2021新高考英語重難題型考前押題卷 （三）江蘇專用 解析版

2021年新高考押題卷（三）英語試卷江蘇專用解析版

考試時(shí)間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Herearesomeappsyoumayfinduseful.

Mirror

Itislikehavingapersonaltrainerinyourhomewithyou.Thesupersmartscreenisdesigned

tolooklikeafull——lengthmirror.Itoffersmorethan20typesofworkoutswithclassesranging

from15to60minutesandbeginnertoexpertlevels.Mirrorrequiresspecialequipmentthatis

separatefromthepriceofamembership.

Peloton

Eventhosewhodon'tlikeexerciseknowwhatPelotonis.WorkoutsavailableonthePeloton

appgofarpastbiking.ButwithsomanyPelotondie—hardspraisingtheappasoneofthebest

cardio（有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)）workoutsoutthere,thecyclingaspectdeservesaspotlight.Pelotonis

community——basedandoffersthechancetobikewithothermembers.Classesarefuntofollow

along,ledbyfamousinstructors.

Fitbod

Itbuildscustomworkoutsbasedonyourstrength-trainingability,pastworkouts,and

availablegymequipment.Eachdayyougetapersonalizedfitnessplantohelpyougetstronger.It

isitsadvantagethatattractsmanydie——hardfans.Fitbodworkoutsfocusonallyourmuscle

groupsintheclasses.Fitbodisfreetotry,butifyouwanttounlocktheunlimitedworkouts,you

havetopay.

Tonal

Itisdesignedforpeoplewholiketherangeofmachinesatthegym,butdonftlikesharing

them.Itbringsthewholegymsetuphome,butit'snotcheap.Accessories（配件）likehandlesanda

bencharesoldseparately.Insteadoftakingupabunchofspaceinyourgarageorbasement,Tonal

provideseverythingincludingfitnessclassesinatouch—screendisplay.

1.Whichappisbestforcyclists?

A.Fitbod.B.Tonal.C.Mirror.D.Peloton.

2.WhatisspecialaboutFitbod?

A.Itoffersdailyworkoutplan.

B.Itcanbeusedforfreeforever.

C.Ithasofflinepersonaltrainers.

D.Itcentersonweightlossprograms.

3.Whatdothefourappshaveincommon?

A.Theyrequirecustomerstoregister.

B.Theysellrelevantequipment.

C.Theygivefitnessclassesonline.

D.Theycanbeusedwhileworking.

【答案】DAC

【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四款健身軟件。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Peloton”部分第二句"ButwithsomanyPelotondie——hardspraisingtheapp

asoneofthebestcardio（有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)）workoutsoutthere,thecyclingaspectdeservesaspotlight.^^

（但是，有那么多的鐵桿粉絲稱贊這款應(yīng)用是最好的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)之一，因此騎行方面值得關(guān)注。）

可知，對(duì)于騎行的人來說Pelolon是最好的應(yīng)用。故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fitbod”部分第二句“Eachdayyougetapersonalizedfitnessplantohelp

yougetstronger79（每天你都會(huì)得到一個(gè)個(gè)性化的健身計(jì)劃來幫助你變得更強(qiáng)壯。）可知，

Fi由od的特殊之處在于它提供每日健身計(jì)劃。故選A。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Miiror”部分第三句"Itoffersmorethan20typesofworkoutswithclasses

rangingfrom15to60minutesandbeginnertoexpertlevels.”（它提供20多種類型的鍛煉，課

程從15分鐘到60分鐘不等，初學(xué)者到專家水平。）,“Peloton”部分最后一句“Classesarefunto

followalong,ledbyfamousinstructors.^^（在著名導(dǎo)師的帶領(lǐng)下，跟隨課程是很有趣的。），

“Fitbod”部分倒第二句"Fitbodworkoutsfocusonallyourmusclegroupsintheclasses.**（Fitbod

健身在課堂上的集中在所有肌肉群。）和“Tonal”部分最后一句“Insteadoftakingupabunchof

spaceinyourgarageorbasement,Tonalprovideseverythingincludingfitnessclassesina

touch-screendisplay."（與在你的車庫或地下室占用大量空間不同，tone在觸摸屏上提供包

括健身課程在內(nèi)的一切服務(wù)。）可知，這四款應(yīng)用都提供線上健身課程。故選C。

Wheniscleaningwallsacrime?Whenyou'redoingittocreateart,obviously.Anumberof

streetartistsaroundtheworldhavestartedexpressingthemselvesthroughapracticeknownas

