2023年考研外語模擬試題及答案7

考研外語模擬試題及答案7

一、UseofEnglish

1、ManyparentswhowelcometheideaofturningofftheTV

andspendingmoretimewiththefamilyarestillworriedthat

withoutTVtheywouldconstantlybeoncallasentertainersfor

theirchildren.Theyremember(1)ofallsortsofthings

todowhentheywerekids,buttheirownkidsseemdifferent,

lessresourceful,(2)Whenthere'snothingtodo,these

parentsobserve(3),theirkidsseemunableto(4)

anythingtodobesidesturningontheTV.

Onefather,(5),says“WhenIwasakid,wewerealways

thinkingupthingstodo,projectsand(6).Wecertainly

nevercomplainedinan(7)waytoourparents,'Ihave

nothingtodo!’"Hecomparesthiswithhisownchildrentoday:

“Ifsomeonedoesn'tentertainthem,they'11happilysitthere

infrontofthe(8)allday.”

Thereisonewordforthisfather's(9):unfair.Itisas

ifheweredisappointedinthemfornotreadingGreekthough

theyhaveneverstudiedthelanguage.Hedeploreshis

children's(10)ofinventiveness,asiftheabilityto

playweresomething(11)thathischildrenaremissing.

Infact,whilethetendencytoplayisbuiltintothehuman

species,theactualabi1itytoplay一toimagine,toinvent,to

elaborateon(12)inaplayfulway—andtheabilitytogain

(13)fromit,theseareskillsthathavetobelearnedand

developed.

Suchdisappointment,(14),isnotonly(15),itis

alsodestructive.Sensingtheirparents'disappointment,

childrencometobelievethattheyare,indeed,lacking

something,andthatthismakesthemlessworthyof(16)

andrespect.Givingchildrentheopportunitytodevelopnew

(17),toenlargetheirhorizonsand(18)hepleasures

ofdoingthingsontheirownis,ontheotherhand,awayto

helpchildrendevelopa(19)feelingaboutthemselvesas

(20)andinterestingpeople.

A.disposing

B.conceiving

C.reminding

D.deceiving

2、(2)

A.anyway

B.instead

C.somehow

D.likewise

3、⑶

A.zealously

B.identically

C.regretfully

D.militantly

4、(4)

A.comeupwith

B.shedlighton

C.stayawayfrom

D.giveplayto

5、(5)

A.forexample

B.ineffect

C.inasense

D.asaresult

6、(6)

A.riots

B.rituals

C.schemes

D.games

7、(7)

A.demanding

B.innate

C.amusing

D.annoying

8、(8)

A.spouse

B.tube

C.peers

D.toys

9、(9)

A.admission

B.tolerance

C.caution

D.distress

10、(10)

A.lack

B.curiosity

C.plea

D.liability

11、(11)

A.absent

B.innate

C.original

D.verbal

12、(12)

A.reality

B.virtual

C.media

D.trend

13、(13)

A.reward

B.progress

C.fulfillment

D.intelligence

14、(14)

A.indeed

B.hence

C.however

D.therefore

15、(15)

A.illogical

B.undesirable

C.improper

D.unjust

16、(16)

A.admiration

B.ignorance

C.speculation

D.disregard

17、(17)

A.occasions

B.domains

C.perspectives

D.resources

18、(18)

A.entitle

B.detach

C.secure

D.discover

19、(19)

A.excessive

B.arrogant

C.confident

D.surplus

20、(20)

A.conscientious

B.competent

C.sociable

D.sensitive

二、ReadingComprehension

1PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Wal-Martisnowmountingaboldexpansionthatcoulddoubleits

saleswithinjustfiveyears,to$480billion.Someofthat

growthwillcomeinnewmarketsoutsidetheU.S.,where1,200

storesinninecountriesalreadyaccountforabout16%ofthe

chain,stotalsales.Butevenmoregrowthwillbewonasthe

chaininsinuatesitselfintomoreU.S.neighborhoodsand

invadesmoreproductcategories.

