2022高考英語閱讀之說明文基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練含答案

2022高考英語閱讀之說明文基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（二）

（A）

Thegrocerystoremightnotbeyourfavoriteplacetovisitwhenyou'reathome,

butisiteverfunwhenyou*reinanothercountry?Honestlyspeaking,they'reoneof

thosestrangelittledestinationsthatIliketosniffouteverywhereIgo,muchasother

travelersheadtowardclothingstores,libraries,coffeeshopsorgalleries.

Thegreatestbeautyofthegrocerystore—whetherit*sasupermarketoratiny

shop一isthatitgivesyouaglimpseintowhatlocalpeoplebuytocooktheirown

meals.Thisofferscluesintotheirlifestylesandpreferences,andintotheagricultural

andcookingpracticesofthecountry.Istareatthestrangefruitsandvegetables,the

seafood,thecheese,thespices,thebread,andoh,thechocolate...alwaysthechocolate!

Beingtheenvironmentalnerd（呆子）Iam,Ilikepayingattentiontopackaging,

whichcanreflectpeople'sattitudestowardsenvironmentalprotection.Italy,fbr

example,hasahabitofrequiringcustomerstobagtheirfruitsandvegetablesinplastic

fbrweighing,whileSriLankaleaveseverythinglooseinbins.InBrazil,everythingis

prepackagedinalayerofplastic.

Peopleingrocerystorestendtobefriendlier.Theysmile,sayhello,and

sometimesaskquestions,whichcanleadtogreatconversations.Ihadafurther

discussionwithateenagedcashierinSriLanka,overwhichbagof

crunchy（松脆的）mixtobuy.Heinsistedthattheonelabeled"spicy”wouldbetoo

hotforme,butItoldhimIwaswillingtoriskit.Helaughedandweendeduptalking

aboutmyfavoriteSriLankanfoodsfbrtenminutes.

It'sinterestingthentoehomeandlookatone'sownlocalgrocerystorethrough

neweyes.Whatwouldavisitorthink?Whatstandsout,andwhatdothefooddisplays

sayaboutusasaculture?Youmightbesurprisedbywhatyourealize.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeybenefitofvisitingforeigngrocerystores?

A.Learningtocookforeigndishes.

B.Makingfriendswithlocalpeople.

C.Buyingcheaperfoodandsouvenirs.

D.Knowinglocalpeopleandthecountry.

2.Whatdoestheauthorshowbymentioningsomecountriesinparagraph3?

A.People'sspeciallifestyles.B.People'sshoppinghabits.

C.People'senvironmentalawareness.D.People'spackagingmethods.

3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.SriLankansknowalotaboutfood.

B.Grocerystoresaregoodsocialplaces.

C.Grocerystoresvaryindifferentcountries.

D.SriLankansliketogivestrangerssuggestions.

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureoftext?(P:paragraph)

Lifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2O5O.FirstofalhitseemsthatTVchannels

willhavevanishedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogrammefroma^menu^andapute

rwillsendtheprogrammedirectlytothetelevision.By2050,music,films,programmes,

newspapersandbookswilletousinthesimilarway.Inmanyplaces,agricultureis

developingquicklyandpeoplearegrowingfruitandvegetablesforexport.Thisusesa

lotofwater.Therefbre,therecouldbeseriousshortagesofwater.Somescientistspredict

thatwatercouldbethecauseofwarsifwedon'tactnow.

Inthefuture,carswillrunonnew,cleanfuelsandtheywillgoveryfast.Cars

willhaveputerstocontrolthespeedandtherewon*tbeanyaccidents.Today,many

carshaveputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,theputerwillcontrol

thecaranddriveittoyourdestination.Also,by2050,spaceplaneswillflypeoplefrom

LosAngelestoTokyoinjusttwohours.

Somebigpaniesnowprefertouserobotsthatdonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,

andwork24hoursaday.Theyarealsoeasytocontrol.Andtheyneverarguewithpeople.Theyc

anbeeasilyusedinavarietyofplaces-factories,schools,offices,hospitals,

shopsandhomes.

Scientistswillhavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.Scientistshavealready

producedclonesofanimals.By2050，scientistswillbeableto

produceclonesofpeopleanddecidehowtheylookandhowtheybehave.Scientistswillbe

abletodothesethings,butshouldthey?

l.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"vanished^underlinedinParagraph1?

ASettled.B.Disappeared.

C.Decreased.D.Spread.

2.WhatdoesParagraph4intendtoshow?

A.Robotshavemanyadvantages.

B.Robotshavemuchtobeimproved.

C.Robotsworkforhumansforfree.

D.Robotscanworkindifferentplaces.

3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?

AHeislookingforwardtousingcloningtechnology.

BHeprobablydisagreeswiththeideaofhumancloning.

CThescientistshavealreadydiscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.