reversegraffiti（涂鴉）.Theyfinddirtysurfacesandpaintthemwithimagesormessagesusing

cleaningbrushesorpressurehoses（高壓水管）.Eitherway,it'sthesameprinciple:theimageis

madebycleaningawaythedirt.Eachartisthastheirownindividualstylebutallartistssharea

commonaim:todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities.

TheUK'sPaulCurtis,betterknownasMoose,operatesaroundLeedsandLondonandhas

beenappointedbyanumberofcompaniestomakereversegraffitiadvertisements.Brazilianartist,

AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo'stransporttunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin

2006bygettingridofthedirt.Madeupofseriesofwhiteskulls（顱骨），thepaintingreminds

driversoftheeffecttheirpollutionishavingontheplanet."Everymotoristsitsinthecomfortof

theircar,buttheydon'tgiveanyconsiderationtothepricetheircomforthasfbrtheenvironment

andconsequentlyfbrthemselves,saysOrion.

Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegraffitiartistsconfusescityauthoritiessincethe

mainargumentagainstgraffitiisthatitspoilstheappearanceofbothtypesofproperty:publicand

private.ThiswaswhatLeedsCityCouncilsaidaboutMoose'swork:"Leedsresidentswanttolive

incleanandattractiveneighborhoods.Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamage

andwilltakestrongactionagainstit."Moosewasorderedto“cleanuphisact."Howwashe

supposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?

AsfbrtheBrazilianartisfswork,theauthoritieswereannoyedbutcouldfindnothingto

chargehimwith.Theyhadnootheroptionbuttocleanthetunnel-butonlythepartsAlexandre

hadalreadycleaned.Theartistmerelycontinuedhiscampaignontheotherside.Thecityofficials

thendecidedtotakefurtheraction.TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSao

Paulo.

4.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutreversegraffiti?

A.Itusespainttocreateanti-pollutionimages.

B.Itcreatesalotoftroubleforlocalresidents.

C.Itcauseslotsofdistractiontodrivers.

D.Itturnsdirtywallsintoartisticworks.

5.WhatdowelearnaboutBrazilianartistAlexandreOrion?

A.Hewasgoodatpaintingwhiteskulls.

B.Hechosetunnelstodohisgraffitiart.

C.Hesuggestedbanningallpollutingcars.

D.Hewasfondofdoingcreativeartworks.

6.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutLeedsCityCounciPsdecision?

A.Itissimplyabsurd.B.Itiswell-informed.

C.Itisratherunexpected.D.Itisquitesensible.

7.HowdidSaoPaulocityofficialshandleAlexandreOrion'sreversegraffiti?

A.TheymadehimcleanallthetunnelsinSaoPaulo.

B.Theytookfurtheractiontobanallreversegraffiti.

C.Theychargedhimwithpollutingtunnelsinthecity.

D.Theymadeitimpossibleforhimtopracticehisart.

【答案】ABAD

【分析】這是一篇議論文。本文主要討論涂鴉是否犯罪，講述在涂鴉方面藝術(shù)家們和政府之

間的矛盾：藝術(shù)家們?yōu)榱撕粲醐h(huán)保而涂鴉，而政府因?yàn)楸Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境禁止涂鴉。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities（關(guān)注我們城市的污

染）”及第三段"Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegrafhli（反污染意義的涂鴉）''可知，藝術(shù)

家們涂鴉是為了創(chuàng)造反污染的概念。故選A項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Brazilianartist,AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo'stransport

tunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin2006bygettingridofthedirt.（在2006年，巴西藝術(shù)家