IfyouthinkWal-Martalreadysellsjustabouteverything,

thinkagain.ThinkPCs,ceilingfans,morefashionableclothing,

gasolineandevencars."Theirgoalistohavea30%shareof

everymajorbusinesstheyarein,“saysLindaKristiansen,a

retailanalystforUBSWarburgEquityResearch.Ifthere,sno

Wal-Martstorenearyou,justwait.IfyoushopatWal-Mart,

expectyourstoretogetbiggeroranewstoretoopeneven

closer.Thechainplanstoexpandfrom3,400U.S.locationsto

day-halfofthemintheSouth—toanationwidenetwork

approaching5,000storesinfiveyears.

Wal-Marthas1,300Supercenters,manyofthemconvertedfrom

standarddiscountstores,offeringeverythingfromhardwareto

groceriesanddrugs.Insomeareas,itisplacingthese17,

000-sq-mmonstersascloseas8kmapart.Andinthespaces

between,it'stormentinglocalgroceriesandconvenience

storeswithNeighborhoodMarkets(calTemSmall-Marts).

Wal-MartisbuildingitsfirsturbanSupercenter,indowntown

Dallas.Andwithoutfanfareitistestingused-carsales

alongsideoneofitsHoustonstores."It'ssurprisinghowmuch

roomwehaveforgrowth,“saysRobsonWalton,58,Sam'ssonand

thecompany,snonexecutivechairman.Tmnottryingtobe

flippant,addsLeeScott,52,Wal-Mart;sCEO."Butsimplyput,

ourlong-termstrategyistobewherewe'renot.”

YetforWal-Marttogetwhereitisnowisgoingtobealot

harderthanitwastogetwhereitis.Evenwithsalesexpected

togrowtoabout$240billionforthefiscalyearthatendsJan.

31,pricewarsinitsgrocerybusinessnarrowedWal-Mart's

profitmargintoitslowestlevelinfouryears.Thecompany

planstofattenprofitsbybecomingmoreofaproducerandeven

designerofitsgoods,especiallyclothing.IVsmakingblouses

inChinaandtowersinIndiathatitintendstoselleverywhere

fromBerlintoBeijingandBoston.Butfashionisanotoriously

ficklebusiness.Andbydivingdeeperintothemanufacturing

ofmoreofitsproducts,Wal-Martisbravingapaththathas

broughtgrieftosomeofhistory，sbiggestretailers,suchas

APandSears.

Thefigureslistedinthefirstparagraphshowthat

A.Wal-MartexpandeditsbusinessoutsidetheU.S.

B.Wal-Marthas1,200storesinninecountries.

C.Wal-Martisgrowingveryfastinbusiness.

D.Wal-Martisthelargestchainintheworld.

2、

AccordingtoLindaKristiansen,Wal-Mart

A.sellseverything,

B.willopenmorestoresnationwide.

C.willgrowlargerandlarger.

D.willinvolvemorebusinesses.

3、

WhatcanbeinferredfromthewordsofRobsonWaltonandLee

Scott?

A.Theyfeelcontentwiththeirprogress.

B.Theyareoptimisticabouttheirdevelopment.

C.Theyplantoexpandtheirbusiness.

D.Theyareworriedabouttheirfuture.

4、

Whyare"BerlintoBeijingandBoston"mentionedinthelast

paragraph?

A.Toshowtheimportanceofthesethreecities.

B.BecauseWal-Marthasbeensuccessfulinthesecities.

C.Becausethesecitieshavegreatpotential.

D.Becausethesecitiesrepresentthewholeworldmarket.

5、

Theauthor'sopinionuponthedevelopmentofWal-Martis

A.optimistic.

B.aggressive.

C.pessimistic.

D.neutral.

6、JamesandBonnieSturgisarethekindofparentsanyschool

wouldliketoclaim.He'shighlyeducated,hasfourdegrees.

She'sanenergetic,stay-at-homemomwhospendshourseachweek

cartingtheirfourchildrentoactivitiesneartheirPalmBeach

County,Fla.,home.

Theyareinvolvedparents,committedtotheirchildren，s

education—justnotcommittedtothepublicschools.