DThescientistswillfacemanydifficultiesofcontrollinggenes.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A?High-techCars

B.IsCloningReallyGood?

C.LifeintheFuture

D.AreYouReadyfortheFuture?

(C)

Thescientistsplacedunderwaterspeakersinareaswherecoralhadbeendyingin

Australia'snorthernGreatBarrierReef.Theyplayedcertainsoundsoveraperiodof

about6weeksandstudiedtheresults.Theteamreportedthattwiceasmanyfish

arrivedinareaswherethesoundsofhealthycoralwereplayed.Amongthearriving

fishwerespeciesthatfeedonallmajorfoodsources.

Theresearchersnotedtheimportanceofhavingmanydifferentkindsoffish

returntothearea.Differentspeciesoffishperformmanyactivitiesthatsupportthe

oceanenvironmentandsealife."Damagedreefshaveahigherchanceofrecoveryif

theyhavehealthyfishpopulation/9thescientistswroteinthereport.

SteveSimpsonsaidthat"'healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces.^^They

containthesoundsofmanykindsofshrimp,fishandotherseacreatures.Youngfish

listenforthesesoundswhentheyarelookingforaplacetosettle.Headdedthatreefs

“beeghostlyquiet“whentheysufferdestructionthatisusuallyrelatedto

human-causedpollution.Coraldamagecancauseunappealingsmellsandsoundsthat

driveshrimpandfishaway.

MarkMeekanisafishbiologist.Hesaidthatthereturnofthesefishisthefirst

steptoseeingmajorimprovementsinreefhealth.Recoveryisunderpinnedbyfish

thatcleanthereefandcreatespaceforcoralstoregrow,99hesaid.TimGordonsayshe

believessoundcanbeusedtobringbackdeadcoralinareassufferingmajor

destructioninoceansacrosstheworld.

UniversityofBristolprofessorAndyRadfordsaidtheunderwatersoundsarea

promisingwaytofightcoralreefdamageatthelocalmunitylevel.Buthenotedthat

otherthreatsneedtobereducedaswell.Theseincludeclimatechange,pollutionand

overfishing.Fromlocalmanagementinnovationstointernationalpoliticalaction,we

needmeaningfulprogressatalllevelstopaintabetterfutureforreefsworldwide.

1.Whydidresearchersattractfishbyplayingsoundsunderwater?

A.Tostudythepopulationoffish.

B.Tocatchfishasmajorfoodsources.

C.Torecoverdamagedreefsnaturally.

D.Torecordthesoundsofhealthycorals.

2.HowdidSteveexplainthecoralreefs?

A.Bypresentingtheresearchresults.B.Bymakingparisons.

C.Bylistingsomespecificdata.D.Bygivingsomeexamples.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpinned“inPara.4mean?

A.DestroyedB.AffectedC.SupportedD.Attacked.

4.WhatdoesProfessorAndystress?

A.Reefneedsprotectionatalllevels.

B.Climatechangeismoreseriousthanreefdamage.

C.Overfishingthreatensworldcoralreef.

D.Pollutionneedsinternationalpoliticalaction.

(D)

Whenhewastwoyearsold,Benstoppedseeingoutofhislefteye.Hismother

tookhimtothedoctorandsoondiscoveredhehadcancerinbotheyes.Afterpossible

treatmentsfailed,doctorsremovedbothhiseyes.ForBen,visionwasgoneforever.

Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeeling

theworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.

ThismethodenabledBentodeterminethelocationsofopendoorways,people,parked

cars,garbagecans,andsoon.Hewasecholocating:bouncinghissoundwavesoff

objectsintheenvironmentandcatchingthereflectionstobuildamentalmodelofhis

surroundings.

Echolocationmaysoundlikeanimprobablefeatforahuman,butthousandsof

blindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid.Theeventhasbeenwritten

aboutsinceatleastthe1940s,whentheword"echolocation"wasfirstinventedina

sciencearticletitled"EcholocationbyBlindMen,Bats,andRadar.”

Howcouldblindnessgiverisetotheamazingabilitytounderstandthe

surroundingswithone'sears?Theanswerliesinagiftonthebrain;hugeadaptability.

MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justas

sharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,which

allowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.

InBen*scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexfor

processingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlistening

information,andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwaves

inshockingdetail.Ben'ssuper-hearingprovesamoregeneralrule:themorebrainarea

aparticularsensehas,thebetteritperforms.

1.HowdidBen“see”afterhehadhiseyesremoved?

A.Byusingawalkingstick.B.Byaskingothersforhelp.

C.Byinventinganewsystem.D.Byecholocatingsurroundings.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"feat”inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Skill.B.Task.C.Sense.D.Invention.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromBen'scase?

A.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Godshutsonedoorbutheopensanother.

D.Manbeeslearnedbyaskingquestions.