AlexandreOrion把SaoPaulo的交通隧道變成令人驚奇的涂鴉墻，使交通隧道擺脫塵土）“可

知，AlexandreOrion在交通隧道里涂鴉。故選B項(xiàng)。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamageandwill

takestrongactionagainstit.（我們認(rèn)為這種廣告會(huì)破壞環(huán)境，所以要強(qiáng)力反對(duì)）”及“Moosewas

orderedto“cleanuphisact.”（Moose被命令“改過自新"）”可知，前文講述藝術(shù)家為了呼吁環(huán)保

而涂鴉，但是當(dāng)局卻認(rèn)為涂鴉是污染環(huán)境的行為，禁止藝術(shù)家涂鴉。再根據(jù)"Howwashe

supposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?（該怎么做呢？要把他所

有干凈的杰作再弄臟嗎？戶可推知，作者提出這樣的問題是為了表達(dá)對(duì)當(dāng)局做法的否定。故

選A項(xiàng)。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)笫四段“TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSao

Paulo.（他們不僅要清除這個(gè)隧道的涂鴉，還有Sa。Paulo里的每一個(gè)隧道）”可推知，圣保羅

市的官員們讓亞歷山大?奧利翁的涂鴉成為不可能。故選D項(xiàng)。

C

Theideaofbillionsofpeoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthispandemic

definitelyringsalarmbells,butateamofresearchersinMelbournemayhavethesolution.

They'vediscoveredthataddingmillionsofdiscardedfacemaskstoroad-paving（鋪路）

mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventingbillionsofthemfrom

landfills.Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,andthepolypropylene（聚丙

烯）plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalsoincreasedtheflexibilityanddurability

oftheroad.

Thenewmaterialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcreteaggregate

（RCA）—amaterialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.

Thisrecycledmaterialwasfoundinthestudytobeidealfortwoofthefourlayersgenerally

requiredtocreateroadways.Pavingakilometeroftwo-wayroadwiththeRCAandthreemillion

facemaskswouldresultinachangeof93tonsofwastefromlandfills.

Thefinalproductthenismoreresistanttowearthanasphalt（瀝青）,aswellasbeingcheaper

too,providedtherewasamethodforcollectingmasks.Theresearchteamdidacost-analysisand

foundthat,at$26perton,theRCAwasabouthalfthecostofminingrawmaterials,andasmuch

asathirdofthecostofshippingtheusedmaskstoalandfill.

Thewidespreadapplicationwouldbeidealforlargeinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）projects.For

example,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintermsofunaddressedrepairsintheU.S.Ifthe

damagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththeRCA/maskmixture,itwouldreuse

nearly10billionmasks,sparingAmericanlandfillshundredsofmillionsoftonsoftrash.

It'ssaidthattheteamislookingforprivateindustrypartnersorgovernmentswillingtogive

theirplasticmaskroadanopportunityforalarge-scaletest.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”meaninparagraph2?

A.Recycled.B.Produced.

C.Mixed.D.Abandoned.

9.Whatisthenewmaterialusedtopavewaysmadeof?

A.2%tornmasks,concreteandtonsoftrash.

B.Polypropyleneplasticandbuildingmaterials.

C.Single-usesurgicalmasksandrecycledconcreteaggregate.

D.Wasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.

10.Whyarenumbersmentionedinparagraph5?

A.Totelluswhattheteamhasfound.

B.Toprovethismaterialiscost-effectiveinpavingroads.

C.Toexplainrepairingroadscostsalotofmaterials.

D.Topraisethehardworktheteamhasdone.

11.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Thematerialusedtopaveroadsismadeofmasks.

B.Generallyspeaking,itrequirestwolayerstocreateroadways.

C.Itremainstobetestedwhetherthesolutionispractical.

D.ThedamagedroadsinWashingtonwererepairedwiththeRCA.

【答案】DCBC

【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了疫情大流行期間每周有大量的口罩被扔掉，墨

爾本的一組研究人員計(jì)劃將人們用過的廢棄口罩添加到鋪路的混合材料中去，不過該解決方

案是否可行還有待測(cè)試。

8.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)戈線詞所在的句子“They'vediscoveredthataddingmillionsofface

maskstoroad-paving（鋪路）mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventing

billionsofthemfromlandfills.“可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將數(shù)百萬個(gè)口罩添加到鋪路混合料中，實(shí)際

