譯林版（2019）必修第二冊Unit 2 Be Sporty Be Healthy 知識(shí)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)學(xué)案

必修二U2Besporty,behealthy【W(wǎng)elcometotheunit】1.Asoundmindstarsfromasoundbody.Howcanaweakbodydevelopasoundmind？--CaiYuanpei有健全之身體，始有健全之精神；若身體柔弱，則思想精神何由發(fā)達(dá)？—蔡元培【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】sound(1)adj.健康的2.Whatanimalisbestathittingbaseballs?Abat!什么動(dòng)物最擅長打棒球？蝙蝠！【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】bat/b?t/(1)n.蝙蝠;球棒,球板(2)vt.&vi.用球棒（板）擊球【Reading】1.Whatmightpreventpeoplefromstartingexercise?什么可能會(huì)阻止人們開始鍛煉?【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】prevent…from(1)阻止…,阻礙…(2)阻止...做...:prevent+賓語+（from）doingstop+賓語+（from）doingkeep+賓語+fromdoingban+賓語+fromdoing禁止…做注意：在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)里from均不可以省去，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中prevent與stop后面的from可省略，但在keep…fromdoing結(jié)構(gòu)中的from不能省略。另外，keepsb.doing的意思是“讓某人一直做”。[練習(xí)]（1）Weshouldmakeeveryefforttopreventschoolviolencefrom____________（happen）.（2）Wemustdowhatwecan_________（prevent）theriversfrombeingpollutedbyfactories.（3）Byslowlycuttingdeeperanddeepercurves（[k??v]曲線）,youpreventtheglass_________breakingasitchangesshape.2.Congratulations!Youhavejusttakenyourfirststeptowardsanewandimprovedyou!恭喜!你已經(jīng)向一個(gè)全新的、更好的自我邁出了第一步!【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】congratulation/k?n?ɡr?t?u?le??n/(1)n.祝賀,恭喜;賀詞;恭賀常見搭配：congratulationstosb.onsth.祝賀某人某事Congratulations!祝賀你!（口語）offer/sendcongratulationstosb.（onsth.）向某人祝賀（某事）(2)congratulatev.祝賀,向…道賀;感到自豪常見搭配：congratulatesb.on/uponsth./doingsth.就（做）某事向某人祝賀注意：congratulation用作祝賀語時(shí)，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；表示“祝賀”這一抽象意義時(shí)，通常用單數(shù)形式。[練習(xí)]（1）--IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.--__________________（congratulate）!That'sgoodnews.（2）Icongratulate_________（I）onhavingchosenagoodwomantobemywife.（3）你應(yīng)該為你出色的工作感到自豪。Youcan____________________________________havingdoneanexcellentjob.3.Understandingthebenefitsofexercise了解鍛煉的好處【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】benefit(1)n.優(yōu)勢;益處;成效常見搭配：forone’sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.為了幫助某人;為了某人的利益(2)v.得益于;得利于;使受益常見搭配：benefitsb./sth.對(duì)某人/物有益benefitfrom/by從…中受益(3)beneficialadj.有利的,有益的常見搭配：beofbenefitto＝bebeneficialto對(duì)…有益[練習(xí)]（1）Whenitcomesto_________benefitofvolunteering,alotofpeoplethinkit'sallaboutthewarmfeelingafterhelpingsomeone.（2）Itis_________greatbenefittoshareyourfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.（3）Pleasegotothecountry.Ithinkthefreshairthereis_________（benefit）toyou.4.Mostpeopleassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforthebodyandmind-butwhatexactlyareitshealthbenefits?大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為定期鍛煉對(duì)身心有奇效,但它對(duì)健康究竟有什么好處呢?【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】assume/??sju?m/(1)vt.假定,假設(shè),認(rèn)為;承擔(dān)(責(zé)任),擔(dān)任,就(職)；呈現(xiàn),顯露常見搭配：assumesb./sth.tobe…認(rèn)為某人/事…assuming（that）…假設(shè)…（引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句）Itisassumedthat…據(jù)認(rèn)為…(2)assumptionn.假定,假設(shè);常見搭配：ontheassumptionthat…假定…maketheassumption/assumptionsthat…作關(guān)于…的推測/假設(shè)[練習(xí)]（1）Somecyclistsmaketheassumption_________trafficlawsdonotapplytothem,butthisisnottrue.（2）_________wasassumedthatallhumankindcoulddowastoadapttotherapidlychangingconditions.（3）Weareworking_________theassumptionthattheconference（[?k?nf?r?ns]會(huì)議）willtakeplaceasplanned.（4）____________________________________（人們認(rèn)為）thosepeoplewouldbemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.5.Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.事實(shí)也證明,定期運(yùn)動(dòng)的人往往會(huì)有更好的免疫系統(tǒng),患病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】Ithasalsobeenproventhat...事實(shí)證明......常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞還有reported,said,known,believed,thought,announced,expected,stated等注意：上述結(jié)構(gòu)可改為Sb./Sth.besaid/thought/believed/hoped…todo/tobedoing/tohavedone。