職稱英語衛(wèi)生類b級模擬19

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級模擬19

第1部分：詞匯選項

1、Thepriceofvegetablesvariesaccordingtotheweather.

A.changesB.rises

C.fallsD.jumps

2、Thehandsoftheclockshowedthatitwastimefordinner.

A.pointersB.fingers

C.legsD.toes

3、ThemeattastedsounpleasantthatJanethrewitawayindisgust.

A.withpleasureB.withstrongdislike

C.indespairD.ingreatdisappointment

4、MarywasoneoftheprincipalorganizersoftheArtists1Guild.

A.plannersB.employees

C.actorsD.recipients

5、Parentsshouldrealizethat'*exampleisbetterthanprecept."

A.instructionB.education

C.imaginationD.morality

6、Flatterywillgetyounowhere.

A.criticismB.screamings

C.sweetwordsD.recitals

7、Aneducationistshouldunderstandchildren1spsychologyverywell.

A.mindB.heart

C.brainD.physics

8、Hepickedatextbookfromthebookshelfandthencommencedtoread.

A.directedB.commented

C.committedD.began

9、Wewererelievedtohearthatyouhadarrivedsafely.

A.relaxedB.worried

C.releasedD.joyful

10>Youpossessaffluence,butitdoesn*tmeanyoucanhaveeverythinginhand.

A.influenceB.fluent

C.wealthD.relationship

11>Becausenoisesmodulateradiofrequency,radiostationsuseabandof

frequenciestopreventinterferencewithotherstations.

A.governB.adapt

C.temperD.renovate

12>Governmentsshouldruleonlywiththeconsentofthegoverned.

A.contentB.conquest

C,supportD.agreement

13>ThefactthatChinesecharactersareassociatedwithideas,notsound,would

makeitafinewritteninternationallanguage.

A.connectedwithB.involvedin

C.realizedbyD.assistedby

14>Shebrokeavesselinangeratamanwhocamesellingthingsatherdoor.

A.shipB.container

C?tubeD.boat

15、Acupofwholemilkprovidesroughlyonehundredsixty-sixcaloriesofenergy.

A.discreetlyB.approximately

C.barelyD.coarsely

第2部分：閱讀判斷

Cancerdevelopsoveralongtime,whichmeansthatyouhave

years——typicallydecades——inwhichtohinderorpromoteit.Researchersare

findingthatwhatyoueatmayinterferewithcancergrowthatvariousstages.

Forexample,certainfoodscanblockthechemicalsthatinitatecancer.

Antioxidants（抗氧化劑）,foundinsomevitaminsandminerals,cansnuffoutoxygen

freeradicls（氧自由基），substancesthatarethoughttomakecellsmore

susceptibletocancer,andtheycanevenrepairsomeofthecellulardamage

thathasbeendone.Andsomefood—wheatbran（麥，糠）inparticular—hasbeen

showntoshrinkprecancerous（癌癥前期的）cells.

Arecentreviewof17studiesfrom17nationsrevealsthatpeoplewho

eatthemostfruitsandvegetableshaveabouthalfthecancerratersofthose

whoeattheleast.Infactzsomeresearchsuggeststhatfrequentconsumption

offruitsandvegetablescancuttheriskoflungcancereveninsmokers.

Oneofthemoststudiedantioxidantsinvegetablesandfruitsthought

toprotectagainstcancerisbeta-carotene（B胡蘿卜素），concentratedindeep

green,yellowandorangevegetablessuchascarrots,sweetpotatoesandspinach.

Researchalsoshowsthatbeta-carotenecanchangeinthebodytoretinoic

acid（維生素A酸）zasubstanceusedinclinicaltrialstotreatcertaincancers.

Herearesomeofthefoodsthatcontaincancer-fightingchemicals.

Tomatoes.Oneofthecompoundsintomatoesthatisthoughttoreducethe

riskofcancerislycopene（蕃茄素）,thepigment（色素）thatmakestomatoesred.

