2024屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測(cè)試專題一閱讀理解第四講詞句猜測(cè)題-上下語境覓答案

第四講詞句猜測(cè)題——上下語境覓答案一、了解題型特點(diǎn)與設(shè)問方式題型特點(diǎn)設(shè)問方式詞句猜測(cè)題著重考查利用同義或反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、語法和語篇文脈等理解生詞的能力。主要通過以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查。1.要求根據(jù)閱讀材料，結(jié)合應(yīng)有的常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷生詞、詞組或者熟詞在特定語境中的含義以及一些句子的意思。2.代詞指代題也是詞句猜測(cè)的常考題型該類題型常見的設(shè)問方式：Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans“”.Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor？Bysaying“...”theauthormeans.“...”asusedinthepassage，canbestbedefinedas.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？二、掌握3大猜測(cè)詞義技法為做好詞句猜測(cè)題，應(yīng)當(dāng)熟練掌握《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》規(guī)定的詞匯，在日常學(xué)習(xí)、訓(xùn)練中注重積累生僻詞匯和短語，掌握構(gòu)詞法的基本知識(shí)，對(duì)各種前綴、后綴的變化形式了然于胸；還應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)上下文語境進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)，掌握一定的解題技巧。下面介紹三種行之有效的猜詞技巧，希望對(duì)學(xué)生提高閱讀理解中詞句猜測(cè)題的解題能力有所幫助。技法（一）利用上下文線索猜測(cè)詞義定義作者有時(shí)會(huì)通過給某些詞匯下定義來幫助讀者理解詞義，尤其是在一些科普類、社科類以及與專業(yè)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的文章中。此時(shí)，常使用的信號(hào)詞匯有i.e.、is、are、is/arecalled、mean、referto、knownas等[典例]（2021·全國(guó)甲卷）Southbank，ataneasternbendintheThames，isthecenterofBritishskateboarding，wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite：Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once，whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿），Ifellontothestones，damaginganerveinmyhand，andTobycameover，helpingmeup：Safe，man.Safe.Afewminuteslater，whenIlandedthetrick，myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud，shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks，beingagoodskater.29.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe！Safe！Safe！”probablymean？A.Becareful！B.Welldone！C.Noway！D.Don'tworry！[解析]根據(jù)本段中的Andmyfavorite：Safe.Safemeantcool.可知，作者將“Safe”定義為“cool”，即出色的；同時(shí)結(jié)合下文，在作者成功完成動(dòng)作后，朋友們應(yīng)該用“Safe”為作者喝彩。[答案]B舉例有時(shí)，畫線詞后會(huì)跟有一些具體的例子，這些例子能幫助學(xué)生理解該詞的詞義。此時(shí)常出現(xiàn)的信號(hào)詞匯有：suchas，such...as，forexample，forinstance，like，including，especially等[典例]（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior，”saidFélixW.Ortiz，whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw，”hesaid，“peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”referto？A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.[解析]根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.（我們需要能改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈臅嫔系臇|西。）”可知，something指的是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈臇|西。且根據(jù)下文中的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw，hesaid，‘peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.’”可知，當(dāng)短信分析儀議案成為法律時(shí)，人們的行為才會(huì)改變。也就是說，只有當(dāng)有可能受到法律的約束和懲罰時(shí)，司機(jī)才不會(huì)在開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)。故something指代的是法律。[答案]D重述作者為了使某一復(fù)雜難懂的詞或術(shù)語的含義更清楚，通常會(huì)使用常用、簡(jiǎn)明的詞或詞組對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋，這就是重述。重述部分通過逗號(hào)（有時(shí)也使用破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)或括號(hào)）與句子的其他部分隔開或用信號(hào)詞引導(dǎo)。常見的信號(hào)詞匯有or、namely、thatis、inotherwords、thatistosay、tobemoreexact、toputinanotherway等[典例]（2021·全國(guó)乙卷）Still，55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphones，accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline，athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”mean？A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.[解析]畫線詞所在的句子中有破折號(hào)，而畫線詞又位于破折號(hào)之前，因此，須特別注意破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容，破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容一般是對(duì)上文的進(jìn)一步解釋說明。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的下文可知，很多人保留座機(jī)是為了預(yù)防緊急情況，并有一部分人根本不用座機(jī)。