[練習(xí)]（1）Itis_________（report）thattheenemyweretenmilesaway.（2）同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1）Itissupposedthatheisworkinginthatbigcompany.→He____________________________________workinginthatbigcompany.2）ItissaidthatTomhaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.→Tom_____________________________________________newbookaboutworkers.3）Itisthoughtthatshehelpsthepeopleinneed.→She__________________thepeopleinneed.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】tend(1)v.往往會(huì);趨向;趨于;照顧;護(hù)理常見搭配：tendtodosth.常常會(huì)做某事;傾向于做某事tendto/towards…趨向…;傾向…tend（to）sb./sth.（＝lookaftersb./sth.）照顧某人/事;護(hù)理某人/事(2)vt.&vi.照看;護(hù)理常見搭配：tend（to）sb照顧某人(3)tendencyn.傾向;偏好常見搭配：haveatendencytodosth.傾向于做某事[練習(xí)]（1）ThesortofmusicIlistentovaries（[?ve?ri]不同）,butItend_________ourfolkmusic.（2）Peoplehavea_________（tend）toplacetoomuchemphasis（[?emf?s?s]強(qiáng)調(diào)）onwhatexpertssay.（3）Ambulance（[??mbj?l?ns]救護(hù)車）crews（[kru?]全體工作人員）were_________（tend）totheinjured（[??nd??d]傷員）.（4）這些植物大多生長在偏遠(yuǎn)的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)。Theseplants___________________________togrowinrural（[?r??r?l]農(nóng)村的）areas.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】immune/??mju?n/(1)adj.有免疫力;不受影響的;免除的5.Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove.當(dāng)你制定鍛煉計(jì)劃時(shí)，首先要考慮的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】routine/ru??ti?n/(1)n.常規(guī),慣例常見搭配：followtheroutine遵守常規(guī)(2)adj.常規(guī)的,例行的;乏味的6.Flexibilitytraining,includinggymnasticsandtaichi,helpsstretchyourmusclesandimproveyourbody'srangeofmovement.體操和太極拳等柔韌性訓(xùn)練有助于伸展肌肉,加大身體活動(dòng)范圍?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】gymnastics/d??m?n?st?ks/n.體操,體操訓(xùn)練gymnasium/d??m?ne?zi?m/n.體育館，健身房（縮寫：gym）【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】stretch/stret?/(1)vt.&vi.伸展,舒展;拉長;伸出;（使）延伸【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】muscle/?m?sl/(1)n.肌肉,肌【知識(shí)點(diǎn)四】range/re?nd?/(1)n.一系列;范圍,界限;射程;視覺（或聽覺）范圍常見搭配：arangeof一系列,各種in/withinrange（ofsth.）在（某物的）范圍內(nèi)outof/beyondrange（ofsth.）超出（某物的）范圍(2)vi.變化,變動(dòng);包括（各種不同的人或物）vt.（按一定位置或順序）排列,排序常見搭配：rangefrom…to…從…到…;在…到…范圍之間變化rangebetween…and…在…到…之間rangeinage/size/pricefrom…to…年齡/尺寸/價(jià)格在…到…間變動(dòng)注意：range作名詞時(shí)還可以表示"山脈",amountainrange意為"一條山脈"。[練習(xí)]（1）Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________（range）frombutterfliestoelephants.（2）Brookssurveysawiderange_________disciplines（[?d?s?pl?nz]學(xué)科）tofindthereasonwhysomestudentsarehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t.（3）Thepricerangesbetween＄25_________＄400.（4）Itis_________rangeofmyability,soI'msorryIcan’thelpyou.（5）在這本小冊子里,你可以看到各種名牌運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的最新款式,價(jià)格從60美元到200美元不等。Inthesmallbrochure（[?br????(r)]）,youcanseethelatestmodelsofsneakers（[?sni?k?(r)]）ofdifferentfamousbrands,____________________________________＄60to＄200.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)五】movement/?mu?vm?nt/(1)n.活動(dòng),轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);移動(dòng);運(yùn)動(dòng)7.Aboveall,chooseactivitiesyouenjoybecause,inthisway,you’remorelikelytostickwiththem.最重要的是,選擇你喜歡的活動(dòng),因?yàn)檫@樣你更有可能堅(jiān)持下去?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】stickwith(1)堅(jiān)持,持續(xù)（及物動(dòng)詞短語,后面要帶賓語）(2)與stick相關(guān)短語：stickat堅(jiān)持不懈地做stickout伸出;突出,顯眼stickto堅(jiān)持（真理等）,堅(jiān)持干（某事）,忠于（to為介詞）stickup豎起;向上突起stickupfor為…辯護(hù),支持,擁護(hù)get/bestuckin（＝get/becaughtin）被陷在…,被卡在…stickbysb（當(dāng)某人做錯(cuò)事或遇到困難時(shí)）繼續(xù)支持;忠于某人[練習(xí)]（1）Stick_________meuntilwegetoutofthecrowd.（2）Ifyoustick_________thetruth,youwillhavenothingtofear.（3）Perhapsheshouldhavestuck_________writing.（4）陷在雪里的汽車發(fā)動(dòng)不起來。Thecar____________________________________snowcouldn’tstart.8.Foodslikenoodles,rice,fruitandvegetablesgiveyourbodyplentyofcarbohydratestokeepupyourenergyduringalongworkout.像面條、大米、水果和蔬菜這樣的食物給你的身體提供大量的碳水化合物,它們可以在長時(shí)間的鍛煉中維持你的能量供給?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】carbohydrate/?kɑ?b???ha?dre?t/(1)n.