Unit1+Back+to+School+Grammar+and+usage 高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊(cè)

GrammarandusageSentenceelementsandsentencestructuresPage6本單元我們主要學(xué)習(xí)五大句型：1.Subject+Verb主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)這是句子的最小單位這是的謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞Iagree.我同意如果不及物動(dòng)詞要加上謂語(yǔ)的話，必須跟一個(gè)介詞Iagreewithyou.我同意你。Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures2.Subject+Verb+Predicative主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)Youarebeautiful.Iamsmart.Be動(dòng)詞是最簡(jiǎn)單的系動(dòng)詞。其他的系動(dòng)詞：Get,remain,become等等Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures3.Subject

+

Verb

+Object主謂賓Shemadeatable.make是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞table是賓語(yǔ)，是動(dòng)詞make的承受者Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures4.Subject

+

Verb

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Indirectobject

+Directobject主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)Shegavemeabook.Indirectobject間接賓語(yǔ)表示人Directobject直接賓語(yǔ)表示物再例如：Shebroughtmeagift.當(dāng)然，這里也可以用直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures5.Subject

+

Verb

+

Object

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Objectcomplement主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)She

mademeveryhappy.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures接下來(lái)我們來(lái)講一講能作賓補(bǔ)的成分：1.

形容詞作賓補(bǔ)：表示賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或者特征，例如：Ifoundthebookinteresting.（我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有趣。）Shepaintedthewallswhite.（她把墻漆成了白色。）Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures2.

名詞作賓補(bǔ)：表示賓語(yǔ)所屬的類別、身份或者性質(zhì)，例如：Theyelectedhimpresident.（他們選他當(dāng)了總統(tǒng)。）Iconsiderhermyfriend.（我把她當(dāng)成我的朋友。）Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures3.

介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)：表示賓語(yǔ)的位置、方向、距離等信息，例如：Theycarriedtheboxtothetopofthehill.（他們把盒子運(yùn)到了山頂。）Shedrovethecaracrossthebridge.（她開車通過了橋。）Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures4.

從句作賓補(bǔ)：表示賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)果、原因、意愿等，例如：Wemadehimunderstandwhatwemeant.（我們讓他明白我們的意思。）Theteacheraskedusifwehaddoneourhomework.（老師問我們是否完成了作業(yè)。）Workingouttherules：Thesubjectandthe(1)____Verb______arenecessarypartsofasentence.?Atransitiveverbisalwaysfollowedbya(n)(2)____object_____________

Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoapersonandthedirectobjectathing.?Theobjectcomplementaddsmoreinformationabouttheobject.ApplyingtherulesPage7請(qǐng)你找出句子中以下的成分：Subject（主語(yǔ)）Verb（謂語(yǔ)）Object（賓語(yǔ)）Predicative（表語(yǔ)）complement（補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）Adverbial：（狀語(yǔ)）Attributive：（定語(yǔ)）Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures例子：YouwillenjoyPersonal

growthathigh

school主語(yǔ)：you謂語(yǔ)：willenjoy賓語(yǔ)：personalgrowth定語(yǔ)：personal，high狀語(yǔ):athighschool.Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures你也來(lái)試試吧！Youwillfindseniorhighschooldifferentfromjuniorhighschool.Yourschoolworkwillbemorechallenging.Wewillgiveyoumoreindependence.Youshouldlistenmorecarefully.Youcanjoinaclub.Yourteacherswillhelpyouinmanyways.ouwillsucceed!ExtendedreadingLastyear,IhadthechancetostudyataBritishsecondaryschoolasanexchangestudent.去年，我有機(jī)會(huì)作為交換生到英國(guó)一所中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。haveachancetodosth有機(jī)會(huì)做某事也可以說(shuō)haveanopportunitytodosthas是作為的意思anexchangestudent一名交換生ExtendedreadingIstayedwithalovelyhostfamilyandwenttoschoolwiththeirson,Daniel.我住在一個(gè)可愛的寄宿家庭，和他們的兒子丹尼爾一起上學(xué)。staywithsb和某人呆在一起hostfamily寄宿家庭gotoschool去上學(xué)ExtendedreadingWewerebothinyeartenandwegotonwell.HeislearningChineseandwillcometostaywithmethisyearinChina!我們都是十年級(jí)的學(xué)生，我們相處得很好。他正在學(xué)習(xí)中文，今年會(huì)來(lái)中國(guó)和我住在一起!both是表示兩者，放在be動(dòng)詞的后面year

