江蘇大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英語(yǔ)（二外）歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2015年江蘇大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英語(yǔ)（二外）考研真題及詳解

2016年江蘇大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英語(yǔ)（二外）考研真題及詳解

2017年江蘇大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英語(yǔ)（二外）考研真題及詳解

2018年江蘇大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英語(yǔ)（二外）考研真題及詳解

2015年江蘇大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英

語(yǔ)（二外）考研真題及詳解

PartⅠWriting(40minutes)(15%)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed40minutestowriteashortessayon

thefollowingquestion.Youshouldwriteatleast180words.

Childrenwhogrowupinfamilieswhichareshortofmoneyarebetter

preparedtodealwiththeproblemsofadultlifethanchildrenwhoarebrought

upbywealthyparents.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?(Writeyour

compositionontheanswersheet)

【參考范文】

Somefeelthatthechildrenoflowincomefamiliesarebetterequippedtodeal

withdifficultiesposedbythe“realworld”whentheygrowupandtheyalso

believetheprivilegedchildrenofwealthyfamiliesarelessfittodealwith

thesedifficulties.Theimplicationsandveracityofthisargumentseemself-

evident,butinfactrequirecloserexamination.

Thepopularwisdomisthatchildrenofpoorerfamilieslearnearlyonthe

valueofeverypenny,andarethusnaturallybettersuitedtostretchingmoney

whentimesgettoughinadulthood.Inversely,thechildrenofwealthy

families,thosebornwithasilverspoonintheirmouths,arebelievedtobe

completelyignorantofthevalueofmoney,havinghadeverythingprovided

forthemintheiryouthandoftentimeserroneouslyexpectingthesame

situationinadulthood.Theyarebelievedtobepronetooverspendingand

financialirresponsibility.Thisbelief,thoughlogical,overlooksonekeypoint

whichis,ofcourse,education.Bothwealthyandpoorchildrenareequally

likelytoacquireaneducationinmoney,whetheritisformal,orintheschool

ofhardknocks.Conversely,bothchildrenareaslikelytoignorethis

education.

Apoorchildmaybelievethatonecangetalong,ifnotaseasily,without

wealth.Awealthychildmaybewelltrainedbyaparentsteepedinthe

knowledgeofmoneymanagement;thekeytodevelopingthisskillis

education.

【解析】

分析題目要求，即對(duì)“窮人孩子早當(dāng)家”的觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表自己的看法。本文開(kāi)

篇首先點(diǎn)明這一觀點(diǎn)引出話(huà)題，并對(duì)此提出自己的看法，“這一觀點(diǎn)無(wú)

可厚非。但有待深入探討”。在接下來(lái)的一段中，作者對(duì)自己的這一論

點(diǎn)展開(kāi)詳細(xì)敘述，一方面肯定該觀點(diǎn)的合理性，一方面提出其不完善之

處。最后對(duì)上文所述做出總結(jié)，無(wú)論貧窮富有，理財(cái)能力的關(guān)鍵是教

育，從而深化主題。

PartⅡReadingComprehension(65minutes)(60%)

SectionA(10%)

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youare

requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina

wordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,the

informationage,theKnowledgeSociety.Italltranslatestoafundamental(1)

______inthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.

Thepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallen

(2)______inthewesternworld.Todaythe(3)______ofjobsinAmerica,

EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areinthe

serviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.More(4)______areinthe

workforcethaneverbefore.There’remorepart-timejobsandthebreadthof

theeconomic(5)______isnolongerbeingmeasuredbynumbersalone.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.No

onelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhicha

(6)______inventionofthechip,wouldtransformourworld(7)______toits

applicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactory

robots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnologyartificialintelligenceor

evensomestill(8)______technologycouldproduceasimilarwaveof

dramaticchange,butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewill

becomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewho(9)______it,whetherthey

workinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethe

wealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementasthe

abilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplying

informationinsteadof(10)______routinetaskswillbevaluedaboveall

else.