上可以降低道路成本，同時(shí)防止數(shù)十億個(gè)口罩被填埋。根據(jù)第一段的“Theideaofbillionsof

peoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthispandemicdefinitelyringsalarmbells,buta

teamofresearchersinMelbournemayhavethesolution.“可知，疫情大流行期間每周有數(shù)十億

人戴著口罩的想法肯定會(huì)敲響警鐘，但墨爾本的一組研究人員可能有解決方案。將上下文結(jié)

合起來可知，解決方案是將人們用過的廢棄口罩添加到鋪路的混合材料中去。由此可知，劃

線單詞意為“被遺棄的"。故選D。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,and

thepolypropylene（聚丙烯）plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalsoincreasedthe

flexibilityanddurabilityoftheroad.“可知，僅一公里的道路就需要300萬個(gè)口罩，而用于制

造一次性手術(shù)口罩的聚丙烯塑料也提高了道路的柔韌性和耐用性。再根據(jù)第三段的“Thenew

materialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcreteaggregate(RCA)—a

materialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.”可知，這種新

材料是約2%破損口罩與再生混凝土骨料(RCA)的混合物，后者是從廢棄混凝土和被毀建

筑物中的其他礦物中獲得的。由此可知，鋪路用的新材料是一次性使用口罩和再生混凝土骨

料組成的。故選C。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“Forexample,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintennsof

unaddressedrepairsintheU.S.IfthedamagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththe

RCA/maskmixture,itwouldreusenearly1()billionmasks,sparingAmericanlandfillshundreds

ofmillionsoftonsoftrash.”可知，例如，就美國未解決的維修而言，華盛頓的道路是美國第

11糟糕的。如果使用再生混凝土骨料(RCA)和口罩的混合物來修復(fù)華盛頓州受損的道路，

它將重復(fù)使用近100億個(gè)口罩,從而使美國的垃圾掩埋場減少數(shù)億噸的垃圾填埋。由此可知，

第5段中提到的數(shù)字是為證明這種材料在鋪路時(shí)具有成本效益。故選Bo

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"It'ssaidthattheteamislookingforprivateindustrypartners

orgovernmentswillingtogivetheirplasticmaskroadanopportunityforalarge-scaletest.“可知，

據(jù)說，該團(tuán)隊(duì)正在尋找愿意為其塑料口罩道路提供大規(guī)模測(cè)試機(jī)會(huì)的私營行業(yè)合作伙伴或政

府。由此可知，該解決方案是否可行還有待測(cè)試。故選C。

D

Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentaland

healthproblemintheGlobalSouth'slandfillsifes(垃圾填埋場).

Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissetto

increaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.Theyend

upinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-waste

dumpintheworld,where10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspart

ofaninformalrecyclingprocess.Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatare

foundinabandonedsmartphones.

ButAgbogbloshielegallyshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimsto

preventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.The

e-wasteindustry,however,circumventsregulationbyexportinge-wastelabelledas"secondhand

goods“topoorcountrieslikeGhana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.

ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisis

notsurprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslike(水銀),leadandevenarsenic^).

Reportedly,oneeggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemical

whichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat'sabout220timesgreater

thanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonous

chemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,since

someofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.

Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers9waste.For

example,Germanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainablerecyclingsystemat

Agbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvethe

problemalone,asthereisanalmostlimitlessconsumerdemandforhardware,especiallywhen

govemments,greenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.

Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossible

solutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingof

hardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.

12.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Electronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsites.

B.Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.

C.Electronicproductsneedtobeimprovedimmediately.

D.ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumvents“inParagraph3mean?

A.Relaxes.B.Abolishes.C.Avoids.D.Tightens.

14.Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?

A.TheviolationofEFSA'sstandards.B.Thethreatofpollutedfoodworldwide.

C.ThelackofdiversityinGhana'sexports.D.Thedamagetochicken'simmunesystem.

15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?

A.Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility.

B.Reducingcustomers?demandsforelectronicproducts.

C.Governmentsadjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.

D.Manufacturers?developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.

【答案】DCBD

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了電子垃圾雖被掩埋在欠發(fā)達(dá)國家，但已成為危害全人

類的公敵，因此政府和制造商都應(yīng)該作出努力來減少電子垃圾污染。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Electronicwaste（e-waste）currentlytakesup5percentofallglobal

waste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopand

powerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.