4.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwereadthispassage?

A.CultureShock.B.HumanBiology.

C.ScientificTechnology.D.EnvironmentalProtection.

（E）

Remotetechnologieswillplayanincreasingly-vitalroleindrivingtheeducation

industry,astheCOVID-19pandemic（流行病）forcedtheworldtogoremote,

accordingtoanindustryinsider.

"Remotetechnologyiscontinuingtoempower（授權(quán)）onlineeducation,withlarge

migrationsonline.Withthecontinuousapplicationofnewtechnologymethodssuchas

bigdataandartificialintelligence,students9learningouteshavebeensignificantly

improved,saidWangYan,chiefarchitectureofficeratZuoyebang（作業(yè)幫）.

"Technologyandoutesaretwomajorchallengesthatpaniesfacewhenthey

transformfromofflinetoonline.Theeducationindustryisfacingthelargesttraffic

challengeever,^^Wangsaid.

Toupgradetheinfrastructure（基石出設(shè)施）,Zuoyebanghascontinuedtoupgradeits

technology,changingfromitsoriginalsinglecloudservicetomultiplecloudservices

andfrommostlyusingthird-partylivebroadcastsystemstonowrelyingonan

independentsystem.

“Foronlineclasses,onlylive-streamingcanachievearealinteracting（交互式的）

effect,whichcangetbothstudentsandteachersmoreinvolved.Itisimpossibleto

achievesuchoutesthroughrecordedandbroadcastlessons/9headded.

TheBeijing-basedpanydevelopedapletesetoflive-streamingarchitecturebased

ontheZRTCagreement.Itcanfullysupportclasses,includingone-on-onetutoringand

six-to-sixsmallinteractiveclasses.InthefiveweeksfromFebruary3toMarch9last

year,Zuoyebanghashelped275teachersbring1,832classestomorethan33million

primaryandmiddleschoolstudentsacrossthecountry.

1.Whichtechniqueismostbeneficialtostudentswhohaveonlineclasses?

A.broadcastlessonsB.live-streaming

C.face-to-facelessonsD.recordedlessons

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.Remotetechnologyisakeydriverfbreducation.

B.Thepanyhasupgradeditstechnologytoovereitschallenge.

C.Thepanythathaslivestreamingarchitecturecanonlysupportclassicalbig

classesteaching.

D.Zuoyebanghashelpedthousandsofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsto

haveonlineclasses.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsRemotetechnologies?

A.WorriedB.NegativeC.OpposedD.Confident

參考答案：

(A)：DCBC

(B)：BABC

(C)：CBCA

(D)

1o根據(jù)第二段中“Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniquefor

feelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.(但

在他七歲的時候，他已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了一種感受周圍世界的技術(shù)：他用嘴發(fā)出咔噠咔噠的聲音，

聽著聲音的回音)”可知，Ben的眼睛被摘除后，他通過回聲定位周圍環(huán)境。故選D。

2o根據(jù)畫線詞后文“butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBen

did”可知，回聲定位對人類來說可能聽起來是一項不太可能的技能，但成千上萬的盲人已

經(jīng)完善了這項技能，就像Ben一樣。由此推知，畫線詞意思是“技能”。A.Skill.技能；B.Task.

任務(wù)；C.Sense.感覺；D.Invention.發(fā)明。故選A。

3。根據(jù)第一段的"ForBen,visionwasgoneforever"（對于Ben來說視覺永遠(yuǎn)失去了）

和最后一段中"InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexfor

processingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,

andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.（在

Ben的例子中，他大腦的靈活線路改變了他的視覺皮層處理聲音的功能。結(jié)果，Ben有了更

多的神經(jīng)元可用來處理聽到的信息，這種增強(qiáng)的處理能力使Ben能夠以驚人的細(xì)節(jié)解釋聲

波）”可知，Ben雖然失去了視力，但發(fā)展出了回聲定位的技能，所以他的故事告訴我們“天

無絕人之路”的道理。故選C。

4o根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadaptto

circumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilityto

reset,whichallowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.（大自然讓我們的

大腦充滿了適應(yīng)環(huán)境的靈活性。就像鋒利的牙齒和快速的腿有助于生存一樣，大腦的重置能

力也是如此，它允許學(xué)習(xí)、記憶和死亡發(fā)展新技能的能力）”結(jié)合文章講述了Ben兩歲時摘

除了雙眼，結(jié)果他在七歲時發(fā)展出了回聲定位的技能。大自然讓我們的大腦充滿了適應(yīng)環(huán)境

的靈活性，Ben的超級聽力證明了一個更普遍的規(guī)律：一種特殊感官在大腦中占據(jù)的區(qū)域越

多，它的表現(xiàn)就越好?？赏浦?，文章可能選自“人類生物學(xué)”專欄。故選B。