2023名校版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精讀附答案47

2023名校版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精

讀附答案

Formorethanadecade,ateamofresearchershavestudied

thedynamicsoftheGreenlandIceSheetasitrespondstoa

warmingclimate.Butwhilemuchoftheirfocushasbeenon

watersimpactsonicesheetchange,theirmostrecentresearch

findingshaveoverturnedtheorderoftheirthinking.

Meierbachtol,Harperandtheirteamdiscoveredthatchangesin

theicesheethavearealimpactonthemassivegroundwater

systemunderlyingGreenland.

Thislatestdiscoveryoccurredthankstoamarriageofdrilling

techniques.Internationalcooperatorsmadeanangledhole650

metersthroughbedrockunderneathaGreenlandglacier（冰川）to

measuregroundwaterconditionsundertheice.Meanwhile,

researchersdrilled32holesfromatoptheglacier,throughnearly

akilometerofice,tomeasurewaterconditionsatthearea

betweeniceandbedrock,whichformsanimportantboundary

controllinggroundwaterflowbelow.Afterdrilling,theteam

fixedsensorsintheicecolumnandattheicesheetbedto

measureicedynamicsandwaterconditionsaswaterflowsunder

theice.

"Bystudyingareascoveredbyice10,000yearsago,wehave

knownthatthehugemassandvastamountsofwaterfrom

meltingicecanimpacttheunderlyinggroundwater,H

Meierbachtolsaid."It'sgenerallyacceptedthatthe

groundwaterissleepingoverdecadestocenturiesandits

responsetoicesheetchangeislong:thousandsofyears.But

whatwe'veshownhereisthatitisimmediate/1

Thisnewunderstandingcouldhaveimportantsubsequent

effectsonhowGreenland,sthinningimpactstheArctic.The

thinningicecouldreducetherateofgroundwaterflowtothe

ocean,changingthewatertemperatureandsalinity（鹽

度）balancethatisimportantforoceancirculation（循環(huán)）patterns.

"InthinkingaboutthecomplexfeedbacksfromGreenland's

ongoingchange,wehavereallyignoredthegroundwater

component,HHarpersaid.

8.Howdotheresearchersfeelabouttheresultoftherecent

study?

A.Satisfied.

B.Disappointed.

C.Surprised.

D.Doubtful.

9.Whatcontributesmosttothenewresearchaboutthe

GreenlandIceSheet?

A.Fixingsensorsintoicesheet.

B.Closeinternationalcooperation.

C.Advancedrockdrillingtechnology.

D.Acombinationoftwodrillingapproaches.

10.Whatisamisunderstandingofthegroundwaterunder

glaciers?

A.Ithasaverylargevolume.

B.Itisinactiveforalongtime.

C.Itscomponentiscomplex.

D.Itstemperatureischangeable.

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WaterImpactstheGreenland,sIceSheet

B.LonglastingEffectsofGlobalWarmingontheArctic

C.NewlyDiscoveredGroundwaterResourcesinGreenland

D.Greenland,sGroundwaterChangeswithThinningIceSheet

8.C9.D10.B11.D

Machinepartscaneasilywearorcrack.Ifengineershadtheir

way,machineswouldhavenomovingpartsatall.Perhapsjust

onemovingcomponentwouldbeanacceptablesolution.

Suchmachinesarenowbeginningtoappear.Alloysof

galliumthatmeltbelowroomtemperaturearechosen.They

havethreeproperties:thehighestsurfacetensionsofanyknown

liquid,goodelectricalconductivity,andextremechemical

reactivity,intheformofawillingnesstodonateelectrons—a

processknownasoxidation—tonearbysubstances.

KouroshattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesusedthese

propertiestodesignamachinewithasinglemovingpart:a

continuous-flowreactor.Thisdeviceisacircular14cm-long

track,forreactantstoflowaround.Itwasinterruptedbyasingle

cavitycontainingadropletofliquidmetalconnectedtoan

electricalpowersource.Anelectricalcurrentappliedtothe

dropletproducesachangeinitssurfacetension.That,inturn,

leadstoapressuredifferencestrongenoughtopullreactants

across,allowingelectrondonationtohappenandthedesired

chemicalreactiontooccur.Thedeformationofthedropletasit

tensesandrelaxeswithinitscavitypumpstheresultantchemical

away,allowingfreshreactantstoflowinandtheprocessto

beginagain.

Theforcesproducedbysurfacetensiondominateatsmall

scales.Atlargerscalestheyaren7tsuperiortothosegenerated

byelectromagnetism,onwhichconventionalmotorsrely.This

meansthatliquidmetalengineeringwillbemostusefulfor

objectsthatareroughlycentimetre-sizeandbelow.Asthisis

wheremaintenanceandrepairsarethemostdemandingand

costly,suchafeatureisgoodnews.

Andeventhoughtheywilllikelybelimitedtosmallerdevices,

theappealofliquidmetalsiseasytosee.Theyexperiencenone

ofthewear-and-tearthateventuallycausesmachinepartsto

breakdown.Anydamagetheysufferisnaturallyself-healing.

Galliumalloys,moreover,areeasytomake,harmlesstothe

touch.Justtheticket,inotherwords,forcreativeengineers.

12.Whichisoneofthecharacteristicsofgalliumalloys?

A.Theirsurfacetensionsarelow.

B.Theyarealwaysreadytoattractelectrons.

C.日ectriccurrentspassthroughthemeasily.

D.Theychangetoliquidsonlybelowroomtemperature.

13.Whathappenstotheliquidmetalwhenconnectedto

electricityinparagraph3?

A.Itispulledaway.B.Itproducesnewchemicals.

C.Itsshapechanges.D.Itflowsaroundthetrack.

14.Whatdoestheunde