碳水化合物,糖類【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】energy/?en?d?i/(1)n.[U]能,能量;能源;活力[pl.]精力常見搭配：fullofenergy精力充沛;充滿活力nuclear（[?nju?kli?(r)]）/solar（[?s??l?(r)]）/renewableenergy核能/太陽能/可再生能源(2)energeticadj.精力充沛的;充滿活力的(3)辨析：易混詞含義例句energy指人的"精力",也指"能量;活力",多用作不可數(shù)名詞It’sawasteoftimeandenergy.strength著重指人的"體力",也指"實(shí)力;優(yōu)勢"Hepushedagainsttherockwithallhisstrength.force指外力或武力,也指物理意義上的"力"Theriotersweretakenawaybyforce.power泛指一切力量、能力、權(quán)力等,側(cè)重本領(lǐng)或職權(quán)Thepartycametopoweratthelastelection.[練習(xí)]（1）Youare____________（energy）.Canyoutellmethesecret?（2）許多國家正在增加對(duì)天然氣、風(fēng)能和其他形式能源的使用。Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,_______________________________________________________________.（3）用energy,strength,force或power的適當(dāng)形式填空1）Intheolddays,manykingscameto_________by_________.2）Everyonehashisown_________andweaknesses.3）Withtimeand_________saved,childrencanpursue（[p??sju?]追求）theirowninterests.9.Whentoeatisalsoofgreatimportance.什么時(shí)候吃也很重要?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】isofgreatimportance很重要be+of+n.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以做表語或后置定語。該結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)是否有對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞可以分為兩類:①可以轉(zhuǎn)化為同根形容詞的:此時(shí),"of+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)用來說明句子的主語所具有的作用、重要性或意義等。這類名詞有value,importance,use,help,benefit,significance（[s?ɡ?n?f?k?ns]重要性）等,名詞前可用great,little,some,no,much等來修飾,用來說明程度。E.g.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.＝Themeetingisveryimportant.②不可以轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的:此時(shí),"of+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)用來說明句子的主語在重量、大小、顏色、類別等方面的特征。這類名詞有colour,age,size,height,length（[le?kθ]）,weight,shape,type,quality等,名詞前可用different,thesame,a(n)等來修飾。E.g.Coinsmaybeofdifferentsizes,weights,shapesandmetals.③"beof+抽象名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式一般采用否定名詞的做法,即"beofno+名詞"。E.g.AsfarasthestudyofEnglishwasconcerned,whathesaidwasofnouse.[練習(xí)]（1）Mothers’labour（[?le?b?(r)]勞動(dòng)）is_________highervaluethanitisrealized.（2）Whathesaidatthemeetingwas___________________________（很有價(jià)值）.（3）Thediscoveryofthenewdrugis___________________________（非常重要）topeoplewhosufferfromhearttrouble.（4）Pleasegivethesethingstocharities.Theyare___________________________（沒有用）tome.（5）MysisterandIare___________________________（一樣高）.9.Ingeneral,youshouldhaveyourmealanaverageof1.5to2.5hoursbeforeexercising.一般來說,你應(yīng)該在進(jìn)食后平均等上1.5到2.5個(gè)小時(shí)再運(yùn)動(dòng)?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】averagen.平均數(shù);一般水準(zhǔn);平均水平常見搭配：anaverageof…平均有…theaverageof……的平均數(shù)uptotheaverage達(dá)到平均水平on（an/the）average平均來看above/below（the）average在平均水平以上/以下adj.平均的;正常的,普通的;典型的(3)linkingv.平均為注意：“anaverageof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“theaverageof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。[練習(xí)]（1）_________average,wereceivefiveletterseachday.（2）Thepricesarealittle_________average,butthey’reofthehighestquality.（3）寫出average在句子中的詞性和詞義1）Scientistsbelievetheworld’saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1990._______________2）Theboatsremainatseaforanaverageoftendaysatatime._______________3）Therewasnothingspecialaboutthemeal;itwasaverage._______________10.Remembertodrinkthroughoutexercisetomakeupforwaterlosttosweat.記住運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)全程都要喝水,以彌補(bǔ)流汗所造成的水分流失?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】throughout/θru??a?t/(1)prep.&adv.自始至終;各處,遍及(2)常見搭配：throughoutthenight一整夜throughoutone’slife某人畢生;某人的一生中throughoutthecountry遍及全國(3)辨析：through與throughoutthrough意為"穿過;貫穿";throughout意為"在…各處;遍及",比through更強(qiáng)調(diào)"完全"。throughout與allthrough或者allover同義。throughouttheworld/allovertheworld/allthroughtheworld全世界【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】makeupfor(1)補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ)(2)與make相關(guān)的短語：makeup構(gòu)成,組成;編造;創(chuàng)作;布置;化妝;和好,和解bemadeupof由…構(gòu)成,組成makeout理解;辨清bemadeof/from由…制成(3)辨析：makeup與makeupformakeup和makeupfor都有"彌補(bǔ)"的意思。