TheSturgisesarehome-schoolers,partofagrowingmovement

thatrejectsmanyofthepractices-and,attimes,thevery

premises—ofpubliceducation.Home-schoolersbelievethat

parentsarethebestteachers,thatfamily-centerededucation

trumpsthetypicalK-12experienceanytime,thatonlyby

separatingthemselvesfromacumbersomeand,somesay,morally

corruptsystemcantheyretaincontroloftheirchildren，s

lives.

Inthepast,theresponseofmanyschoolboardmembershasbeen:

“Iftheydon'twantwhatweoffer,letthemgo."Andonthose

occasionswhenhome-schooledstudentsaskedtotryoutforthe

footballteam,playintheband,orenrollinhigh-levelscience

classes,theresponsehasoftenbeen"no".

Butthat'schanging.Moreschooldistrictsareopeningcourses

andextracurricularactivitiestohome-schoolers,andthe

rhetoricissoftening.

Thedistrict'sformerpolicytowardhome-schooling"wasn't

friendlyatall,“saysReneeSessler,aboardmemberforthe

ReynoldsSchoolDistrict,nearPortland,Ore..”Itsaid,we're

notgoingtodoanythingforyou."Lastyear,theboardopened

physicaleducation,musicprograms,andotheractivitiesand

coursestohome-schoolers.

Extracurricularactivitieshavealsobeenopenedto

home-schoolersinPalmBeachCountyanddistrictsthroughout

Floridasinceastatelawwaspassedin1996.Noweveryschool

systeminthestatehasacoordinatorwhohandlesrelations

betweenthedistrictandhome-schoolingparents.

“Ithink,certainly,inthelastfiveyearsorsothere'sa

differentclimate,“saysMikeSmith,presidentoftheHome

SchoolLegalDefenseAssociation(HSLDA),whichadvocatesfor

theinterestsofhome-schoolersandgoestocourtontheir

behalf."Noteverywhere,butit'schanging.

Whythenewattitude?Foronething,it'sgoodpublicrelations.

Asanyboardmemberknows,it'sbettertoworkwith

disillusionedparentsthandrivethemfartheraway.Andit's

goodbusinesstogetaportionofthefull-timeequivalent

fundingfortheperiodthathome-schoolersareinschool.

FromtheintroductionoftheSturgises,welearnthat

A.theirfourchildrenwillbewelcomedtoallyschool.

B.theyarethetypicalAmericanfamilypattern.

C.schoolsprefertheparentswithgood-educationandenough

time.

D.theywillnotsendtheirchildrentoschools.

Home-schoolersbelievethat

A.childrenlearnbestbythemselves.

B.K-12systemissuitableforchildren.

C.publiceducationisnotorious.

D.theythemselvescanoffertheirkidsbesteducation.

8、

What(sthefirstresponsefromschoolboardtowards

home-schoolers?

A.Theyfeltshocked.

B.Theyexcludedthisform,ofeducation.

C.Theytookitforgranted.

D.Theywerepuzzled.

9、

Theauthorsays"therhetoricissoftening“toshowthat

A.theschoolboardchangedtheirattitude.

B.home-schoolersnolongerhatedschools.

C.thetwosidesbegantocooperate.

D.thelanguageusedhereischanging.

10、

Fromthetextwecanconcludethat

A.home-schoolerswillcontinuetoexist.

B.theeducationsystemwillbereformed.

C.thecontradictionsdisappeared.

D.home-schoolingisagoodbusiness.

11、Inmorethanacenturyofhand-to-handcombatinshops,

supermarketaisles,restaurantsandbarsaroundtheworld,

Coca-ColahasnearlyalwaysbeenintheleadandPepsiinsecond

place.WhenWarrenBuffett,Coke，slong-timeinvestor,toldthe

boardthathehadvisitedapizzaparlourinOmaha,Nebraska,

withhisgrandsononlytodiscoveritservednothingbutPepsi,

Coke'sbossesactedswiftlytoremovetheirarch-rivalfromthe

menuandreplaceitwithCoke.

IfonlytheAtlanta-basedcompanyhadmovedasdeterminedlyin

responsetochangingconsumertastes,itmighthaveavoideda

humiliatingreversalinfortunes.OnDecember12thPepsiCo

overtookCoca-Colainmarketcapitalisationforthefirsttime.