Lycopene,anantioxidantthatisalsofoundinwatermelonsandapricotsz

quenchescertaincancer-triggeringoxygenfreefadicals.Healthypeoplewith

themostbloodlycopene.

GreenVegetables.ArecentItalianstudyshowedthatdark-greenleafy

vegetableslowertheriskofmanycancer.Spinach,broccolizkaleanddark-green

lettucesarechock-fullofantioxidants,includingbeta-carotenezfolate（Uf

酸）andlutein（葉黃素）.Agoodruleofthumb（單憑經(jīng)驗的做法）：thedarkerthe

vegetable,themoreantioxidantswithin.

Pungentpreventives（刺激性的預(yù)防物）.Awholehostofchemicalsthought

tohavecancer-inhibitingpropertieshavebeenidentifiedinalliumvegetables,

whichincludegarlic,onionsandscallions（大蔥）.Animalstudiesshowthat

manyofthesechemicalsblockcarcinogensthathavebeenlinkedtocolon,

stomach,lungandlivercancer.AstudyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityfound

thatfeedingratsvariousgarlicextractsandpreparations（配制好的食物）reduced

mammarytumorsbyasmuchas71percent.Inhumans,studiessuggestthatthose

whoeatmoreonionsandgarlicarelesspronetogastrointestinalcancer.

Researchsuggeststhatgarliccompoundsmayeveninterferewithcancer

progression.ArecentGermanstudyfoundthatajoene,agarliccompound,is

toxictomalignantcells.Garlicmayalsoantagonizeexistingcancerby

boosting（促進）immunefunctionszaccordingtoresearchersatLomaLinda

UniversitySchoolofMedicine.Theirstudy,doneonmice,foundthatgarlic1s

sulfurcompoundsincreasedtheactivityofmacrophagesandT-lymphocytes

巴細胞）,twoofthecomponentsoftheimmunesystemthatdestroytumorceils.

16>Recentresearchindicatedthatwhatpeopleeatmayhelptosignificantly

reducetheirriskofdevelopingcancer.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Citrusfruitmaybeparticularlyeffectiveinreducingtheriskofpancreatic

cancer.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Peoplewhoeatthemostfruitsandvegetableshavelessthanhalfthe

cancerratesofthosewhoeattheleast.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Beta-caroteneisoneofthemoststudiedantioxidantsthatarethought

toprotectagainstcancer.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Soybeanscontainatleastfivecompoundsbelievedtoinhibitcancer.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Greenvegetablescontainsuchantioxidantsasbeta-carotenezfolateand

lutein.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Althoughgarliccompoundsmayreducetheriskofdevelopingcancer,they

havenoeffectoncancerthatalreadyexists.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

Leukemiaisakindofcancerinwhichabnormalwhitebloodcellsgrow

inanuncontrolledmanner.Theseabnormalcellsinterferewiththeproduction

ofnormalwhitebloodcells,whichfightinfection.Leukemiaisadisease

ofthebonemarrowandotherblood-formingorgans.Consequently,leukemia

alsoaffectstheproductionofredbloodcells,whichcarryoxygenfromthe

lungsthroughoutthebody,andplatelets,bloodcellsthathelpstopbleeding.

Signsofleukemiaincluderepeatedinfection,anemia,andfrequentbleeding.

2.Thecauseofmosthumanleukemiaisunknown.Researchershave

discoveredaleukemiavirusincats,andtheyhaveidentifiedavirusthat

appearstocauseararetypeofleukemiainpeople.Otherpossiblecauses

includeexposuretoradiationandharmfulchemicals.

3.Doctorsclassifyleukemiaaccordingtothetypeofwhitebloodcell

affected.Twoofthemainbloodcelltypesaffectedby.leukemiaaremyeloid

andlymphoid.Myeloidcellsfightbacterialinfections.Lymphoidcellsdetect

andrespondtothepresenceofforeignsubstancesinthebody.Allkindsof

leukemiacanbeeitheracuteofchronic.