區(qū)別在于:makeup表示彌補(bǔ)耽誤了的事或補(bǔ)上、湊齊某事物。側(cè)重于用謊言或不實(shí)的東西掩蓋。makeupfor表示用其他方式來進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ),使其平衡（彌補(bǔ)因過去某些原因而耽誤的時(shí)間或?qū)δ橙说奶澢罚┎粌H僅是說"用某物去彌補(bǔ)某物"。[練習(xí)]（1）Ithinkit'sveryunkindofyoutomake_________storiesabouthim.（2）Herbeautycan’tmakeup_________herstupidity（[stju??p?d?ti]愚蠢）.（3）Iheardthevoices,butcouldn’tmake_________whattheyweresaying.（4）醫(yī)療隊(duì)由十二名醫(yī)生組成。Themedicalteam____________________________________twelvedoctors.（5）好天氣彌補(bǔ)了組織上的不足。Thegoodweather___________________________thebadorganization.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】sweat/swet/n.汗水vi.&vi.出汗,流汗sweatyadj.被汗水濕透的10.Avoidinginjury避免受傷【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】injury/??nd??ri/(1)n.傷害,損傷常見搭配：dosb.aninjury傷害某人beaninjurytosb.傷害…;危害…;對(duì)…有害(2)injurev.損害;傷害(3)injuredadj.受傷的常見搭配：theinjured傷員getinjured受傷(4)辨析：易混詞含義例句injury多指對(duì)身體、機(jī)能等的傷害,尤指意外事故中的"傷害"Heescapedfromthetrainwreckwithoutinjury.wound多指戰(zhàn)斗、攻擊中所造成的"傷;傷口"Thesoldierreceivedawoundintheleg.hurt普通用語,多指精神上的"創(chuàng)傷"Therewashurtandangerinhervoice.harm多指給人的身體或精神帶來的"傷害"Hewouldneverfrightenanyoneorcausethemanyharm.[練習(xí)]（1）--Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyour_________（injure）?--ShesaidIshouldavoiddoingtoomuchexercise.（2）車禍中小汽車司機(jī)的胳膊和腿受到嚴(yán)重的傷害。Thedriverofthecarreceived__________________tothearmsandlegsinthetrafficaccident.11.Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.為了防止軟組織受傷,在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)一定要穿合適的衣服并配備適當(dāng)?shù)难b備?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】prevent/pr??vent/(1)vt.阻止,阻礙常見搭配：preventsbfromdoing…阻止某人做某事(2)preventionn.阻止【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】tissue/?t??u?/(1)n.（人、動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞的）組織;（尤指用作手帕的）紙巾,手巾紙【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】equipment/??kw?pm?nt/(1)n.設(shè)備[U];配備,裝備常見搭配：apieceofequipment一件設(shè)備firefightingequipment消防設(shè)備officeequipment辦公設(shè)備(2)equipv.裝備;配備;使有知識(shí)和技能;使能夠勝任常見搭配：equip…with…用…裝備…;為…配備…beequippedwith…裝備…;具備…equiponeselfwithsth.使自己準(zhǔn)備好某物equipsb.for（doing）sth.使某人為（做）某事而準(zhǔn)備equipsth.for…為…而裝備某物beequippedtodo配有裝備以做…well/poorlyequipped裝備精良的/較差的[練習(xí)]（1）Isitapieceof_________（equip）forthekitchen?（2）Itisrequiredthatallthevehicle（[?vi??kl]車輛）companiesshouldequiptheircars_________safetybelts.（3）你的培訓(xùn)將使你能夠?yàn)閷淼墓ぷ髯龊脺?zhǔn)備。Yourtrainingwill_________you_________yourfuturejob.為了考試,請給自己準(zhǔn)備一支鋒利的鉛筆和一塊橡皮。Please___________________________asharppencilandarubberfortheexam.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】whenexercisingthat賓語從句中省略形式的時(shí)間狀語從句,補(bǔ)充完整為whenyouareexercising狀語從句的省略句式：一般來說,省略現(xiàn)象常出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中:由when,while,as,till,until,once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;由if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;由though,although,evenif,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;由as,than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句;由as,asif,asthough等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。上述狀語從句在省略時(shí),要遵循以下原則:①當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí),可以省略狀語從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞,這時(shí)從句中可以出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu):連詞+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞連詞+過去分詞連詞+不定式E.g.Workhardwhen（youare）young,oryou’llregret.②當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語不一致,但從句的主語是it,從句中又含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí),可以把it和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。E.g.If（itis）necessary,Iwillcometoseeyouofftomorrow.③掌握下列短語:ifany如果有的話;ifso如果是這樣的話;ifever如果曾經(jīng)有的話;ifnot如果不這樣的話。E.g.Whataction,ifany,doyoutake?注意：對(duì)狀語從句的省略的考查主要是讓考生判斷連詞后面用哪種非謂語形式，解這類題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚從句中的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(即主句的主語)之間的關(guān)系，如果是主謂關(guān)系通常要用現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系通常要用過去分詞。