后再次測量。研究人員統(tǒng)計了每個參與者的牙齒數(shù)量，并檢查了牙齦疾病的數(shù)量)”可知，研究人員通過收集并對比數(shù)據(jù)的方式開展研究，故選A項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofpreservingthehealthoftheteethandnotjustmaintainingtheteeth(這些結(jié)果突出了保護牙齒健康的重要性，而不僅僅是維護牙齒)”可知，研究結(jié)果表明保持牙齒健康非常重要，故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Takinggoodcareofyourteethmaybelinkedtobetterbrainhealth,accordingtoastudypublishedintheJuly5,2023,onlineissueofNeurology(根據(jù)發(fā)表在2023年7月5日《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》在線期刊上的一項研究，好好照顧你的牙齒可能與更好的大腦健康有關(guān)。)”、第三段“Researchersfoundthatthenumberofteethandamountofgumdiseasewaslinkedtochangesinthelefthippocampusofthebrain.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，牙齒的數(shù)量和牙齦疾病的程度與大腦左側(cè)海馬體的變化有關(guān))”以及第四段“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofpreservingthehealthoftheteethandnotjustmaintainingtheteeth(這些結(jié)果突出了保護牙齒健康的重要性，而不僅僅是維護牙齒)”可知，本文對一項研究成果進行了報道，符合新聞報道的體裁特征，所以本文最后可能取自報紙，故選C項。DScientistshavealreadyappliedrobotslikeRoombatoworkintheagriculture(農(nóng)業(yè)).ARoombaworksbecauseithaswheelsthatfunctionwellonflatground.However,fieldsarefullofroughandrockyenvironments,whichmeansitisdifficultforrobotstoworkinthefields.Luckily,scientiststhoughtofcentipedes(蜈蚣).Withtenstohundredsoflegs,theycanmoveonanyplaceswithoutstopping.Iftheystopmovingtheirbodypartsandfeet,theybasicallystopmovinginstantly.AteamledbyChongdevelopedatheorythatproposesthataddinglegpairstotherobotincreasesitsabilitytomovefirmlyoverchallengingenvironments.Totestthis,JuntaoconductedaseriesofexperimentswhereheandDanielSotobuiltmodelstosimulate(模擬)differentnaturalenvironments.Hethentestedtherobotbyincreasingitsnumberoflegsbytwoeachtime,startingwithsixandfinallyincreasingto16.Asthelegcountincreased,therobotcouldmoreeasilymoveacrossthesurfaces,evenwithoutsensors.Finally,theytestedtherobotoutdoorsonrealenvironments,whereitwasabletomoveinavarietyofenvironments.Theresearchersareapplyingtheirdiscoveriestofarming.Goldmanhascofoundedapanythatwantstousetheserobotstoweed(除草)farmlandwhereweedkillersareineffective.“It’strulyimpressivetoseethemultileggedroboteasilymovesonbothlabbasedandoutdoorenvironments,”Juntaosaid.“Nowwearedecidingthemostsuitablenumberoflegstoachievemotion.Inthefuture,wehopetoapplythemforspaceexploration,andevensearchandrescue.”12.WhatcanwelearnaboutRoomba?A.Itcanmoveonanyplaceswithoutstopping.B.Itcannotworkwellintheroughfarmlands.C.Itwasnewlyinventedandstillinitsearlyage.D.Itwasinspiredwhenscientistssawcentipedes13.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemultileggedrobot?A.Unpractical. B.Amusing. C.Ineffective. D.Promising.14.Whatcanweexpectofthemultileggedrobotinthefuture?A.Itwillreachconsumerssoon. B.Itwillincreasefarmproduction.C.Itwillbeusedinmanyotherfields. D.Itwilltaketheplaceofweedkillers.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CentipedesInspireMultileggedRobots’InventionB.ScientistsGetaHugeStepinStudyingCentipedesC.ScientistsSolvedChallengesinRobots’CreationD.MultileggedRobotsBroughtBenefitstoFarming【答案】12B13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員受啟發(fā)于蜈蚣而發(fā)明出了一種多足機器人，這種機器人可以在各種環(huán)境及地形中移動，未來有望廣泛應(yīng)用于多個領(lǐng)域?