4.Acuteleukemiasoftendevelopsuddenly.Abnormal,immaturewhite

bloodcellsmultiplyrapidly,andthenumberofnormalcellsdecreasessharply.

Acutemyeloidleukemiamostoftenoccursamongadults.Thetreatmentforthis

leukemiaischemotherapyztheuseofchemicalsthataremoretoxictocancer

cellsthantonormalcells.Seventypercentofpatientsenterremission.During

remission,thebloodcellsandthebonemarrowtemporarilyreturntonormal.

Researchersaretryingtodevelopmethodsofprolongingremissioninacute

myeloidleukemiapatients.Thetreatmentofacuteleukemiasisintensiveand

mayendangerthepatient1slife.Theuseofpowerfulantibioticsandofblood

transfusionshasincreasedthechancesofsurvivingtheintensivetherapy.

5.Chronicleukemiasdevelopmoreslowlythanacuteleukemias.In

chronicleukemiasztheabnormalwhitebloodcellsappearmaturezandthey

resemblenormalwhitebloodcells.Intheearlystagesofthedisease,these

abnormalcellsevenfunction

normallytosomeextent.Chroniclymphocyticleukemiaisthemostcommon

leukemiaamongadults.Theaverageageofpeoplesufferingfromthisdisease

istheearly701s.Thediseasemaytakeaslongas10yearstodevelopcompletely.

Chronicmyeloidleukemiaisalesscommonformofleukemiathatoccursprimarily

amongadults.Doctorsgenerallyusedrugstotreatchronicleukemiapatients.

23>A.Leukemiaisaveryseriousdisease

B.Myeloidcellsdifferfromlymphoidcellsinthatmyeloidcellscombat

bacteriainfections

C.Acuteeukemiacomesmorespeedilytoacrisisthandoeschronicleukemia

D,Severalwaysareavailabletoprolongremissioninacutemyeloidleukemia

patients

E.Researchershavediscoveredthatleukemiamaybecausedbyinvasion

ofviruses,exposuretoradiation,orcontactwithharmfulchemicals

F.Inchronicleukemia,theabnormalwhitebloodcellsnotonlyresemble

normalwhitebloodcellsbutfunctionnormallytosomeextentintheearly

stagesofthedisease

Paragraph2_______

24、Paragraph3

25>Paragraph4

26、Paraqraph5

27、A.thepatient'；

B.whitebloodcells,redbloodcells,andplatelets

C.anabnormalandpersistentincrease

D.abnormalwhitecellsgrowinanuncontrolledmanner

E.chroniclymphocyticleukemia

F.acutelymphocyticleukemia

Leukemiaisakindofcancerwhichcauses.

28、Theseabnormalcellsinterfereswiththeproductionof.

29、Aschemotherapyisintensiveandmayendanger.

30、ThemostcommonLeukemiathatoccursamongadultsis.

第4部分：閱讀理解

第一篇/ntj

Countlesspeoplearebornwith（生來就具有某種特點）thesusceptibilityto

inheritageneticdisease.Butscientificprogresszespeciallytheartof

interferingwith（干涉，阻礙）thegeneticmakeupofthehumanbody,hashelped

doctorspreventmoreandmoreinheriteddisordersinthelastdecade.

Dr?ThomasCaskeyoftheBaylorUniversityCollegeofmedicineinHouston,

Texas,isapioneerinmolecularbiology（分子生物學(xué)）.Throughthetechniques

ofgeneticengineering（基因工程）,hetransfersgenesfromoneorganismtoanother

Caskeyusesacertaintypeofvirus,calledaretrovirus（逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒），asthe

vehicleforthegenetransfer.Hefirstcripplesthevirusbyremovingthe

portionitneedstoreproduceitself.Thecrippledvirusbecomesharmless

whilestillbeingabletodeliveracargotoitsdestination.

ThecargoinCaskey*sexperimentisthehumanA-D-Agene,takenfrom

bonemarrow.A-D-Astandsfor（代表）adenosinedeaminase（腺在脫氨酶）,animportant

componentofthehumanimmunesystem.AdefectintheA-D-Ageneleadsto

immunedeficiency,rendering（致使）thebodydefenselessagainstinfections.

