初中英語(yǔ)2024屆中考復(fù)習(xí)前綴后綴匯總

中考英語(yǔ)前后綴匯總一、前綴前綴用在詞根前面以改變?cè)~的意義，一般不改變?cè)~性。1.否定前綴un-unhappy,unusual,unfair,unlike,unfriendly,uncomfortable,uncrowded,uneasy,unexpected,unlucky,unbelievable,unable,unforgettable。im-impolite,impossible。in-inexpensive,incorrect,informaldis-dislike,disappointed,discover,discourage,dishonest,disappear,disbelief,disadvantage,disabledoir-irregular2.其它前綴re-（表示再，又）review,recycle,return,reuse,reusable,researchinter-（表示在之間，相互）interview,internet,internationalunder-（表示低于）underwear,undergroundbi-（表示兩）bicycleIdon'tfeelhappy也可以說(shuō)成Ifeelunhappyounlike是介詞，dislike是動(dòng)詞，在使用時(shí)必須注意。另外，含有否定前綴的詞用在反義疑問(wèn)句中，后面簡(jiǎn)短的一般疑問(wèn)句照樣要用否定的，如:LThat'simpossible,isn'tit?2.Hefeelsunlucky,doesn"the?二、后綴后綴用在詞根后面以改變?cè)~性。.動(dòng)詞變成名詞在一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面加上某一個(gè)后綴，使之變?yōu)槊~。①動(dòng)詞+er/or7ist/ress（表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）+erteach-teacher,work-worker,read-reader,think-thinker,perform-performer,wait-waiter,sing-singer,play-player,cook-cooker,record-recorder,keep-keeper,1isten-1istener,farm-farmer,climb-climber,lead-leader,speak-speaker,report-reporter,clean-cleaner,help-helper以e結(jié)尾的單詞，+rwrite-writer,drive-driver,dance-dancer,ride-rider,rule-ruler,manage-manager,make-maker重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，元音發(fā)短音時(shí)，雙寫尾字母，再+errun-runner,win-winner,travel-travel(1)er+orvisit-visitor,act-actor,invent-inventor,compete-competitor,translate-translator,direct-director+isttour-tourist+resswait-waitress,act-actress②動(dòng)詞+tionact-action,suggest—suggestion,communicate-communication,invite-invitation,pollute-pollution,compete-competition,predict-prediction,invent-invention,prepare-preparation,protect-protection,celebrate-ce1ebration,direct-direction,educate-education,examine-examination,inspire-inspiration,introduce-introduction,produce-production,graduate-graduation,pronounce-pronunciation③動(dòng)詞+ingdraw-drawing,paint-painting,build-building,say-saying,cross-crossing,happen-happening,end-ending,mean-meaning,feel-feeling,begin-beginning,open-opening④動(dòng)詞+mentagree-agreement,disagree-disagreement,develop-development,improve-improvement,encourage-encouragement,punish-punishment,achieve-achievement,manage-management⑤動(dòng)詞+anceappear-appearance,disappear-disappearance⑥動(dòng)詞+sionexpress-expression,discuss-discussion,decide-decision在句子中，如果作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，就要把動(dòng)詞改為名詞。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Heisabasketball(play).Thankyouforyour(invite).Theteacherispleasedwithhis(improve)inEnglish..名詞變成形容詞在一個(gè)名詞后面加上某一個(gè)后綴，使之變?yōu)樾稳菰~。①名詞+fulthank-thankful,help-helpful,care-careful,use-useful,hope-hopeful,beauty-beautiful,wonder-wonderful,pain-painful,harm-harmful,success-successful,truth-truthful②名詞+lesshelp-helpless,hope-hopeless,use-useless,care-careless,harm-harmless③名詞+yrain-rainy,wind-windy,snow-snowy,sun-sunny,fog-foggy,ice-icy,health-healthy,luck-lucky,noise-noisy,sleep-sleepy,thirst-thirsty,hunger-hungry④名詞+lyweek-weekly,love-lovely,friend-friendly,live-lively⑤名詞+alperson-personal,music-musical,tradition-traditiona1,center-central,nature-natural,culture-cultural,digit-digital,accident-accidental,education-educational,profession-professional,nation-national,medicine-medical,environment-environmental⑥名詞+ousdanger-dangerous,humor-humorous,fame-famous,mystery-mysterious⑦名詞+erneast-eastern,west-western,south-southern,north-northern,southeast-southeastern⑧名詞+enwood-wooden,wool-woolen,go1d-go1den⑨名詞+ishfool-foolish,self-selfish⑩名詞以ce結(jié)尾，把ce改為tsilence-silent,patience-patient,confidence-confident,importance-important,convenience-convenient在句子中，如果作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，很可能要把名詞變成形容詞。.Lookafteryourselfandkeep(health)..Theyaretalkingabout(healthy)problem..Youshouldeat(health)food..Playingbasketballkeepsme(health)..Weshoulddomoresportandeat(health)..動(dòng)詞變成形容詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞可作形容詞，或在動(dòng)詞后加上某些后綴也可變成形容詞。①動(dòng)詞+ing(即現(xiàn)在分詞)move-moving,care-caring,understand-understanding,burn-burning,freeze-freezing,fascinate-fascinating,embarrass-embarrassing,surprise-surprising,bore-boring,tire-tiring,excite-exciting,interest-interesting,disappoint-disappointing,frighten-fTightening,boil-boiling②動(dòng)詞+ed(即過(guò)去分詞)move-moved,burn-burned(或burnt),freeze-frozen,embarrass-embarrassed,disappoint-disappointed,surprise-surprised,bore-bored,tire-tired,worry-worried,excite-excited,interest-interested,frighten-frightened,boil-boiled③動(dòng)詞+ableunderstand-understandable,forget-forgettable,enjoy-enjoyable,comfort-comfortable,value-valuable,believe-believable動(dòng)詞和形容詞在句子中的作用不同，在使用時(shí)要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況作出變化，當(dāng)然也要區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞所作的形容詞，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，多數(shù)形容事物；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已經(jīng)完成，多數(shù)形容人。如；Iam(bore)withthe(bore)job.Hefoundthenews(excite).Onlywhensomethingislostdowefindit(value)..形容詞變成副詞除了一些形容詞、副詞同形的詞，如early/late/fast/high/far/hard等以外，大多數(shù)形容詞后面加上ly變成副詞，不過(guò)有些要作改變，注意不同的變化情況。(Dcareful-carefully,real-really,wide-widely,wise-wisely,polite-politely,loud-loudly,gradual-gradually,general-generally,most-mostly,cheap-cheaply,special-specially,certain-certainly,sudden-suddenly,recent-recently,different-differently,complete-completely,beautiful-beautifully,total-totally,slow-slowly,quick-quickly（2）happy-happily,easy-easily,heavy-heavily,angry-angrily,lucky-luckily,healthy-healthily,noisy-noisily③simple-simply,gentle-gently,possible-possibly,probable-probably,comfortable-comfortably,terrible-terribly④true-truly形容詞作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)，而副詞作狀語(yǔ)。Thatthingmade（使）mehappy.（形容詞作賓補(bǔ)）Theyaremaking（制作）cardshappily.（副詞作狀語(yǔ)）Weliveahappylife.（形容詞作定語(yǔ)）Sheseemsveryhappy.（形容詞作表語(yǔ)）.形容詞變成名詞形容詞后面加上后綴ness/th/ity等可變回名詞。①good-goodness,kind-kindness,ill-illness,sick-sickness,sad-sadness,shy-shyness,fair-fairness,busy-business,careful-carefulness,careless-carelessness（2）warm-warmth,long-length,w