畫線詞所在句是說，有三分之一的人承認(rèn)座機(jī)不是必須要有的東西，他們將其作為一種心理安慰。因此concede意為“承認(rèn)”。[答案]A同義詞或近義詞有時(shí)，在畫線單詞或短語的前后會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞匯，它往往暗示了相應(yīng)詞或短語的含義，這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)同義、近義的替代關(guān)系推知生詞或短語的含義。同義詞、近義詞常見的信號(hào)詞有and、or、like、aswell、similarly、too、also、either等[典例]（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedreferto？A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.[解析]根據(jù)文段第一句的句意“那包括大幅節(jié)省maintenance的費(fèi)用和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全”可知，A項(xiàng)不符合該處語境，故排除；文段第二句兩次出現(xiàn)了maintenance一詞，下文提到了inspectandrepair，由此可以推出，maintenance的含義就是inspectandrepair。B項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在選段最后一句，與maintenance關(guān)系不大，D項(xiàng)在選段中未出現(xiàn)，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。[答案]C反義詞有時(shí)作者會(huì)用表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞連接意思相反的兩個(gè)詞或句子，這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)反義詞線索猜測(cè)詞義。表示對(duì)比或反義的信號(hào)詞/詞組常見的有（whether...）or、unlike、but、yet、however、while、although、nevertheless、instead、ratherthan、incontrast、onthecontrary、ontheotherhand等[典例]（2022·全國(guó)甲卷）Eversinceherchildhood，Ginni，now71，hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer（職業(yè)）asaprofessionaldancer，shetouredintheUK，butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest，shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlined？A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.[解析]根據(jù)畫線部分所在句的上句中的“butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther”可知，Ginni一直渴望探索更遠(yuǎn)的地方，這說明她想嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。[答案]Aeq\a\vs4\al(技法（二）,根據(jù)上下文邏輯猜測(cè)詞義)有時(shí)作者并未在文中對(duì)某個(gè)單詞或短語進(jìn)行明顯的解釋說明，此時(shí)可根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理，以確定某一復(fù)雜難懂的詞或短語的意義轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系[典例]（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica，theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately，ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations，greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”mean？A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.[解析]本題需要結(jié)合上下文語境邏輯進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)語境可知，畫線詞所在句之前部分描述了北美洲陸地上曾經(jīng)充滿了各種野生物種，然而畫線詞所在句之后的段落卻筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，描繪了大量水禽被獵殺、濕地被破壞的現(xiàn)象；同時(shí)結(jié)合Unfortunately這一信號(hào)詞可推斷，畫線詞在句起轉(zhuǎn)折作用，用于描寫殖民者和探險(xiǎn)者如何破壞自然資源。[答案]C對(duì)比關(guān)系有時(shí)，文中會(huì)對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比性的描述，或會(huì)出現(xiàn)與生詞意思相反的詞。因此，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)句中的對(duì)比關(guān)系來猜測(cè)詞義[典例]（2020·天津卷）Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy，andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper，moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts，andhowwegottowherewearetodayＷ.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging，whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.51.Theunderlinedpart“wherewearetoday”probablymeansＷ.A.theturningpointinourhistoryB.thepresentstateofournationC.thelocationofourhomelandD.thetotalareaofourcountry[解析]根據(jù)畫線部分所在句前半句中的“l(fā)earningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper，moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts”可知，學(xué)習(xí)祖國(guó)的歷史可以讓我們更深入、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去，下文與其形成對(duì)比關(guān)系，即學(xué)習(xí)歷史也可以幫助我們了解我們國(guó)家的現(xiàn)在。[答案]B類比關(guān)系作為一種推理方法，類比關(guān)系是指類比各對(duì)象之間存在的一種相似性（共同特征），它通過比較不同對(duì)象間的某些相似屬性，從而推導(dǎo)出另一屬性也可能相似。常見的表示類比關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有similarly，like，justas，also，aswell等[典例]（2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutterＷ.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”mean？A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.