Caskey*spurposewastoseeifthehumanA-D-Agenecouldrepairthedefective

immunesystemofamouse.

Intheexperimentthemousewasgivenadoseofradiationheavyenough

todestroyitsimmunesystem.Theanimalnextwasinjectedwiththecrippled

viruscarryingthehumanA-D-Agene.AccordingtoCaskey,"themousewill

diewithin10to14daysunlessasuccessfultransferofbonemarrowcells

takesplace.Sowelethallyirradiateandsubsequentlyrescuethemouseby

bonemarrowtransplantationwiththecellsthathavebeeninfected

withthevirus.11Themousenowcarriesthehumangenethatsalvageditsimmune

system.

Bonemarrowtransplantationhasanestablishedplaceincontemporary

medicalpractice.Employedtorestoretheimmunesystemofcertaincancer

patientsandofpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtoradiation,bonemarrow

transplantationworksonlyifthereisagoodmatchbetweendonorandrecipient.

Theprocedurewouldbemucheasierifbonemarrowwerelikeblood.People

withtypeObloodareuniversaldonors（萬能供體）.Theirbloodmaybetransfused

tothosewhohavedifferentbloodtypes.Unfortunately,thereisnosuchthing

asauniversalbone-marrowtype.Researchersmayhavefoundaway,however,

toovercomethisproblem.Thesolution,ifitworkszwouldbetoimplantthe

patientwithhisown,perfectlymatching（型酉己），bonemarrow.

1

Theidea,asCaskeyexplainsitzisto"correctthepatientsdisease

withhisownceils,butthosecellshaveaddedtothemanormallyfunctioning

gene."Inotherwords,surgeonswouldtakedefectivebone-marrowcellsfrom

thepatientandputthemintoalaboratorydishwherethecellswouldbeexposed

toacrippledviruscarryingahealthyAD-Agenefromadonor.TheA-D-Agene

wouldrepairthedefectivecellsandthenthecellswouldbereinjectedinto

thepatient.Thus,inCaskeywords,"thepatientwouldbetransplantedby

hisownceilscontainingtheaddednormalgene.n

Thetechniquesoundsdeceptively（靠不住土也）simple.Inreality,though（MJ

是，不過，然而），itiscomplex.Anumberoflaboratorieshavetestedvarious

intermediatestepsoftheprocess,but,accordingtoCaskey,"nosingle

laboratoryhasputtogethertheentiretechnologysuccessfully,andhighly

reproducibly,toproceedwithagenetransferat-temptinman.n

Forsometimenow,theU.S.NationalInstituteofHealthhasbeentaking

acloselookat（仔細，研究）theeffectivenessandsafetyoftheprocedure,as

wellastheethicalquestionsitraises.Theredoesn*tseemtobemuchconcern

abouttheethicsofgenetransferintoahumanbeingtocorrectagenetic

defect.

Dr.W.FrenchAndersonofN.I.H.wroterecentlythat"claimsthatnew

organs,designedpersonalities,masterraces,orFrankenstein（佛蘭肯思泰因，

一個創(chuàng)造怪物而自己被它毀滅的醫(yī)學(xué)研究者，英國女作家MaryW.Shelly同名小說中的主角）

monsterswillbecreatedcanbegivennocredenceinthelighto￡（根據(jù)，從……

來看）whatispresentlyknown."Andheaddedthatawell-informedpublicis

thebestassuranceagainstanyfuturemisusesofgeneticengineering.

31>WhatisitthatpeoplecanNOTdothroughthetechniquesofgenetic

engineering?

A.savelivesB.transfergenes

C.correctageneticdefectD.createaneworgan

32、WhereistheA-D-AgenetakenfrominCaskey1sexperiment?

A.humanbloodB.humanbonemarrow

C.mousebloodD.mousebonemarrow

33、Whatisthemostimportantconditionwhenbonemarrowtransplantation

isusedtorestoretheimmunesystemofcertainpatients?