（目前，電子垃圾占全球垃圾總量的5%,而且隨著越來越多的人擁有不止一臺(tái)智能手機(jī)、筆

記本電腦和移動(dòng)電源，這?比例還將迅速上升。它們最終在加納首都阿克拉郊區(qū)的

Agbogbloshie等地落腳）“可推知，隨著電子垃圾的快速增長，Agbogbloshie地區(qū)的電子污染

是一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問題。故選D。

13.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的句子“TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstoprevent

developednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries/1989年簽

署的《巴塞爾公約》旨在防止發(fā)達(dá)國家未經(jīng)授權(quán)向欠發(fā)達(dá)國家傾倒電子垃圾）”可知?jiǎng)澗€詞所

在的句子意思是發(fā)達(dá)國家打著向發(fā)展中國家出口“二手物品''的幌子將電子垃圾轉(zhuǎn)移到發(fā)展

中國家來避開《巴塞爾公約》的規(guī)定，可推知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思為“避開、躲避A.Relaxes放

松：B.Abolishes.廢除;C.Avoids.避免、躲避：D.Tightens.拉緊。故選C。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethe

broadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsare

cocoaandnuts（最令人擔(dān)憂的是，這些有毒的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以隨意污染更廣闊的土壤和水系統(tǒng)。

這應(yīng)該引起我們所有人的關(guān)注，因?yàn)榧蛹{的一些主要出口產(chǎn)品是可可和堅(jiān)果）”可知，加納

大量對(duì)外出口可可和堅(jiān)果，所以全球范圍內(nèi)都會(huì)受到被污染食物的威脅。故選B。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomically

sustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturersto

maketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.（只有制造商

才能解決這個(gè)問題。一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上更可持續(xù)、政治上更可行的解決方案是，鼓勵(lì)硬件制造商使

硬件的維修、再利用和回收變得有利可圖，或者至少不影響成本）”可知，作者認(rèn)為解決電子

垃圾問題的關(guān)鍵在于硬件生產(chǎn)商，他們應(yīng)該遵守可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則，生產(chǎn)便于維修、可回收

利用的電子產(chǎn)品。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

AlfredNobelRestsinPeace

PeoplelikeMartinLutherKingJr.,NelsonMandela,andMotherTeresahavebecome

famousallaroundtheworld.16.TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.Butnoneof

themwouldhavereceivedtherecognitionitbringshaditnotbeenforoneSwedishman,Alfred

Nobel.

WhenAlfredjoinedtheNobelfamilycompany,ithadbeendevelopingexplosivesformany

years.HisfatherhadstartedthefamilyfortunebyworkingfortheRussianarmytoproduce

landminesandseamines.Butthefamilymadeevenmoremoneybymanufacturingnitroglycerine,

whichwasaverydangerousexplosive.

OnedayAlfredarrivedhometofindhis20-year-oldbrotherEmilhadbeenkilledina

nitroglycerineexplosion.17.Theresultwasdynamite（甘》由炸藥），whichbecameanimmediate

successallovertheworld.

AlfredNobelalwayswanteddynamitetobeusedforpeacefulmeans.Unfortunately,when

theFirstWorldWarended,dynamitehadbeenusedtotakeawaythelivesofthousandsofyoung

men.18.Toseehisinventionbeingusedinthiswaymadehimverysad.

SometimelaterAlfred'solderbrotherLudwigdied.Onenewspaperaccidentallyprinted

Alfred'sobituaryinsteadofhisbrother's.ItdescribedAlfredasamanwhohadbecomerichby

inventingaweaponofmassdestruction.Afterreadingthereviewofhislife.Alfredwashorrified

anddecidedtousethegreatfortunehehadmadetorewardpeoplewhohadbeenworkingto

promotegoodinsociety.19.TheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedtothepersonwhohaddonethe

most,orthebest,worktopromotefriendshipbetweencountries,toabolisharmiesortoholdand

promotepeaceconferences.

In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortsto

getlandminesbanned.20.Perhapsnow,AlfredNobelwillrestmoreeasilyinhisgrave.

A.Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?

B.Hence,itwasalargeamountofmoney.

C.Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.

D.Hewassogrievedbytheaccidentthatheevendesiredtogiveuphisjob.