[解析]本題是一個(gè)隱性類比句。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.”可知，這個(gè)過程（即thedigitaldelutter）要求讀者在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選擇的網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)，所以作者應(yīng)是建議讀者進(jìn)行清理。在本句中onlineactivities與劃線詞前的digital（數(shù)字的，數(shù)碼的）意思相近。由此推測(cè)，畫線詞delutter表示“清理”，與clear-up含義相近。[答案]Aeq\a\vs4\al(技法（三）,根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義)很多情況下，我們?cè)陂喿x理解中遇到的生詞是派生詞或合成詞。根據(jù)這些詞的前綴、后綴、詞根或所構(gòu)成合成詞的意思，熟練運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法來判斷生詞的含義是一種十分快速且有效的閱讀技巧[典例]（2020·新高考Ⅱ卷）Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years，dealingwiththevariouskindsof“forbiddenfruit”thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol（手槍）.Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.…MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring，andlater.SometimesstudentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday，andIwouldreturnthebelonging.25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theoffender”referto？A.Thestudent'sparent.B.ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.C.Theauthor'sgrandchild.D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.[解析]根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，“er”為后綴，當(dāng)其與動(dòng)詞綴合時(shí)，表示做某事的人或物；offend為動(dòng)詞，意為“違反、冒犯”。故offender有“犯規(guī)者、違反者”的含義。結(jié)合上文中出現(xiàn)的forbiddenfruit以及下文提到的returnthebelonging可推斷，犯規(guī)者指擁有forbiddenfruit的人。[答案]DA（2023·武漢高中畢業(yè)生四月調(diào)研）Doyoueverhearafriendspeakonatopicwiththebeliefthat“everyone”thinksthesameway？Doyouoftenfindyourselfsurroundedinasocialmediafeedthatiscompletelytailoredtoyouandyourbeliefs，readingalongwithouttheimmediaterealization？Asocialmediaechochamber（回聲室）iswhenoneexperiencesatailoredmediaexperiencethatleavesoutopposingviewpointsanddifferingvoices.Socialmediasitesconnectgroupsoflike-mindedusersbasedontheirsharedcontentpreferences.Asaresult，peopleseeandtakeininformationaccordingtoourpreexistingbeliefsandopinions.Socialmediacompaniesthereforerelyonalgorithms（算法）toassessourinterestsandflooduswithinformationthatwillkeepourattention.Thealgorithmsfocusonwhatwe“l(fā)ike”and“share”tokeepfeedingcontentthatmakesuscomfortable.Inordertotrulygetaccesstoallinformationandtoevaluateourmedia，wemustgiveourselvestheopportunitytostepoutofourcomfortzone.Whilethisbecomesincreasinglychallenging，therearethingswecando.Thefirststepistobeefupyourmediaconsumptionsources.Addinginafewmediasourceswithdifferingopinionswillallowyoutoatleastunderstandwhatpeoplearesayingoutsideofyourechochamber.Next，readeachthingyouseewithacriticaleye.Makesurethateachthingyouacceptasthetruthistrulythefact.Lastly，attempttosearchoutreliablenewsourcesthatareknownfortryingtheirbesttoleaveoutfalseinformation.Byacceptingthatourmediabuffetonsocialmediaisaproductofourpresentbeliefsandopinions，wecanworktomakesurewearenotsimplystuckinasocialmediaechochamber.【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了社交媒體回聲室效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生原因以及應(yīng)對(duì)策略。1.Whatisaresultofthesocialmediaechochamber？A.Peoplecontactlike-mindedonlineuserseffectively.B.Peoplekeepreadingformoredifferingviewpoints.C.Peoplerelyonalgorithmstoevaluatetheirinterests.D.Peopleonlygetinformationconfirmingtheirbeliefs.解析：推理判斷題。第一段中提到的“yourselfsurroundedinasocialmediafeedthatiscompletelytailoredtoyouandyourbeliefs”正是社交媒體回聲室效應(yīng)的一種體現(xiàn)和影響；再結(jié)合第二段中的“peopleseeandtakeininformationaccordingtoourpreexistingbeliefsandopinions”可知，社交媒體回聲室效應(yīng)會(huì)讓我們看到和吸收符合我們之間看法和認(rèn)知的信息。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D2.Whatdoes“beefup”underlinedinparagraph3mean？A.Track.B.Improve.C.Provide.D.Identify.解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線短語前面的“stepoutofourcomfortzone...therearethingswecando”可知，畫線短語所在句講到的正是走出舒適區(qū)做出改變的措施。