[練習(xí)]（1）Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_________（carry）outregularly,canimproveourhealth.（2）--Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?--Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorderas_________（tell）.（3）Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine.If_________,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.（4）Unless_________（invite）,hewillnotcomebacktothecompany.（5）Once_________（publish）,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.（6）Youshouldbecarefulwhile_________（cross）theroad.Shegavemeacomfortingsmile,nodded___________________________（當(dāng)耐心地聽的時(shí)候）,andthenprintedouttheticketimmediately.__________________（如果有必要）,youshouldturntoyourparentsforhelp.12.Othersworkoutforhoursattheweekendtomakeupfortheirlackofexerciseduringtheweekdays.另一些人在工作日缺乏鍛煉，作為彌補(bǔ)，他們在周末鍛煉幾個(gè)小時(shí)?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】lack/l?k/(1)n.缺乏；短缺；匱乏常見搭配：（a）lackof...缺乏......forlackof因缺乏…(2)vt.&vi.沒有,缺乏,不足,短缺常見搭配：lack（for）nothing沒有欠缺lackingadj.缺少的；不足的；不在場；得不到常見搭配：belackingin缺少（后加表示抽象概念的名詞,如patience,confidence）注意：lack可作及物動(dòng)詞，后直接跟賓語，但通常不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)[練習(xí)]（1）Thetripwascancelledthroughlack_________interest.（2）_________（lack）inexperience,helostthejob.（3）因?yàn)闆]錢,這個(gè)人小時(shí)候沒有上學(xué)。1）Themandidn’tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoungbecausehe___________________________（lackv.）2）Themandidn’tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoung____________________________________（lackn.）【Grammarandusage】1.WearehappytoannouncethattheCommunitySportsCentrewillsoonbeopentothepubliconceagain!我們很高興地宣布,社區(qū)體育中心不久將再次向公眾開放!【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】announce/??na?ns/(1)vt.宣布;宣告（決定,計(jì)劃等）;通知;聲稱常見搭配：announcesth.（tosb.）（向某人）宣布/宣告某事Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布......(2)announcementn.（一項(xiàng)）公告；布告；通告；宣布常見搭配：makeanannouncement發(fā)布公告(3)announcern.播音員注意：announce后不能跟雙賓語，即沒有announcesb.sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用announcesth.tosb.。(4)辨析：易混詞區(qū)別例句announce多指提前宣布或公開宣告大家關(guān)心的事或某事預(yù)示著……的到來Wearepleasedtoannouncethatallfivecandidatesweresuccessful.declare[d??kle?(r)]一般指在正式場合宣布官方的立場或態(tài)度，后面可跟復(fù)合賓語。還有“斷言，宣稱”之意Theresultoftheelectionwillbedeclaredsoon.[練習(xí)]（1）An__________________（announce）willbemadesoononthebulletin（[?b?l?t?n]布告）board.（2）Beforethehostess___________________________（宣布獲勝者）,sheaskedtheaudiencetocalmdown.（3）____________________________________（據(jù)宣布）onlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidents（[?rez?d?nt]居民）bepermitted（[p??m?t]允許）toreturntotheirhomes.（4）用announce或declare的適當(dāng)形式填空1）Footsteps（腳步聲）_________hisreturn.Shallwegoandmeethim?2）Thebrightflowersandwarmwinds_________thatspringishere.3）Jane_________thatshewouldratherresignthanchangeherdecision.4）Thenewswas_________byCCTV.5）Thegovernmenthas_________warondrugdealers（[?dr?ɡdi?l?(r)]毒品走私犯）.2.Thefinishingtouchesarenowbeingputtoanewswimmingpoolandourworkoutroomshavebeenupdatedwithmodernequipment.新的游泳池進(jìn)行最后的裝修,我們的健身房也已經(jīng)更新了現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】putfinishingtouchesto(1)對(duì)…進(jìn)行最后的潤色或修飾【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】update/??pde?t/(1)vt.更新；是現(xiàn)代化；為......提供最新的情況/信息常見搭配：updatesth.更新某物updatesb.on...為某人提供最新......(2)n.最新消息,快訊(3)與date相關(guān)的短語：outofdate過時(shí)的uptodate最新的,時(shí)髦的make/haveadatewithsb.與某人約會(huì)set/fixadate確定日期datebackto＝datefrom追溯于;始于[練習(xí)]（1）Theminister’s（[?m?n?st?(r)]大臣）advisersupdatedher_________thesituation.（2）Iknowyouwillhaveadate_________Marytonight.（3）Theseworksmustdate_________themiddleofthe7thcentury.（4）我們一有消息我就會(huì)告訴他們。Iwouldjust___________________________anynewswemighthave.（5）那本書中的許多信息現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。Muchoftheinformationinthatbookisnow___________________________.3.Inresponsetopublicinterest,ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions,includingmoderndance.