A.agoodmatchbetweendonorandrecipient

B.thefreshnessofthebonemarrow

C.enoughquantityofthebonemarrow

D.auniversalbone-marrowtype

34、Whichtypebloodisuniversaldonor?

A.typeAB.typeB

C.type0D.typeAB

35>WhattechniqueisneededtorepairthedefectivecellswithA-D-Agene?

A.geneticengineering

B.marrowtransplantation

C.radiologicaltechnique

D.cellbiology

弟一扁

Betweennow（June）andLaborDay,millionsofAmericanwillofferuptheir

bodiestothesun*srays.Atanindicateshealthandbeauty,andmostsun

worshipperswillsacrificealottoachieveit—includingthemselves.With

eachhour,thesun*sultravioletradiationproducesirreversibledamage,

hasteningthedevelopmentofunsightlywrinkles.Andwitheachyearonthe

beachorrooftop,thesunbatherincreaseshisriskofgettingskincancer.

Skincancerisbyfarthemostcommonformofcancer.Anestimated400000

newcaseswillbedetectedthisyearintheUnitedStateszandalmostall

ofthemcanbeblamedonoverexposuretothesun.Fortunately,mostofthese

cancersarehighlycurable.Buttheycanbedisfiguringandtaketimetotreat.

Forthatreason,sunworshippersshouldtreatdeitywithagooddealofawe.

Sunburn,ofcourse,istheinitialhazardposedbyUVradiation.Prolonged

exposuretoUVZhowever,interfereswiththeproductionofcollagenfibers

inthedermis,causingtheskintoloseelasticityandcreatingpremature

wrinkles.Furtherdeteriorationofthedermisdeprivestheepidermisof

nutritionandcausesittobecomethinanddry.

CancerisUV*sfinalinsult.Short-waveradiantenergy,especiallyfrom

theUV-Bband,breaksthestrandsofDNA.Enzymesworkconstantlytorearrange

theDNAintopropersequence,butwithrepeatedUVexposureztherepairprocess

mayeventuallybreakdown.ThenthemutantDNAmayproduceacolonyofcancer

cells.

Butskincancermaybeavoidedwithagooddoseofcommonsense.People

withfairskinandblueeyeswhoburneasilystandthehighestrisk.Special

dangerspotsarethepartsofthebodymostconstantlyexposedtothesun,

suchasthecheeks,nose,lowerlipandtheears.Peoplewhohavealready

developedprecancerouslesionsorhadoneskincancergrowthstandagreatly

increasedchanceofdevelopingothers.Dermatologistsrecommendavoidingthe

sunwhenitismostintense—between11a.m.and3p.m.Anyonewhoinsists

onsunbathingshoulduseagoodsunscreen.Theselotionsandsalvescontain

chemicals,suchasparaaminobenzoicacid,thatblockouttheburningUV-B

radiationwhilepermittingthetanningraystoreachtheskin.

36、Accordingtothepassage,overexposuretothesunmayresultin.

A.thewrinklesthatcannotbeseen

B.theskincancer

C.allkindsofsacrifices

D.healthfulbeauty

37、Theword"deity"inthesecondparagraphrefersto

A.somethingmysterious

B.theskincancer

C?thesun

D.overexposuretothesun

38、WhichofthefollowingcomesfirstasapossibledamagebyUVradiation?

A?Sunburn.

B.Thelossofskinelasticity.

C.Drynessofepidermis.

D.Thedeteriorationofdermis.

39、WhydoestherepairprocessoftheDNAmayfinallyfail?

A.Becauseshort-waveradiantenergybreaksthestrandsoftheDNA.

B.BecausetheDNAmayproduceacolonyofcancercells.

C.BecauseenzymesworktorearrangetheDNAintoaneworder.

D.BecausethepatientisexposedtoUVformtimetotime.

40、Thelastparagraphofthepassagemainlydiscusses.

A.thetreatment