A.unimagined

B.predictable

C.majority

D.opportunities

E.women

F.thanks

G.recall

H.single

I.change

J.automatically

K.dramatically

L.performing

M.possess

N.general

O.utilizing

【答案與解析】

1.I句意為“這一切都意味著我們工作方式的根本改變?！惫蕬?yīng)填

change（變化，改變）。

2.K分析句子成分，基本成分主謂賓已有，故缺定狀補(bǔ)，又跟在動(dòng)詞

fall后面，則該處應(yīng)填副詞。automatically自動(dòng)地；機(jī)械地；無(wú)意識(shí)地。

dramatically戲劇地；顯著地，劇烈地。只有dramatically與句意相符，故

選K。

3.Cthemajorityof表示“……的大多數(shù)”，為固定用法。

4.E顯然此處缺少主語(yǔ)，且為名詞，選項(xiàng)中只有women最為合適，意

為“職場(chǎng)中女性較以往越來(lái)越多”。

5.D分析句子成分可知，在此應(yīng)填入名詞，與economic構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)，

因此填入opportunities。

6.H句意為“即使向后預(yù)測(cè)20年，可能也沒(méi)人可以預(yù)見(jiàn)到單一的一個(gè)發(fā)

明——芯片”。single在此表示“僅一個(gè)的，單一的”。

7.F由transform...to（使……轉(zhuǎn)化為……）可知此處為名詞，選項(xiàng)中

thanks較為符合題意，表示“……因?yàn)樗趥€(gè)人電腦、數(shù)字通信和生產(chǎn)機(jī)

器上的應(yīng)用而改變我們的世界”

8.Aunimagined指“（好、大得）無(wú)法想象的，想象不到的”，在該句中

用來(lái)表達(dá)未來(lái)技術(shù)的發(fā)展不可預(yù)料，與后面的butonethingiscertain對(duì)

應(yīng)。

9.M該空后面的it指代informationandknowledge，則由題意此處possess

最為合適，表示“擁有，具有（某品質(zhì)或能力）”。

10.Linsteadof后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，選項(xiàng)中只有performing和

utilizing符合語(yǔ)法，而根據(jù)后面routinetasks可得出performing更符合題

意，表示“執(zhí)行日常任務(wù)，履行日常工作”。

SectionB(10%)

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneof

theparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwith

aletter.

AnimalsontheMove

A)Itlookedlikeascenefrom“Jaws”butwithoutthedramaticmusic.Ahuge

sharkwasslowlyswimmingthroughthewater,itstailswingingbackand

forthlikethependulumofaclock.Suddenlysensitivenerveendinginthe

shark’sskinpickedupvibrationsofastrugglingfish.Thesharkwas

immediatelytransformedintoadeadly,efficientmachineofdeath.With

musclestaut,thesharkknifedthroughthewateratarapidspeed.Inaflash

thesharkcaughtitsvictim,alargefish,initspowerfuljaws.Then,jerkingits

headbackandforth,thesharktorehugechunksoffleshfromitsvictimand

swallowedthem.Soontheactionwasover.

MovingtoSurvive

B)Inpursuingitsprey,thesharkdemonstratedinadramaticwaythe

importantroleofmovement,orlocomotion,inanimals.Liketheshark,most

animalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouselocomotiontoescape

enemies,findamate,andexplorenewterritories.Themethodsoflocomotion

includecrawling,hopping,slithering,flying,swimming,orwalking.Humans

havetheaddedadvantageofusingtheirvariousinventionstomoveaboutin

justaboutanykindofenvironment.Automobiles,rockets,andsubmarines

transporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthemoon.However,for

otheranimalsmovementcameaboutnaturallythroughmillionsofyearsof

evolution.Oneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesofanimallocomotionisthat

oftheshark.Itsabilitytoquicklyzeroinonitspreyhasalwaysimpressed

scientists.ButittookadetailedstudybyDukeUniversitymarinebiologists

S.A.Wainwright,F.Vosburgh,andJ.H.Hebranktofindouthowthesharks

didit.Intheirstudythescientistsobservedsharksswimminginatankat

MarinelandinSaintAugustine,Fla.Moviesweretakenofthesharks’

movementsandanalyzed.Studieswerealsomadeofsharkskinandmuscle.