E.Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.

F.Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofall

crimes'

G.Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureand,most

significantly,peace.

【答案】ACFGE

【分析】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的創(chuàng)始人AlfredNobel的一生經(jīng)歷。諾貝

爾獎(jiǎng)授予了應(yīng)得之人，AlfredNobel在他的墳?zāi)估飼?huì)安息得更安穩(wěn)。

16.根據(jù)下文提示“TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.（他們都是諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)的獲

得者）”可知，此處應(yīng)該是詢問其共同點(diǎn)是什么。所以A項(xiàng)Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?

（它們有什么共同點(diǎn)呢？）切題。故選A。

17.該選項(xiàng)可銜接前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死，且根據(jù)后文“Theresultwasdynamite（結(jié)

果是爆炸性的）”可知，此處表述Alfred決心發(fā)明?種更安全的爆炸物。所以C項(xiàng)Alfredwas

determinedtoinventasaferexplosive.（Alfred決定發(fā)明一種更安全的炸藥）切題。故選C。

18.前文寫到一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束的時(shí)候他的發(fā)明被用在戰(zhàn)爭中，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)Alfredhadalwayshatedwarand

consideredittobe*thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes,（他一直痛恨戰(zhàn)爭,認(rèn)為

“it”是令人厭惡的事情中最讓人厭惡的事情，是最嚴(yán)重的犯罪）切題。該選項(xiàng)承接一戰(zhàn)的內(nèi)

容。故選F。

19.前文中提到Alfred決定用他賺取的財(cái)富去獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)造福社會(huì)的人，G選項(xiàng)Thefiveawardshe

createdwereforphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.（他設(shè)立

的五個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是物理學(xué)，化學(xué)，醫(yī)學(xué)，文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，還有最重要的，和平獎(jiǎng)）切題。該項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步說

明他設(shè)計(jì)了什么獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，并在后文接著寫諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給什么樣的人。故選G。

20.根據(jù)上文提示“In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsfor

hereffortstogetlandminesbanned.（1997年，諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)授予f美國人喬迪?威廉姆斯（Jody

Williams）,因?yàn)樗秊榻沟乩姿龅呐Γ笨芍?997年的諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給了一個(gè)號(hào)召

禁用地雷的人，承接上文，E選項(xiàng)Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuilt

onmines.（當(dāng)然，具有諷刺意味的是，諾貝爾家族的財(cái)富是建立在礦山上的。）切題。令人

覺得諷刺的是，諾貝爾家族的財(cái)富都是基于地雷。故選E。

第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題1分,滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

WhenIwasachildofsevenyearsold,myfriends,onaholiday,filledmypocketwith

coins.Iwentatoncetoashopwheretheysoldtoysforchildren.Being21withthe

soundofawhistlethatIhadseenbytheway,inthehandsofanotherboy,Ihandedoverallmy

moneyforone.Ithencamehome,andwentwhistlingalloverthehouse,muchpleasedwith

mywhistle,but22allthefamily.Mybrothersandsistersandcousins,whenItoldofthe

23Ihadmade,saidIhadgivenfourtimesasmuchasthewhistlewasworth.Theyputme

inmindofwhatgoodthingsImighthaveboughtwiththerestofthemoney,andlaughedatme

somuchformybeingstupidthatIcriedwithvexation（煩惱）.Thinkingaboutthemattergave

memore24thanthewhistlegavemepleasure.