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ARoombaworksbecauseithaswheelsthatfunctionwellonflatground.However,fieldsarefullofroughandrockyenvironments,whichmeansitisdifficultforrobotstoworkinthefields.(Roomba之所以有效，是因為它的輪子在平地上運行良好。然而，田地里到處都是粗糙和巖石的環(huán)境，這意味著機器人很難在田地里工作)”可知，它在粗糙的農(nóng)田里不能很好地運行。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Asthelegcountincreased,therobotcouldmoreeasilymoveacrossthesurfaces,evenwithoutsensors.Finally,theytestedtherobotoutdoorsonrealenvironments,whereitwasabletomoveinavarietyofenvironments.(隨著腿部數(shù)量的增加，即使沒有傳感器，機器人也能更容易地在地面上移動。最后，他們在室外的真實環(huán)境中測試了機器人，在那里它能夠在各種環(huán)境中移動)”可推知，多足機器人是有前景的。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inthefuture,wehopetoapplythemforspaceexploration,andevensearchandrescue.(在未來，我們希望將它們應(yīng)用于太空探索，甚至是搜救)”可推知，它會被應(yīng)用于許多其他領(lǐng)域。故選C。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。本文首先第一段介紹了研究多組機器人的原因及其靈感來源，第二、三段介紹了研究多足機器人的具體過程以及研究成果，第四段介紹了多足機器人目前在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的應(yīng)用，以及對其未來發(fā)展的期望。由此可知，A項“蜈蚣啟發(fā)了多足機器人的發(fā)明”可以概括本文主旨，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Savingtheenvironmentmightseemlikeadifficultthing.Butlivinganenvironmentallyfriendlylifeisquiteeasy.Withjustafewsmalllifestylechanges,youcanprotecttheplanetandalsoliveahealthierlifeforyourself!___16___Cutbackondriving.Findotherformsoftransportationthatconsumelessornopetrol.___17___Theywon’tcauseanypollutionorconsumenaturalresources.Ifthatisn’tachoice,considersharingwithothersorusingpublictransportation.Replacingcartripswithpublictransportreducestrafficjamsandtheoverallamountofpetrol,cuttingbackyourcarbonfootprint.Volunteertocleanupyourmunity.Volunteerworkhasadirectlypositiveimpactontheenvironmentinyourarea.Youcanvolunteertopickuplitter,plantmunitygardensorcleanuprivers.Findanactivitythatsuitsyourinterestsandsetasidetimetohelpregularly.___18___Ifyouprefertobepartofagroup,volunteerwithfriends,yourclassoranyoneelse.Upcycleitems.___19___Insteadofthrowingthingsaway,givethemanotherpurposebymakingjewelry,householdaccessoriesorrestyledclothing.Upcyclingisfunandgoodfortheearth.Forexample,youcouldturnanoldTshirtintoagrocerybagorusecinderblocks(煤渣磚)tomakeoutdoorplanters.Experimentandlookfornewwaystoadaptusedobjects___20___Somechemicalshaveharmfullongtermeffectsontheenvironment.Choosechemicalfreeproducts,plusallnaturalhouseholdcleaners,beautyandhygieneproducts.Thefewerchemicalsyouuse,thehealthiertheenvironmentwillbe.Plus,naturalandchemicalfreeproductsarealsogoodforyou!A.Keeprecycleditemsproperly.B.Usefewerchemicalsinyourdailylife.C.Walkorrideabikewheneverpossible.D.Herearesometipsthatmaybeofgreathelp.E.Considerinvestinginanelectricorhybrid(混合動力)vehicle.F.Youcanjoinanenvironmentalorganizationthatattractsyou,too.G.Creativelyrepurposeunwanteditemstoputlesstrashintotheworld.【答案】16.D17.C18.F19.G20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。拯救環(huán)境似乎是一件困難的事情。只要稍微改變一下生活方式，你就可以在保護地球的同時，過上更健康的生活！本文對具體的做法提出了幾個建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Withjustafewsmalllifestylechanges,youcanprotecttheplanetandalsoliveahealthierlifeforyourself!(只要稍微改變一下生活方式，你就可以在保護地球的同時，過上更健康的生活！)”以及下文“Cutbackondriving(減少駕駛)”可知，此處講的是改變生活方式，在保護地球的同時過上健康的生活，下文直接給出了建議，可知空白處為過渡句，應(yīng)選擇表示“以下是一些有幫助的建議”含義的表達，與D項“Herearesometipsthatmaybeofgreathelp.