為了滿足公眾的喜好,我們的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)課程已經(jīng)停開,取而代之的是一些有趣的課程,包括現(xiàn)代舞。【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】response(1)n.回答;反應(yīng)常見搭配：inresponseto對(duì)…作出反應(yīng);滿足…的需要(2)respondvi.回答,回應(yīng);響應(yīng),作出反應(yīng)常見搭配：respondto對(duì)…作出回應(yīng)[練習(xí)]（1）Itwassometimebeforethedooropened_________responsetohisringingthedoorbell.（2）Likeanyotherpublicservants,thepolicemustrespond_________publicdemands.（3）這樣的小組規(guī)模適中,可以使老師們照顧到每一個(gè)學(xué)生的需求。Thismodestgroupsizeallowstheteachersto__________________theneedsofeachstudent.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】aerobic/e??r??b?k/(1)adj.有氧的;需氧的【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】replace(1)vt.代替,取代;用…替換;接替;更換,更新常見搭配：replaceAwith/byB用B替換A(2)placementn.替換;更換(3)replaceableadj.可代替的;可替換的(4)與place相關(guān)的短語：taketheplaceofsb/takeone’splace代替某人;取代某人（=replace）inplaceofsb/inone’splace代替某人;取代某人[練習(xí)]（1）Johnisillandhasbeenreplacedinourteam_________Tom.（2）Butthisisn’tanexcusetouseimages_________placeoftext.（3）Who’sgoingtotake_________（he）placeafterheleaves?4.Betterstill,wewillupdateourfitnesscourseseveryfewmonthssothatmorepopularcoursescanbeincluded.更棒的是,我們將每隔幾個(gè)月更新我們的健身課程，以便能涵蓋更多受歡迎的課程?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】sothatsothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，"以便,為了",從句中常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。E.g.Westartedoffearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,"因此,結(jié)果",從句中往往沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,而且主從句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開。E.g.Hewasveryhumorous,sothatwelikedhimverymuch.(3)inorderthat也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,常與sothat互換,sothat一般不用于句首,而inorderthat可用于句首。(4)當(dāng)sothat/inorderthat引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句中的主語一致時(shí),可將從句簡化為soasto/inorderto結(jié)構(gòu)。注意:soasto不能放在句首,而inorderto可以放在句首。[練習(xí)]（1）Heleftearlysothathecouldavoidthetrafficjam.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1）Heleftearly___________________________hecouldavoidthetrafficjam.2）Heleftearly___________________________avoidthetrafficjam.3）___________________________avoidthetrafficjam,heleftearly.4.Welookforwardtoseeingyouhere!我們期待在這里見到你！【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】lookforwardto期望，期待詞短語中的to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing類似的動(dòng)詞短語:get/beusedto習(xí)慣于objectto反對(duì)stickto堅(jiān)持devote…to獻(xiàn)身于，致力于getdownto開始認(rèn)真考慮；著手處理payattentionto注意contributeto促成，導(dǎo)致leadto導(dǎo)致；通向[練習(xí)]（1）Hewaslookingforwardto_________（work）withtheman.（2）我現(xiàn)在期望盡早回到工作崗位。Inowlookforwardto__________________toworkassoonaspossible.（3）時(shí)間所剩不多了,讓我們開始修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器吧。There’snotmuchtimeleft.Let'sgetdownto___________________________.（4）我從來沒有習(xí)慣于這么晚上床睡覺。Inevergotusedto___________________________solate.【語法】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用場合：誰做的動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰做的沒必要，動(dòng)作承受者須強(qiáng)調(diào)。2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)：①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語為am/is/aredoing被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語為am/is/arebeingdone。③beunder/in…+n."可用來表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)含義,如isunderconstruction表示isbeingconstructed;isinpreparation表示isbeingprepared。3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)：①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與一些表示不確定的時(shí)間的狀語連用,如:just,already,yet,ever,recently,lately,sofar,upto/tillnow,inthelast/pastfewdays/years等。②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與"since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)"或"for+時(shí)間段"等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。注意：謂語動(dòng)詞需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞③表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為一種經(jīng)歷,常與twice,ever,never,threetimes,before等時(shí)間狀語連用。