WithPepsiCo,ssharepricehavingrisenby14%thisyear,its

stockmarketvaluereached$98.4billion,comparedwith$97.9

billionforCoca-Cola,whichhasseenitssharesdeclineby1.2%

inthesameperiod.

Pepsiispowerednotbyitstraditionalfizzydrinks—salesof

thoseareflat—butsuchproductsasGatorade,asportsdrink

thathasseensalesgrowbymorethan30%.Gatoradealso

representsabroaderdiversificationbyPepsiCoawayfroma

relianceonsugarycolasandintootherproducts.PepsiConow

reportedlygetsaround20%ofitsrevenuefromsoftdrinks,

unlikeCoca-Cola,wheretheyaccountforsome80%.

ManyofthebrandsthatPepsiCohasbeenacquiringandpromoting

appealtoconsumers'concernsabouttheirhealth.PepsiCo,s

latestadvertisingprogrammepromotesanewSmartSpot“symbol,

whichallowspeopletoidentifyhealthierproducts.Thespots

arebeingattachedtoGatoradeandotherPepsiCobrandssuch

asTropicanaorangejuice,Aquafinawater,bakedlay'scrisps

andQuakerGranolaBars.

Coca-Colawillnowtrytoregainthecrown.Havingendured

varioustroublesandtwochiefexecutivessincethedeathin

1997ofRobertoGoizueta,amuch-admiredboss,Cokebroughta

veteran,NevilleIsdell,outofretirementlastyearto

reinvigoratethecompany.Mr.Isdellknowsathingortwoabout

beinginsecondplace.Inthe1980shetookCokefromthenumber

twospotinthePhilippinestomoveaheadofPepsi.

Mr.IsdellhasCoke'sownsportsdrink,Powerade,inhis

portfolio—buthecouldhavehadGatorade.Fiveyearsago

anotherfizzydrink(champagne)wasonice,tocelebrate

Coca-Cola's$15.8billiontakeoverofQuakerOats,thenowner

ofGatorade.ThistakeoverwassupposedtoleadCokeintowhat

lookedtobeahotnewmarketforhealthdrinks.Butthe"Sage

ofOmaha”,asMr.Buffettisknown,blockedthedeal,inpart

becauseitwouldhavedilutedthevalueofCoke'sshares.Pepsi

tookoverQuakerOatsinstead一amemorythatmustleaveMr.

BuffettandotherCokeshareholderswithabittertasteintheir

mouths.

ThestoryofMr.Buffettisnotedtosuggestthat

A.Mr.BuffettistheinvestorofCoca-Cola.

B.Pepsiisservedinthepizzaparlour.

C.Cokeisnowservedinthepizzaparlour.

D.CokeusedtowinthebattleagainstPepsi.

12、

WhatcanbeinferredfromthefiguresinParagraph2?

A.Cokeisnowinahumiliatingsituation.

B.PepsiexcelledCokeinsales.

C.CokefallsbehindPepsiinstockmarketvalue.

D.PepsiearnedmoreprofitthanCoke.

13、

BylistingsomeproductsofPepsi,theauthorwantstotell

usthat

A.Cokeismakingthesameproducts.

B.heprefersPepsitoCoke.

C.Pepsihasmanydifferentproducts.

D.Pepsiissuccessfulexceptsoftdrinks.

14、

Theword//reinvigorate，/(Paragraph5)probablymeans

A.tokeephealthy.

B.toremainstronger.

C.toreform,andbetter.

D.tochange.

15、

ThetextsuggeststhatMr.Isdell

A.willtakeoverGatorade.

B.willpromotePowerade.

C.rejectedMr.Buffett'sdecision.

D.regretsabouthisdecision.

16、RupertMurdochoncedescribedthemasthe“riversof

gold”—thelucrativeclassified-advertisingrevenuesthat

flowedintobignewspapergroups.Butthegoldenriversare

beingdivertedonlineastheInternetbreaksthegripthatlocal

andregionalnewspapersonceheldovertheiradvertising

markets.