SkinIstheKey

C)Thebiologistsdiscoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytothe

animal’shighefficiencyinswimmingthroughthewater.Theskincontains

manyfibersthatcrisscrossliketheinsideofabeltedradialtire.Thefibersare

calledcollagenfibers.Thesefiberscaneitherstoreorreleaselargeamounts

ofenergydependingonwhetherthefibersarerelaxedortaut.Whenthe

fibersarestretched,energyisstoredinthemthewayenergyisstoredinthe

stringofabowwhenpulledtight.Whentheenergyisreleased,thefibers

becomerelaxed.

D)TheDukeUniversitybiologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretching

occurswherethesharkbendsitsbodywhileswimming.Duringthebody’s

backandforthmotion,fibersalongtheoutsidepartofthebendingbody

stretchgreatly.Muchpotentialenergyisstoredinthefibers.Thisenergyis

releasedwhentheshark’sbodysnapsbacktheotherway.Asenergyis

alternatelystoredandreleasedonbothsidesoftheanimal’sbody,thetail

whipsstronglybackandforth.Thiswhip-likeactionpropelstheanimal

throughthewaterlikealivingbullet.

SourceofEnergy

E)Whatcausesthefiberstostoresomuchenergy?Infindingtheanswerthe

DukeUniversityscientistslearnedthattheshark’ssimilaritytoabeltedradial

tiredoesn’tstopwiththeskin.Justasaradialtireisinflatedbypressure,so,

too,istheareajustundertheshark’scollagen“radials”.Insteadofair

pressure,however,thepressureinthesharkmaybeduetotheforceofthe

bloodpressingonthecollagenfibers.

F)Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelativelylow.

Thefibersaremorerelaxed,andthesharkisabletobenditsbodyatsharp

angles.Theanimalswimsthiswaywhenlookingaroundforfoodorjust

swimming.However,whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,some

fantasticinvoluntarychangestakeplace.Thepressureinsidetheanimalmay

increaseby10times.Thispressurechangegreatlystretchesthefibers,

enablingmuchenergytobestored.Thisenergyisthentransferredtothetail,

andthesharkisoff.Therestofthestoryispredictable.

DolphinHasSpeedRecord

G)Anotherfastmarineanimalisthedolphin.Thisseagoingmammalhas

beenclockedatspeedsof32kilometers(20miles)anhour.Biologists

studyingthedolphinhavediscoveredthat,liketheshark,theanimal’s

efficientlocomotioncanbetracedtoitsskin.Adolphin’sskinismadeupin

suchawaythatitoffersverylittleresistancetothewaterflowingoverit.

Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,the

waterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownaslaminar

flow.However,atfasterspeedsthewaterbecomesmoreturbulentalongthe

movingfish.Thisturbulencemusesfrictionandslowsthefishdown.

H)Inadolphintheskinissoflexiblethatitbendsandyieldstothewaviness

ofthewater.Thewaves,ineffect,becometuckedintotheskin’sfolds.This

allowstherestofthewatertomovesmoothlybyinalaminarflow.Where

otheranimalswouldbeslowedbyturbulentwateratrapidspeeds,the

dolphincanracethroughthewateratrecordbreakingspeeds.

OtherAnimalsLessEfficient

I)Notallanimalsmoveasefficientlyassharksanddolphins.Perhapsthe

greatestloserinlocomotionefficiencyistheslug.Theslug,whichlookslike

asnailwithoutashell,laysdownaslimytrailoverwhichitcrawls.Itusesso

muchenergyproducingtheslimymucusandcrawlingoveritthatamouse

travelingthesamedistanceusesonlyonetwelfthasmuchenergy.Scientists

saythatbecauseoftheslug’sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustbe

restricted.Thatis,theanimalsareforcedtoconfinethemselvestosmallareas

forobtainingfoodandfindingproperlivingconditions.Havehumansever

beenfacedwiththiskindofproblem?

11.Thedolphin’sskinofferslessresistancetothewaterthanthefish.

12.Automobiles,rocketsandsubmarinesareexamplesofhumaninventions

thatenableustotravelinalmostanykindofenvironment.

13.Theskinisthekeytotheshark’sswiftlocomotioninwater.

14.Consumingtheequalamountofenergyasaslugdoes,amousecantravel

12timesasfastasaslug.