④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用句型Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句用一般過去時(shí)）It/This/Thatisthefirst/second/…timethatsbhave/hasdone…This/That/Itis+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+定語從句（從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）⑤現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語為have/has+過去分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語為have/hasbeen+過去分詞4、不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況①所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。②表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have,own等。④表示"希望、意圖、喜好"的動(dòng)詞,如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。⑥賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等,謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義①當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時(shí);②當(dāng)cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作為不及物動(dòng)詞表示主語內(nèi)在"品質(zhì)"或"性能"時(shí);當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示"開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)"等意義時(shí)。③當(dāng)happen,occur,breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等動(dòng)詞（短語）表示"發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定"等意思時(shí)。④want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。⑤beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。[練習(xí)]1.Mywashingmachine__________________（repair）now,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.2.Anewcinema__________________（build）here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.3.Uptonow,thenovel__________________（translate）intomanylanguagesandisknownallovertheworld.4.Itisreportedthatmanynewhouses__________________（build）inthisarea.5.ThisisthefirsttimethatI__________________（invite）toLondon.6.Suchathinghasnever__________________（hear）ofbefore.7.Theprofessorisdelighted（[d??la?t]高興）tofindthattwothirdsoftheproject__________________（finish）bythestudentsindependently.8.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhat__________________（mark）.9.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse__________________（rebuild）.10.Inrecentyears,stress__________________（regard）asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.【Integratedskills，Extendedreading，Project，Assessment，F(xiàn)urtherstudy】1.Cannotconcentrateatschool在校時(shí)注意力無法集中【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】concentrate(1)v.集中;聚精會(huì)神;集合常見搭配：concentrateon/upon（doing）sth.專心于（做）某事concentrateone’smind/attention/energy/effortson集中某人的注意力于;集中某人的精力于(2)concentrationn.集中;專心;關(guān)注(3)其他表“專心于，集中于”的短語：focus/fixone'sattentiononputone'smindtoputone'sheartintobeabsorbedinbelostinapplyoneself/one'smindto[練習(xí)]（1）Hewasexpectedtoconcentrate_________hisstudiesandmakesomethingofhimself.（2）Ifyouapplyyourself_________thejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.（3）Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheart_________it.（4）Sheisabsorbed_________music.（5）Westudentsmustconcentrateoureffortson_________（improve）ourgrades.（6）你必須專注于提高你的英語水平。Youmustconcentrateyourattentionon___________________________.2.I'vebeenfeelingabitundertheweatherrecently.我最近感覺有點(diǎn)不舒服?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】undertheweather(1)略有不適,不舒服2.PlusItakepartinalotofafter-schoolactivities.而且我參加了很多課外活動(dòng)?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】plus/pl?s/(1)conj.而且，此外(2)prep.加；和【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】takepartin(1)參加；參與(2)常見搭配：takepartin(doing)sth.參加/參與（做）某事takeanactivepartin積極地參加......takealeadingpartin在......中起帶頭作用(3)辨析：易混詞(組)區(qū)別participatein“參加，參與”,正式用語。強(qiáng)調(diào)參加某一共同的活動(dòng)，暗示以一種積極的態(tài)度參加attend正式用語，一般指參加/出席會(huì)議、典禮或招待會(huì)等，也可指上學(xué)、上課、聽演講或講座等join及物動(dòng)詞。通常指參加某組織或團(tuán)體并成為其中的一員，也可指加入到別人正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或活動(dòng)中去takepartin指參加群眾性的活動(dòng)，側(cè)重于主語參加該活動(dòng)并在其中發(fā)揮一定作用。part前若有修飾語，則要加不定冠詞，如takeanactivepartinjoinin指參加某一活動(dòng)，其賓語一般是小規(guī)模的競賽、娛樂、談話、討論、聚會(huì)、游戲等名詞[練習(xí)]（1）Atthattime,theproblemofwhetherweshouldtakepart_________theOlympicGamesornotarose（[??r??z]出現(xiàn)）.