25,thiswasafterwardsofusetome,fortheimpressioncontinuedonmymind,so

thatoften,whenIwas26tobuysomethingIdidnotneed,Isaidtomyself,"Don'tgive

toomuchforthewhistle,''andIsavedmymoney.AsIgrewup,cameintotheworld,and___

27theactionsofmen,IthoughtImetwithmany,verymany,who“gavetoomuchforthe

whistle.^^

IfIknewamiser（守財(cái)奴）who28everykindofcomfortableliving,allthe

pleasureofdoinggoodtoothers,alltheesteemofhisfellowcitizensandthejoysof

friendship,29gatheringandkeepingwealth—"Poorman,^^saidI,“youpaytoodear

foryourwhistle.^^WhenImetamanofpleasure,whodidnottrytoimprovehismindorhis

fortunebut30devotedhimselftohavingagoodtime,perhapsneglectinghishealth,

"Mistakenman,youareproviding31foryourself,insteadofpleasure;youarepaying

toodearforyourwhistle.,,IfIsawsomeonefondof32whohasfineclothes,

finehouses,finefurniture,fineearrings,allabovehis33andforwhichhehad

runintodebt,andendshiscareerinaprison."Alas,“saidI,"hehaspaiddear,verydear,

forhiswhistIe.^^

34,themiseriesofmankindarelargelyduetotheirputtinga（n）35value

onthings?一togiving"toomuchfortheirwhistle.^^

21.A.facedB.charmedC.sympathizedD.provided

22.A.disturbingB.attractingC.entertainingD.confusing

23.A.troubleB.attemptC.choiceD.bargain

24.A.satisfactionB.reliefC.annoyanceD.stress

25.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Indeed

26.A.temptedB.determinedC.forcedD.persuaded

27.A.tookB.observedC.admiredD.followed

28.A.turnedagainstB.gaveupC.caredaboutD.reliedon

29.A.incaseofB.insteadofC.forthesakeofD.intermsof

30.A.merelyB.similarlyC.strangelyD.positively

31.A.inconvenienceB.burdenC.frustrationD.pain

32.A.appearanceB.wealthC.comfortsD.necessities

33.A.demandB.fortuneC.standardD.value

34.A.AsaresultB.BycontrastC.OnaverageD.Inshort

35.A.unexpectedB.greatC.falseD.true

【答案】BADCCABBCADABDC

【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者由兒時(shí)為一只哨子付出高昂的代價(jià)聯(lián)系到生活中的幾

類人——由于對(duì)事物價(jià)值的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，他們?yōu)椤吧谧印备冻龅拇鷥r(jià)太大了。

21.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我被路上看到的一個(gè)男孩的哨聲迷住了，我把所有的錢都給

了他換了一個(gè)哨子。A.faced面對(duì);B.charmed迷醉，吸引;C.sympathized同情；D.provided

提供?？蘸笳f我把所有的錢都給了這個(gè)男孩換了一個(gè)哨子，這說明我被他的哨聲迷住了，be

charmedwith表示"給迷住”，故選B。

22.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我回到家，吹著哨子在屋子里走來走去，對(duì)我的哨聲感

到非常高興，但卻打擾了全家人。A.disturbing打擾；B.attracting吸引；C.entertaining娛樂；

D.confusing使迷惑。我吹著哨子滿屋走，自然是打擾了全家人，故選A。

23.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我告訴我的兄弟姐妹和堂兄弟姐妹們我所做的交易時(shí)，他

們說我付出的是哨子價(jià)值的四倍。A.trouble麻煩；B.attempt試圖；C.choice選擇；D.bargain

交易。上文說我用兜里所有的錢從那個(gè)陌生男孩手里換回了一個(gè)哨子，此處指的就是這個(gè)交

易，故選D。

24.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一想到這件事，我的煩惱比哨子給我的快樂還多。A.satisfaction

滿意；B.relief減輕；C.annoyance惱火，煩惱：D.stress壓力。空前說他們讓我想起用剩下

的錢可以買什么好東西，還嘲笑我的愚蠢，我氣得哭了，因此此處是說這件事給我?guī)淼臒?/p>

惱，故選C。

25.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，它對(duì)我來說是很有用的，因?yàn)檫@種印象一直縈繞在我

的腦海中，所以當(dāng)我想買一些我不需要的東西時(shí)，我常常對(duì)自己說，“不要為哨子付出太多”，

這樣我就省下了錢。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Indeed的確。

上文說這件事給我?guī)砹藷?下文又說它對(duì)我來說是有用的，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選Co

26.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A.tempted引誘,迷惑;B.determined決心;C.forced

強(qiáng)迫：D.persuaded勸服。上文說我經(jīng)不住哨聲的誘惑，用兜里所有的錢換回了那個(gè)口哨子，

此處說的是這件事給我的教訓(xùn)——當(dāng)我想買一些我不需要的東西時(shí)，我提醒自己“不要為哨

子付出太多“，betemptedtodo表示“受誘惑做某事、忍不住做某事”，故