15.Becauseitisalsoinflatedbypressure,theareajustundertheshark’s

collagenfibersissimilartoabeltedradialtire.

16.Alaminarflowisformedwhenafishswimsslowlythroughthewater.

17.Whenbendingitsbodyinswimming,thesharkstretchesitscollagen

fiberstothegreatestextent.

18.Infindingitsfood,thesharktriestofeelthevibrationsofastruggling

prey.

19.Accordingtothepassage,collagenfiberscanbecomparedtothestringof

abowforbothofthemstoreenergywhenstretched.

20.Whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,somefantastic

involuntarychangestakeplaceinitsbody.

【答案與解析】

11.B可以將答案定位在小標(biāo)題MovingtoSurvive下第二段的前兩句

話(huà)，“Liketheshark,mostanimalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouse

locomotiontoescapeenemies,findamate,andexplorenowterritories.”

12.B汽車(chē)、火箭和潛艇的例子是為了說(shuō)明可以使人類(lèi)到達(dá)任何環(huán)境，

其中的examplesofautomobiles,rocketsandsubmarines是關(guān)鍵詞，可將答

案定位在文章小標(biāo)題MovingtoSurvive下的Automobiles,rockets,and

submarinestransporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthemoon.

13.C“鯊魚(yú)在水中快速游動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵是在皮膚”，其中key是關(guān)鍵詞，可將

答案定位在小標(biāo)題SkinIstheKey下首段的第一句話(huà)，“Thebiologists

discoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytotheanimalshighefficiency

inswimmingthroughthewater”與本題句子完全一致，所以可直接選C。

14.D題干中的collagenfiberstothegreatestextent是關(guān)鍵詞，可將答案

定位在小標(biāo)題SkinIstheKey下第二段的第一句話(huà)，“TheDukeUniversity

biologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretchingoccurswheretheshark

bendsitsbodywhileswimming.”這與本題句子的內(nèi)容完全一致。

15.E題干中abeltedradialtire是關(guān)鍵詞，可將答案鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題

SourceofEnergy下第一段的第三句話(huà)，“Justasaradialtireisinflatedby

pressure,so,too,istheareajustunderthesharks’collagenradials”其中的

justas和so說(shuō)明了兩者的相似之處在于inflatedbypressure，所以答案應(yīng)

該是E。

16.G題干關(guān)鍵詞是alaminarflow，所以可將答案鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題

DolphinHasSpeedRecord下。根據(jù)該節(jié)第一段的倒數(shù)第三、四句

話(huà)，“Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,

thewaterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownas

laminarflow.”題干是對(duì)這兩句話(huà)的改寫(xiě)，所以正確答案是G。

17.I題干中aslug和amouse均為關(guān)鍵詞，可直接定位在OtherAnimals

LessEfficient標(biāo)題下第一段的第二句話(huà)，“Itusessomuchenergy...a

mousetravelingthesamedistanceusesonlyonetwelfthasmuchenergy”題

干是對(duì)該句的同義改寫(xiě)，故選I。

18.A題干中的shark,prey,struggling均為關(guān)鍵詞，可直接定位在A

段“Suddenlysensitivenerveendinginthesharksskinpickedupvibrations

ofastrugglingfish.”

19.C題干內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在SkinIstheKey中，C段第二、三句話(huà)“Thefibers

arecalledcollagenfibers.”故選C。

20.F根據(jù)該句含義，在SourceofEnergy中，可以定位到第二段倒數(shù)第

一句。故F為該題對(duì)應(yīng)選段。

SectionC(40%)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD..Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironment

inhospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfrom

illness.

AspartofanationwideeffortinBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesand

intopublicplaces,someofthecountry’smosttalentedartistshavebeen

calledintotransformolderhospitalsandtosoftenthehardedgesofmodern

buildings.Ofthe2,500NationalHealthServicehospitalsinBritain,almost

100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridors,

waitingareasandtreatmentrooms.

Theserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartist,PeterSenior,whoset

uphisstudioataManchesterhospitalinnortheasternEnglandduringthe

early1970s.Hefelttheartisthadlosthisplaceinmodernsociety,andthatart

shouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.

Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas500visitorseach

week.Whatbetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofart?Seniorheldthe

firstexhibitionofhisownpaintingsintheout-patientswaitingareaofthe

ManchesterRoyalHospitalin1975.BelievedtobeBritain’sfirsthospital

artist,Seniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamof

sixyoungartschoolgraduates.

Theeffectisstriking.Nowinthecorridorsandwaitingroomsthevisitor

experiencesafullviewoffreshcolors,playfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.

Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugs

whenapatientisrecoveringfromanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatients

whohadaviewontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillers

comparedwithpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookat.

21.Accordingtothepassage,“tosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings”

means_____.

A.topulldownhospitalbuildings

B.todecoratehospitalswithartisticworks

C.toimprovethequalityoftreatmentinhospitals

D.tomakethecornersofhospitalbuildingsround

22.WhatcanwesayofPeterSenior?

A.Heisapioneerinintroducingartintohospitals.

B.Heisadoctorinterestedinpainting.

C.Heisanartistwhohasalargecollectionofpaintings.

D.Heisafaithfulfollowerofhospitalart.

23.AccordingtoPeterSenior,_____.

A.artislosingitsaudienceinmodernsociety

B.hospitalsshouldbechangedintoartgalleries

C.patientsshouldbeencouragedtolearnpainting

D.artshouldbeencouragedinBritishhospital

24.Aftertheimprovementofthehospitalenvironment,_____.

A.patientsnolongerneeddrugsintheirrecovery

B.patientsarenolongerwhollydependentonexpensivedrugs

C.patientsneedgood-qualitydrugsintheirrecovery

D.patientsusefewerpainkillersintheirrecovery

25.ThefactthatsixyoungartschoolgraduatesjoinedPetershowsthat

_____.

A.Peter’senterpriseisdevelopinggreatly

B.PeterSeniorcanpaintbetterartisticworks

C.hospitalscanbringouttalentedartists

D.theroleofartinhelpingpatientrecoveryfromillnessisbeingrecognized

【答案與解析】

21.B題干出現(xiàn)在文章第二段，聯(lián)系上下文“someofthecountry’smost

talentedartistshavebeencalledintotransformolderhospitals”以及“…

hospitalsalmost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryart

...”可知B符合題意。

22.APeterSenior不是“對(duì)繪畫(huà)感興趣的醫(yī)生”，選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；也不能說(shuō)他

是“醫(yī)院藝術(shù)的追隨者”（選項(xiàng)D也排除）；文章也沒(méi)有提到“他有大量的

繪畫(huà)作品”，C項(xiàng)也不能選；只有A所說(shuō)的“他是將藝術(shù)引進(jìn)到醫(yī)院的先

驅(qū)者”最符合文章大意。

23.A根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Hefelttheartisthadlosthisplacein

modernsociety,andthatartshouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.”可判斷

選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

24.B從文章最后兩段可知，醫(yī)院環(huán)境的改善對(duì)病人的康復(fù)是有益處

的，病人的康復(fù)不僅僅依賴(lài)藥物的作用。因此選項(xiàng)B是正確的。

25.D六位藝術(shù)學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生加盟PeterSenior的事業(yè)說(shuō)明了人們開(kāi)始意

識(shí)到改善醫(yī)院環(huán)境的重要性，即選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)法正確。

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Insuranceisthesharingofrisks.Nearlyeveryoneisexposedtoriskofsome

sort.Thehouse-owner,forexample,knowsthathispropertycanbedamaged

byfire;theship-ownerknowsthathisvesselmaybelostatsea;the

breadwinnerknowsthathemaydieatanearlyageandleavehisfamilythe

poorer.Ontheotherhand,noteveryhouseisdamagedbyfire,norevery

vessellostatsea.Ifthesepersonseachputasmallsumintoapool,therewill

beenoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferloss.Inotherwords,

thelossesofthefewaremetfromthecontributionsofthemany.Thisisthe

basisofinsurance.Thosewhopaythecontributionareknownas“insured”

andthosewhoadministerthepoolofcontributionsas“insurers”.

Notallriskslendthemselvestobeingcoveredbyinsurance.Broadly

speaking,theordinaryrisksofbusinessandspeculationcannotbecovered.