再結(jié)合下文中的“Addinginafewmediasourceswithdifferingopinions”可知，第一個(gè)措施是改進(jìn)我們的社交媒體觀看內(nèi)容來源，故B項(xiàng)與畫線短語的意義最為接近。答案：B3.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpusgetoutoftheechochamber？A.Criticizingfakenewsonsocialmedia.B.Exposingourselvestoopposingvoices.C.Researchingprimarysourcesofinformation.D.Acceptingourpresentbeliefsandopinions.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Addinginafewmediasourceswithdifferingopinionswillallowyoutoatleastunderstandwhatpeoplearesayingoutsideofyourechochamber.”可知，接觸一些不同的思想和觀點(diǎn)可以幫助我們擺脫社交媒體回聲室效應(yīng)，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B4.Whatisthepurposeofthetext？A.Tocallonpeopletousealgorithmsfrequently.B.Toaskpeoplenottotakeininformationblindly.C.Topromotetheuseofvarioussocialmediasites.D.Toinformpeopleofnewtechnologydevelopments.解析：作者意圖題。本文第一段講到了人們?cè)谏钪薪?jīng)常會(huì)遇到這樣的情況：你被社交媒體上完全為你量身定做的信息包圍，然而你在讀這些信息時(shí)卻沒有立馬意識(shí)到；第二段講述了這種現(xiàn)象的成因；第三段講到了解決這種問題的方式。由此可知，本文的寫作目的是幫助人們擺脫這種只接受印證自己想法的信息的局面，故B項(xiàng)“讓人們不要盲目地接受信息”正確。答案：BB（2023·廣東佛山禪城區(qū)高三模擬）Ledet，anativeofLakeCharlesandhissisterwereraisedbyhissinglemom.“Itwasastoughasyoucanimagine.Sometimes，wehadtodigintrashcansforpizzasandnotyetrottenfruit，”saidLedet.Whenhegraduatedfromhighschool，therewereonlytwooptionshehad—gotothemilitaryorgetajob.So，in2004，theUSNavybecamehisjob.Butlifehasawayofofferingsecondchances.Duringaconversationwithhiswife，Mallory，herealizedthatcollegeisnotjustforrichpeople，hecangotocollegetoo.WithMallory'shelp，heappliedtoSouthernUniversity.Butashealsoneededtomakemoneyforhisfamily，LedettookajobatBatonRougeGeneralMedicalCenterasasecurityguard.Itwasajobthatchangedhispath.Whileworkingthere，hebecameinspiredandwantedtobecomeaphysician.Sohestartedaskingasmanyphysiciansashecouldwhetherhecouldshadowthem.Andalotofthemtoldhimsecurityguardsdon'tbecomedoctors.Butonedoctor，Dr.PatrickGreiffenstein，honoredLedet'srequest.HedidwhatwasnecessarysothatLedetcouldofficiallyfollowhimashedidsurgeriesandcaredforpatients.Ledetwasdedicatedfromthestart.“Hedesiredtolearnandhereadonhisownandhelookedupthings，soitseemedobviousthatthiswasrealforhim.Hewouldstaylateandthengointohisshiftthenextmorningordoashiftandcomejoinusinthemorning，”saidGreiffenstein.LedetwentontograduatefromSouthernUniversitywithadoublemajor：chemistryandbiology.Butabachelor'sdegreewouldnotbetheendofhisacademicpursuits.Heearnedhisdoctor'sdegreefromNYUSchoolofMedicine.Still，hewantedtobeamedicaldoctor.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Ledet的奮斗故事，Ledet和妹妹是由單親媽媽撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的，從小生活貧困。后來Ledet從妻子那兒得知每個(gè)人都擁有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，于是，他通過自己的努力最終獲得了博士學(xué)位。5.WhatdoweknowaboutRussellLedet'searlylife？A.Hecamefrompoorfamily.B.Hedroppedoutofschool.C.HeenjoyedbeingaNavy.D.Hedreamedtobeadoctor.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ledet，anativeofLakeCharlesandhissisterwereraisedbyhissinglemom.‘Itwasastoughasyoucanimagine.Sometimes，wehadtodigintrashcansforpizzasandnotyetrottenfruit，’saidLedet.（Ledet是查爾斯湖的本地人，他和妹妹是由他的單身母親撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的。‘這和你想象的一樣艱難。有時(shí)，我們不得不在垃圾桶里翻找披薩和尚未腐爛的水果?！疞edet說）”可知，Ledet出身貧苦家庭。故選A。答案：A6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shadow”inparagraph3probablymean？A.Lookafter.B.Workwith.C.Relyon.D.Learnfrom.解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞下文“Andalotofthemtoldhimsecurityguardsdon'tbecomedoctors.Butonedoctor，DrPatrickGreiffenstein，honoredLedet'srequest.HedidwhatwasnecessarysothatLedetcouldofficiallyfollowhimashedidsurgeriesandcaredforpatients.（很多人告訴他保安不會(huì)成為醫(yī)生。但有一位醫(yī)生PatrickGreiffenstein尊重了Ledet的請(qǐng)求。他做了必要的事情，這樣Ledet就可以正式跟隨他做手術(shù)和照顧病人）”可知，畫線單詞指的是Ledet詢問醫(yī)生自己是否可以向他們學(xué)習(xí)以成為醫(yī)生。故畫線單詞的意思和“向某人學(xué)習(xí)”相似。選項(xiàng)A“Lookafter（照顧）”；選項(xiàng)B“Workwith（共事）”；選項(xiàng)C“Relyon（依賴）”；選項(xiàng)D“Learnfrom（向……學(xué)習(xí)）”。故選D。答案：D7.Whatpersonalities