(以下是一些可能有很大幫助的建議)”表達的含義一致，故選D項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Theywon’tcauseanypollutionorconsumenaturalresources.(它們不會造成任何污染或消耗自然資源)”可知上文說的是要選擇不會造成任何污染或消耗自然資源的交通方式，與C項“Walkorrideabikewheneverpossible(盡可能步行或騎自行車)”表達的含義一致，故選C項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifyouprefertobepartofagroup,volunteerwithfriends,yourclassoranyoneelse.(如果你想成為一個團體的一員，可以和朋友、你的班級或其他任何人一起做志愿者。)”可推理出上文給的建議是加入一個環(huán)保團隊或組織，與F項“Youcanjoinanenvironmentalorganizationthatattractsyou,too.(你也可以加入一個吸引你的環(huán)保組織)”表達的含義一致，故選F項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Insteadofthrowingthingsaway,givethemanotherpurposebymakingjewelry,householdaccessoriesorrestyledclothing.(與其把東西扔掉，不如通過制作珠寶、家居飾品或重新設(shè)計服裝來給它們另一個用途。)”可知，此處上下文說的是要創(chuàng)造性地調(diào)整不需要的物品的用途，減少垃圾，與G項“Creativelyrepurposeunwanteditemstoputlesstrashintotheworld.(創(chuàng)造性地重新調(diào)整不需要的物品的用途，以減少世界上的垃圾)”表達的含義一致，故選G項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Somechemicalshaveharmfullongtermeffectsontheenvironment.Choosechemicalfreeproducts,plusallnaturalhouseholdcleaners,beautyandhygieneproducts.(有些化學(xué)物質(zhì)對環(huán)境有長期的有害影響。選擇不含化學(xué)物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品，以及所有天然的家用清潔劑、美容和衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品。)”可知此處上下文說的是要減少使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)，與B項“Usefewerchemicalsinyourdailylife(在日常生活中減少使用化學(xué)物質(zhì))”表達的含義一致，故選B項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Mikelickedthelastofthechocolateicecream.Hejumpedintothecarwithhisparentsand___21___offtotheOlympicsizedpoolforthebigswimmeet.Whenhisracecameup,Mikewasconfident.Hewasstrongandswift.Hewonfirstplace,makinghimthe___22___boyinhisagegroup.Aweeklater,itwastimeforanotherswimmeet.Mikerememberedthatthelasttimehehadwonaracehealsoate___23___icecreamfirst.Mikedecidedtoenjoyhisfavoriteicecreamflavor.Maybehe’dwinagain.___24___,hewasright.SoMikedecidedtohaveicecream___25___everyoneofthenextfewswimmeets.Hebegantothinkofitashisluckycharm.Afterseveral___26___ofwinningthetoppositionsofeveryraceheswam,Mikewasfeeling___27___.Hewouldn’tadmitit,butallthaticecreamwas___28___afewpoundstohisathleticswimmer’sbuild.Itdidn’ttakelongafterthatforMiketostartinginsecondplace,andthenthird,andthenlastplaceinhisraces.Theluckyicecreamhadlostits___29___.Hisfatherofferedtogo____30____withhimafewdaysaweektohelphimfeelbetterandstrengthenhismuscles.Theextra____31____soondisappeared,andMikefoundhimselfbreathingeasieratswimpractices.Inthenextswimmeet,Mike____32____again.Hisparentscameupandgavehimahighfive,grinning(咧嘴笑)fromeartoear.“Hey,whynottryyourfavoriteicecreamandcelebrate!”saidhisfather,____33____himontheshoulder.