Typically,alocalnewspaperwouldexpecttogetsome80%of

itsrevenuefromadvertising,ofwhicharoundtwo-thirdswould

comefromclassifieds.ButlastyearintheSanFranciscoBay

area,jobadsworthsome$60mwerelostfromnewspaperstothe

web,reckonsClassifiedIntelligence,aconsultancy.Emap,a

Britishpublisher,recentlygavewarningofa30%declinein

recruitmentadsinoneofitstitles,NursingTimes,following

thelaunchofafreewebsiteforjobsinBritain'sNational

HealthService.

TheInternethasbecomethefastest-growingadvertisingmedium.

Onlineadrevenuesreached$5.8billioninthefirstsixmonths

ofthisyearinAmerica,up26%onthesameperiodlastyear,

accordingtoajointstudybytheInteractiveAdvertising

BureauandPricewaterhouse-Coopers.InBritain,onlinead

revenuessurgedby62%inthesameperiodtoalmost￡500m

($870m).

Searchadvertising—thesmalltext-adsthatappearalongside

GoogleandYahoo!searches—accountfor40%oftheonlinead

market.Another20%goestodisplayadsand18%toclassified

advertising.Butsearchadvertisingcanalsoworklikeasmall

adandwillincreasinglychallengeprintclassifiedsas

websitesdeveloplocalizedandmoreelaborateservicesfor

onlineusers.

PerhapsthemostsignificantdevelopmentcameonNovember16th,

whenGooglestartedupaprototypeservicecalledGoogleBase.

Itoffersasearchabledatabaseoffreelistings,including

smalladswhichcanbenarroweddowntopostalregions.Among

itsfirstOfferingswereusedcars.Innotime,Googlecould

challengeeBay,whoseownauctionlistingsnowworkmuchlike

agiantclassifiedwebsite一especiallywithits“buy-it-now”

options.ButeBaychargessellers.Evenso,itsoldmorethan

450mitemsinthethreemonthstoSeptember30th,foralmost

$11billion.

Inresponse,mostprintpublishersareexpandingonline.Mr.

MurdochisbuyingwebsitesincludingPropertyfinderand

MySpace,asocial-networkingsite.Newspapergroupshave

teameduptojointlyoperatewebsitestocompetewithMonster

forrecruitmentads.Buttheonlineoperatorsareexpandingtoo.

eBay,forinstance,isbuildingaglobalnetworkofclassified

sitesundertheKijijibrand.Italsohasastakeinthepopular

Craigs-listwhich,havingsoakedupsomanylistingsaroundits

SanFranciscohome,isnowfrighteningothernewspapersasit

expandsitsmostly-freeadsservicetoothercitiesaroundthe

world.

Bysaying"thegoldenriversarebeingdiverted”,theauthor

means

A.newspapersearnalotfromads.

B.themoneyflowlikeriversintowebsites.

C.newspapersbegantosharetheadrevenueswithwebsites.

D.websitestookawaymanyadrevenuesfromnewspapers.

17、

Accordingtothepassage,newspaperislosingprofitsinjob

adsbecause

A.theirpricesaretoohigh.

B.theemploymentrateisquitegood.

C.Internetcompanyprovidesfreeservices.

D.competitionamongnewspapersaretight.

18、

Thechallengethatnewspapersfacedfromthewebsiteis

A.thesmalltext-adsthatappearalongsidesearchengines.

B.thelocalizationofwebsiteandmoreelaborateservice.

C.thedisplayads.

D.theclassifiedads.

19、

ItcanbeinferredthateBay

A.hasaprototypeservice.

B.hassimilaradsservicelikeGoogle.

C.isfeaturedbyitsauctionlistings.

D.offersasearchabledatabaseoffreelistings.

20、

Whatcanbepredictedfromthelastparagraph?

A.Newspapersarenowoperatingtheirownwebsites.

B.Websitesbegintoinvolveinthetraditionalnewspaper

business.

C.Competitiononadswillbetighterinthefuture.

D.Newspapersmightalsoprovidefreeadsservice.

21、PartB(10points)

YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutGoogle.

Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistforeachnumbered

paragraph.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenot

numbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedto

use.

A.Stickingtolong-termplanning.

B.Striveformoreprofit

C.Decentralizedmanagement.

D.Maintaininganemployee-centricculture.

E.OfficialDo-Gooding.

F.Apubliccompanyownedbythepublic.