（2）Everyoneintheclassisexpectedtoparticipate_________thesediscussions.（3）Hiswifeandchildrencametojoin_________theparty.（4）Sheactivelyparticipatedinlocalpolitics.（用part改寫句子）She____________________________________inlocalpolitics.（5）他們都參加了這次比賽。Theyall___________________________thecompetition.（6）因?yàn)樯∷蛱鞗]上學(xué)。Hedidn’t_________schoolyesterdaybecauseofhisillness.3.I’malsoconcernedaboutmoney.我還擔(dān)心錢?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)一】concern(1)v.（使）擔(dān)憂;涉及;關(guān)系到(2)n.擔(dān)心;關(guān)心(3)concernedadj.擔(dān)心的;憂慮的;感興趣的;關(guān)注的,關(guān)切的常見搭配：asfaras…beconcerned就…而言beconcernedabout/for（＝concernoneselfabout/for）對(duì)…擔(dān)心/關(guān)心beconcernedwithsb./sth.（＝concernoneselfwithsb./sth.）與某人/某事有關(guān)(4)concerningprep.關(guān)于;涉及[練習(xí)]（1）Presentatthemeetingwereheadmastersoftheschools_________（concern）.（2）Thebookismainlyconcerned_________thesituationinthatcountry.（3）ThePresidentexpressedgreatconcern_________thetrafficaccident.（4）父母關(guān)心他們孩子們的安全。Parents___________________________theirchildren’ssafety.5.Imaginejoggingalongthesamepatheverymorning,repeatingthesamemovementdayafterdayandhavingnoonetotalkto!想象一下,每天早上沿著同一條小路慢跑,日復(fù)一日地重復(fù)同樣的動(dòng)作,卻沒有人可以交談!【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】jogging/?d??ɡ??/(1)n.慢跑鍛煉【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】havingnoonetotalkto(1)"have+賓語+todo"結(jié)構(gòu)，todo是不定式做定語,have意為"有",不定式動(dòng)作由主語發(fā)出,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。(2)havesth.done中過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示被動(dòng)的含義,有時(shí)也可用getsth.done來替換,該結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是"使某事被做",有時(shí)翻譯成"請人做某事"或"主語遭遇到某事"。(3)havesb.dosth.讓某人/某物做某事,表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或某次具體的動(dòng)作,不定式必須省略to。賓語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。(4)havesb./sth.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事/讓某物一直處于某種狀態(tài)注意：havesth./sb.todo中，如果不定式所接動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則其后一定要帶上介詞。[練習(xí)]（1）Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain_________（catch）.（2）DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire,EmperorQinShihuanghadallthewalls_________（join）up.（3）Thetwomenhadthelights_________（burn）allnightlong.（4）I’llhavethegardener_________（plant）sometrees.（5）讓機(jī)器一直不停地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不是一個(gè)好主意。Itisnotagoodideato____________________________________allthetime.（6）她提醒我那天晚上我有一個(gè)會(huì)議要參加。SheremindsmethatI_____________________________________________thatevening.6.Whatwouldyoudoinmyposition?你要是碰到我這種情況會(huì)怎么做?【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】position/p??z??n/(1)n.處境;位置;姿勢;觀點(diǎn);地位;適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?2)常見搭配：in/outofposition在/不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕na（n）...position在…...的位置/處境5.WhenmyfriendfirstsuggestedthatwejointhenewTaiChiClubatschool,Ihesitated.當(dāng)我的朋友第一次建議我們加入學(xué)校新成立的太極拳俱樂部時(shí),我猶豫了。【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】suggestthat(1)suggest作"建議"講時(shí),后面的從句要用虛擬語氣,即（should+）do;作"暗示,表明"講時(shí),其后的從句用陳述語氣。(2)常見搭配：suggest（doing）sth.建議（做）某事suggeststh.tosb.向某人建議某事Itissuggestedthatsb.（should）dosth.人們建議某人做某事。(3)suggestionn.建議注意：advise/advice,propose/proposal,order,command,demand,require,request,insist,recommend后接的that從句謂語通常用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。[練習(xí)]（1）It’ssuggestedthathe_________（ask）histeacherforhelp.（2）Hesuggested_________（go）outforawalk.（3）Herexpressionsuggestedthatshe_________（be）angry.（4）Isuggesthe_________（go）totherailwaystationearlierincasehemissesthetrain.（5）他的建議是我們首先說服她待在這兒。Hissuggestionisthatwe__________________hertostayherefirst.（6）命令士兵立即出發(fā)。Itisorderedthatsoldiers___________________________atonce.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】taichi(1)n.太極拳,太極【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】hesitate/?hez?te?t/(1)v.猶豫,遲疑不決;顧慮,疑慮常見搭配：hesitatetodosth.遲疑做某事;不愿做某事hesitateabout/in/at/ov