“Thanks,Dad,butIhave____34____theicecream.It’snotsuchaluckycharmatall.”Hiseyesshonewithwisdom.ItwasthatdaythatMikerealizedthatone’sluckycharmwasnothingbuthis____35____.21.A.took B.headed C.walked D.fell22.A.smartest B.tallest C.fastest D.fattest23.A.chocolate B.strawberry C.milk D.pineapple24.A.Seemingly B.Eventually C.Accidentally D.Gradually25.A.after B.during C.in D.before26.A.minutes B.months C.hours D.seconds27.A.unbearable B.unimaginable C.unbeatable D.unhappy28.A.adding B.losing C.lending D.carrying29.A.flavour B.sweetness C.value D.magic30.A.shopping B.running C.fishing D.boating31.A.weight B.muscles C.fear D.beauty32.A.swam B.ran C.lost D.won33.A.hitting B.licking C.patting D.seizing34.A.gottiredof B.givenup C.falleninlovewith D.calledoff35.A.icecream B.wisdom C.parents D.diligence【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.D26.B27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了邁克認為自己游泳比賽獲勝的原因是每次賽前吃冰淇淋，所以堅持每次賽前都吃，但是游泳成績逐漸退步。當(dāng)父親陪著他鍛煉身體后，邁克再次獲勝。他意識到一個人的幸運符不過是他的勤奮?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他和父母一起跳上車，前往奧運會規(guī)模的游泳池參加大型游泳比賽。A.took帶；B.headed前往；C.walked走；D.fell落下。根據(jù)下文“theOlympicsizedpoolforthebigswimmeet(奧運會規(guī)模的游泳池參加大型游泳比賽)”可知下文說的是作者和父母去的地方，空白處應(yīng)填表示“前往”含義的動詞，故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他獲得了第一名，成為同年齡組游得最快的男孩。A.smartest最聰明的；B.tallest最高的；C.fastest最快的；D.fattest最胖的。根據(jù)上文“Hewonfirstplace(他獲得了第一名)”可知他的速度是同年齡組最快的，故選C項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：邁克記得上一次贏得比賽時，他也先吃了巧克力冰淇淋。A.chocolate巧克力；B.strawberry草莓；C.milk牛奶；D.pineapple菠蘿。根據(jù)上文“Mikelickedthelastofthechocolateicecream(邁克舔了最后一塊巧克力冰淇淋)”可知上一次邁克吃的是巧克力冰淇淋，故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：看來他是對的。A.Seemingly表面上看；B.Eventually最終；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Gradually逐漸地。根據(jù)上文“Mikedecidedtoenjoyhisfavoriteicecreamflavor.Maybehe’dwinagain.(邁克決定享用他最喜歡的冰淇淋口味。也許他會再次獲勝。)”以及下文“Hebegantothinkofitashisluckycharm(他開始認為這是他的幸運符)”可知，邁克賽前吃了巧克力冰淇淋并獲勝，誤以為是冰淇淋的功勞，而實際上不是，空白處應(yīng)填表示“從表面上看；貌似”含義的副詞，故選A項。【25題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，邁克決定在接下來的幾場游泳比賽之前吃冰淇淋。A.after之后；B.during在……期間；C.in在……里；D.before在……之前。根據(jù)上文“Mikerememberedthatthelasttimehehadwonaracehealsoatechocolateicecreamfirst.Mikedecidedtoenjoyhisfavoriteicecreamflavor.Maybehe’dwinagain.(邁克記得上一次贏得比賽時，他也先吃了巧克力冰淇淋。邁克決定享用他最喜歡的冰淇淋口味。也許他會再次獲勝。)”可知，邁克之前是在賽前吃巧克力冰淇淋，并認為這是他的幸運符，可推理出邁克決定在每次賽前吃巧克力冰淇淋，故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過了幾個月在每一場比賽中都贏得了冠軍以后，他感到自己不可戰(zhàn)勝。A.minutes分鐘；B.months月；C.hours小時；D.seconds秒。根據(jù)上文“Aweeklater,itwastimeforanotherswimmeet.(一周后，又到了游泳比賽的時間了。)”可知兩次比賽之間間隔一周，可推理出幾場比賽要經(jīng)過幾個月的時間，故選B項。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.unbearable不堪忍受的；B.unimaginable難以想象的；C.unbeatable打不垮的；D.unhappy不高興的。根據(jù)上文“winningthetoppositionsofeveryraceheswam(在每一場比賽中都贏得了冠軍)”可推理出邁克感覺到自己不可戰(zhàn)勝，故選C項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他不承認，但他吃的那些冰淇淋讓他游泳運動員的身材增加了幾磅體重。A.adding增加；B.losing丟失；C.lending借；D.carrying搬運。根據(jù)下文“afewpoundstohisathleticswimmer’sbuild(讓他游泳運動員的身材……了幾磅)”以及“Itdidn’ttakelongafterthatforMiketostartinginsecondplace,andthenthird,andthenlastplaceinhisraces.(沒過多久，邁克就開始在比賽中獲得第二名、第三名和最后一名。)”可知，吃冰淇淋對邁克的游泳成績產(chǎn)生了不利影響，可推理出吃冰淇淋增加了邁克的體重，故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的冰淇淋失去了魔力。A.flavour風(fēng)味；B.sweetness甜蜜；C.value價值；D.magic魔力。根據(jù)上文“Hebegantothinkofitashisluckycharm(他開始認為這是他的幸運符)”以及“Itdidn’ttakelongafterthatforMiketostartinginsecondplace,andthenthird,andthenlastplaceinhisraces.(沒過多久，邁克就開始在比賽中獲得第二名、第三名和最后一名。)”可知，邁克的幸運符失去了魔力，故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他的父親提出每周和他一起跑步幾天，幫助他感覺更好，增強肌肉。A.shopping購物；B.running跑步；C.fishing釣魚