WallStreetpredictorsnowestimatethatwhenGooglestocksare

0￡

,21

issuedsomeweeksfromnow,thecompanywillbevaluedatas

muchas$30billion,makingBrinandPage(whoeachownabout

15percent)worthmorethan$4billioneach.Butpersonalwealth

isclearlynottheobsessionofthecofounders,whosharea

clutteredofficeinthecampusdubbedtheGoogleplex.As

evidencedbytheir“ownersmanual,，rtheyhavebeenstruggling

withadeepquestion:howcantheypreservetheircompany

approach,cultureandvisionifitistobepubliclytradedand

beholdentoshareholders7Andtheyhavecomeupwithsome

answers.

(41).

Googleisobsessedwithdemocracy.Thebasisofallitswealth

springsfromtheGooglesearchalgorithms,whichsearchthrough

andindextheWebinsuchawayastocapturethecollective

intelligenceofitsusers.It，skindofademocraticprocess,

andapparentlythisideacarriesovertowhoshouldownshares.

Googleisrepellingtobeassociatedwiththego-go(and,

ultimately,gone-gone)superheroesofthedot-comera,andto

discouragespeculationPageandBrinoutline"afairprocess

forourIPOthatisinclusiveofbothsmallandlarge

investors."Theyproposeanauctionthatwillbypassthe

daytradersandfatcatsand,hopefully,reachtheirideal

investor—,-awisesoulwillingtohanginforthelonghaul.

Whenitcomestocontrol,though,Google'sleadersbelievethat

itshouldrestwiththem.Thecompanywillhavetwoclassesof

stock,oneofwhichhasgreatervotingrightsownedbythem.

(42).

Soundingdangerouslylikeafortunecookie,thecofounders

write,“Amanagementteamdistractedbyaseriesofshort-term

targetsisaspointlessasadietersteppingonascaleevery

halfhour."Googlewon'tfallforthat,theyinsist.Therewill

benoattempttomassagequarterlyresultstopleaseWallStreet.

Andifyouaskthemhowthingswillgointhenextcoupleof

months,“wewillrespectfullydecline"toofferguidance.

(43).

BrinandPageknewthatdoubterspredictedthatgoingpublic

wouldbetheendofGoogle'semployeeamenitieslikefree

lunchescookedbyJerryGarcia,sformerchefandmassageson

call.But“whenyoulookatthefinancials,thatcostsnothing,

saidBrinrecently."It'slessthanaroundingerror."Heand

Pagearetellingshareholdersto"expectustoaddbenefits

ratherthanreducethemovertime.”

(44).

Brin,PageandCEOEricSchmidtrunthecompanyasamessy

0￡

L23

triumvirate.However,theydoincludespatsbetweenthemasa

possibleriskfactor.Andthechainofcommandwillbefurther

complicatedbytheirrequirementthattheboardchairmanshould

notbeaninsider.

(45).

IncasetherewasanydoubtaboutGoogle'spriorities,Pageand

Brinputitinblackandwhite:"WeaspiretomakeGooglean

institutionthatmakestheworldabetterplace."Thecompany

mottois"Don'tbeevil,“andshareholdersshouldbeawarethat

thiscouldimpactstockprice.Googleisputting1percentof

itswealthinafoundationthatsomeday“mayeclipseGoggle

itselfintermsofoverallworldimpact.”

Allfascinatingbutnotreallyananswertothatbigquestion:

shouldyougetinonthis.'?ThatwilldependonhowGooglecan

maintainitsamazingmomentumint

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

(46)Speakingofthelovingwarmthoftheextendedfamily,the

popularimageisofgrannybytheTV,babyplayinginthecrib

andtherestcheerfullyinteractingbetweenthetwo

generationalpoles.Traditionandeducationareeffortlessly

passedoninaclearlymarkedcomfortzone.Perfectforsecurity,

nottomentionfreebabysitting.

Butwait.Studythemother,sface:exhausted,tense,unhappy.

Sheisthepivotuponwhomthiscozyworldturns.(47)Sheis

the“supercarer"whospoonfeedsbabyandgrannyboth,makes

suretheyareentertainedandoutofdanger,looksafterthe

restofthehouseholdand,chancesare,