Theriskthatbuyerswillnotbuygoodsatthepricesofferedisnotofakind

thatcanbestatisticallyestimated—andriskscanonlybeinsuredagainstif

theycanbesoestimated.

Thelegalbasisofailinsuranceisthe“policy”.Thisistheprintedformof

contractonpaperofthebestquality.Itstatesthatinreturnfortheregular

paymentbytheinsuredofanamedsumofmoney,calledthe“premium”(保

險(xiǎn)費(fèi)),whichisusuallypaideveryyear,theinsurerwillpayasumofmoney

orcompensationforloss,iftheriskoreventinsuredagainstactuallyhappens.

Thewordingofpolicies,particularlyinmarineinsurance,oftenseemsvery

old-fashioned,butthereisasoundreasonforthis.Overalargenumberof

yearsmanylawcaseshavebeenbroughttoclearupthemeaningofdoubtful

phrasesinpolicies.Thelawcourts,intheirJudgments,havegiventhese

phrasesadefiniteandindisputablemeaning,andtoavoidfuturedisputesthe

phraseshavecontinuedtobeusedinpoliciesevenwhentheyhavepassedout

ofnormaluseinspeech.

26.Accordingtothispassage,insuranceispossiblebecause_____.

A.everyoneatsometimesuffersloss

B.onlyasmallproportionoftheinsuredsufferloss

C.nearlyeveryonesuffersloss

D.onlyinsuredpeoplesufferloss

27.By“thepoolofcontributions”thewritermeans_____.

A.moneypaidbytheinsured

B.moneypaidbytheinsurers

C.thecostofadministeringinsurance

D.theamountofadministeringinsurance

28.Theinsuranceofordinarybusinessrisksisnotpossiblebecause_____.

A.businesswillnotbuyinsurance

B.therisksaretoohigh

C.theriskscannotbeestimated

D.thepremiumswouldbetoohigh

29.Old-fashionedwordingissometimesusedininsurancepoliciesbecause

_____.

A.insuranceisold-fashioned

B.insurancehasexistedforalongtime

C.itenablesordinarypeopletounderstandit

D.themeaningofsuchwordinghasbeenagreedupon

30.Thewriterofthispassageseemstothinkthatinsuranceis_____.

A.aformofgambling

B.awayofmakingmoneyquickly

C.old-fashioned

D.usefulandnecessary

【答案與解析】

26.B根據(jù)第一段，講到每個(gè)人都有遭受損失的可能，但這種損失并不

會(huì)降臨到每一個(gè)人的頭上，只有小部分人遭受損失。所以保險(xiǎn)是可能

的，故B正確。

27.A“集體儲(chǔ)備金”是指投保人所交付的錢(qián)，這里要弄清theinsured和

theinsurers。theinsured指投保人，theinsurer指保險(xiǎn)人。

28.C細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段可知，并不是所有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都能得到擔(dān)保，從廣

義上講，不包括做生意和投機(jī)買(mǎi)賣(mài)。只有能夠被合理估價(jià)的才能得到擔(dān)

保。

29.D最后一段提到保單的措辭保留老式風(fēng)格，是有充分理由的。多少

年來(lái)，法庭在判決時(shí)用這些詞語(yǔ)，其含義既明確又無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議。為了避免

日后的爭(zhēng)議，即使在說(shuō)話(huà)中這些詞語(yǔ)不經(jīng)常使用，但在保單上它們?nèi)员?/p>

沿用至今。故選D。

30.D根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“butthereisasoundreasonforthis”以

及“Thelawcourtshavegiventhesephrasesadefiniteandindisputable

meaning,andtoavoidfuturedisputesthephraseshavecontinuedtobeused

inpolicies...”可推斷insurance盡管已不常用，但其含義明確，尤其在在

法律中可以避免有所爭(zhēng)議，所以是有用的也是必需的，故D項(xiàng)符合題

意。

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteand

foodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiological

needforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthe

foodinfrontofus.

Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilar

distraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.

Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshownto

affectportionsizeandconsumption.

Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayarolein

appetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredicted

notbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’dseenin

frontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

Thisdisparity(差異)suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhavea

biggerInfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffrey

M.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityof

Bristol.

“Hungerisn’tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.

Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal”Brunstrom

says.“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeis

morecomplexthanwethought.”

Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcan

sometimestrickourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,for

instance,peoplewhodrankthesame380-calorie(卡路里)milkshakeontwo

separateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones(荷

爾蒙)dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140

calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhenthey

thoughtthey’dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.

Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspractical

totrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefits

offocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.

Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpus

controlourappetite,Brunstromsays.

31.Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?

A.Howweperceivethefoodweeat.

B.Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.

C.Whenweeatourmeals.

D.Howfastweeatourmeals.

32.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthe

previousmeal?

A.Youwouldprobablybepickieraboutfood.

B.Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.

C.Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.

D.Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.

33.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011study?

A.Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.

B.Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’sresponsetofood.

C.Hungerlevelsdependonone’sconsumptionofcalories.

D.Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.

34.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?

A.Trickourselvesintoeatingless.

B.Choosefoodwithfewercalories.

C.Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.

D.Pickdishesoftherightsize.

35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.

B.Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.

C.Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.

D.Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.

【答案與解析】

31.A由題干中的appetite和foodintake定位到首段第一句。文章開(kāi)篇指

出人們的食欲和食物攝取受到諸多因素的影響，包括人們的飲食環(huán)境和

對(duì)面前食物的認(rèn)知，故答案為A。

32.D文章第三段第二句指出，飯后幾小時(shí)，決定人們饑餓程度的不是

他們已食用的食物量，而是他們吃飯時(shí)面前所見(jiàn)到的食物量。也就是

說(shuō)，影響人們饑餓程度的是他們記憶中的食物量而不是胃里的食物量。

由此可推斷，記憶對(duì)飲食造成影響，如果記憶中上頓飯吃了很多，那么

不管是不是真的吃了很多，都不會(huì)感覺(jué)太餓。故答案為D。

33.B第六段第二句詳細(xì)描述了2011年的一項(xiàng)研究。在研究中，參與者

在兩個(gè)不同場(chǎng)合食用了相同卡路里的奶昔，但是奶昔標(biāo)簽上分別標(biāo)注了

620卡路里和140卡路里，結(jié)果顯示，根據(jù)標(biāo)注的卡路里含量，參與者分

泌了不同水平的與饑餓相關(guān)的荷爾蒙，且當(dāng)食用了標(biāo)注620卡路里的奶

昔時(shí)，他們感覺(jué)更飽。實(shí)際上兩份奶昔的卡路里含量是相同的，由于標(biāo)

簽標(biāo)注的不同，讓人產(chǎn)生自我暗示，使人體對(duì)食物產(chǎn)生了不同的反應(yīng)。

故答案為B。

34.C文章最后一句指出，所謂的“用心飲食”策略能夠?qū)垢蓴_，幫助

人們控制食欲，即Brunstrom建議我們通過(guò)該策略控制飲食?！坝眯娘?/p>

食”和前文中提到的“專(zhuān)注于食物”相照應(yīng)，故答案為C。

35.B主旨大意題。全文可分為三個(gè)部分：第一部分提出論點(diǎn)，人們的

食欲和食物攝取受到包括環(huán)境和對(duì)食物的認(rèn)知等諸多因素的影響；第二

部分引用相關(guān)科學(xué)研究論證這些影響因素，特別指出飲食環(huán)境對(duì)食物的

記憶，食物包裝上的標(biāo)簽對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的心理暗示作用影響飲食；最后一部

分提出通過(guò)專(zhuān)注飲食來(lái)控制食欲的建議，對(duì)食物及飲食環(huán)境的認(rèn)知，對(duì)

食物的記憶，食物標(biāo)簽產(chǎn)生的心理暗示等都屬于心理因素。統(tǒng)觀全文，

作者一直圍繞“心理因素對(duì)食欲的影響”展開(kāi)論述，故答案為B。

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspenton

education,sothattheseresourcescanbenefitagreaterpercentageofthe

population.Ideally,bothhighschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividuals

fortheever-changingrolesthatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.

Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthan

theymight,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowing

skillsgapinoureconomy.Weencouragestudentstogoontocollege

whethertheyarepreparedornot,orhaveaclearsenseofp