+數(shù)字表示幾年級(jí)getonwell相處融洽ExtendedreadingTheBritishschooldaycommonlybeginsaround9a.m.andendsaround4p.m.EverysecondaryschoolstudentintheUKmuststudyEnglish,MathsandtheSciencesubjects:Biology,ChemistryandPhysics.英國(guó)人的上學(xué)時(shí)間通常在上午9點(diǎn)左右開始，下午4點(diǎn)左右結(jié)束。在英國(guó)，每個(gè)中學(xué)生都必須學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)、數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)科目:生物、化學(xué)和物理。schoolday表示上學(xué)時(shí)間around表示大約secondaryschoolstudent中學(xué)生ExtendedreadingInyearten,studentsusuallyhavetolearnninesubjectsandtheycanalsochoosetostudyothersubjects,suchasHistory,ArtandBusiness.在十年級(jí)，學(xué)生通常要學(xué)習(xí)九門科目，他們也可以選擇學(xué)習(xí)其他科目，如歷史、藝術(shù)和商業(yè)。have

todosth不得不做某事choosetodosth選擇做某事other表示其他的，后面通常加名詞復(fù)數(shù)suchas+名詞ExtendedreadingTheclassesaredifferentfromthoseinChina.Eachteacherhastheirownclassroom

andthestudentsmovearoundforeverylesson.Inmostofmyclasses,therewereonlyabout20students.Inthebeginning,however,itwasstilltoughformetoremembereveryone’sname!這些課程和中國(guó)的不一樣。每個(gè)老師都有自己的教室，學(xué)生們每節(jié)課都在四處走動(dòng)。在我的大多數(shù)課上，只有大約20名學(xué)生。然而，一開始，記住每個(gè)人的名字對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)仍然很困難!bedifferentfrom與...不同thesameas與...相同move

around四處走動(dòng)inthebeginning在一開始itis+adj+forsbtodosth對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是...樣子的Extendedreading句子分析：TheclassesaredifferentfromthoseinChina.這句話中用those代替了theclasses是為了避免重復(fù)ExtendedreadingIenjoyedmostoftheclasses,butsomeofthemwerequitechallenging.Technologyclasseswere

fun.Imadeaclocktotakehome.Theteacherhelpedmeputthepartstogether.大部分課程我都很喜歡，但有些課程很有挑戰(zhàn)性。技術(shù)課很有趣。我做了一個(gè)鐘帶回家。老師幫我把零件組裝起來(lái)。enjoysth喜歡某事enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的takehome帶回家helpsb(to)dosth幫某人做某事put...together把...放到一起ExtendedreadingIlikeitsomuchthatIstilluseitasmyalarm!IfoundMathsquiteeasyandenjoyablebecausethematerialwaslessadvancedintheUKthaninChina.However,learninginEnglishwasagreatchallengeforme.我非常喜歡它，我現(xiàn)在還用它當(dāng)鬧鐘!我發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)非常簡(jiǎn)單和有趣，因?yàn)橛?guó)的材料沒有中國(guó)先進(jìn)。然而，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。IlikeitsomuchthatIstilluseitasmyalarm!So+adv+that的用法ExtendedreadingIfoundMathsquiteeasyandenjoyable我發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)相當(dāng)容易且有趣find+賓語(yǔ)+adj作賓補(bǔ)material指的是學(xué)習(xí)材料，通常不可數(shù)。Learninginenglishwasagreatchallengeforme.learninginenglish這句話是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用單數(shù)。ExtendedreadingTherewerealotofdifficultEnglishwords,especiallyinGeographyandBiology.ClassdiscussionisveryimportantintheUK,butIcouldnotmakeagreatcontributionbecausesometimesIwasn’tabletoexpressmyselfclearlyinEnglish.有很多難的英語(yǔ)單詞，尤其是地理和生物。課堂討論在英國(guó)是非常重要的，但我不能做出很大的貢獻(xiàn)，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)我不能用英語(yǔ)清楚地表達(dá)我的意思。especially尤其是makeagreatcontribution作出貢獻(xiàn)beabletodosth能夠琢磨局勢(shì)expressoneself表達(dá)自己ExtendedreadingAlthoughtherewasnotasmuchhomeworkasIwasusedto,itwasstillchallenging.Fortunately,myteachersandclassmateswerealwayshelpfulandgavemelotsofencouragement.Mylanguageskillsimprovedovertime.雖然作業(yè)沒有我習(xí)慣的那么多，但仍然很有挑戰(zhàn)性。幸運(yùn)的是，我的老師和同學(xué)總是樂于助人，給了我很多鼓勵(lì)。隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的語(yǔ)言技能提高了。beusedtodoingsthusedtodosth過去常常做某事givesbsth=givesthtosbencouragesbtodosth鼓勵(lì)某人做某事Over

time隨著時(shí)間的推移

ExtendedreadingDuringthehour-longlunchtime,Iateintheschooldininghall.Therewerelotsofoptionsincludingbreadandbutter,chickenpieandpuddings,butIstillmissedmymum’scooking!在長(zhǎng)達(dá)一小時(shí)的午餐時(shí)間里，我在學(xué)校的食堂里吃飯。有很多選擇，包括面包和黃油，雞肉派和布丁，但我仍然想念我媽媽做的!hour-long長(zhǎng)達(dá)

一個(gè)小時(shí)的schooldinninghall學(xué)校食堂option選擇ExtendedreadingAfterlunch,Ioftenplayedontheschool’shugesportsfieldwithDanielandhisfriends.Sometimeswejustrelaxedunderatreeorsatonthegrass.午飯后，我經(jīng)常和丹尼爾以及他的朋友們?cè)趯W(xué)校巨大的運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上玩耍。有時(shí)我們只是在樹下放松或坐在草地上。after在...以后sports

field學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)sitonthegrass坐在草地上ExtendedreadingAfterschool,thereweremanyclubstojoin.TheonethatattractedmemostwastheRugbyClub.Weplayedonceaweek,anditwasgreatfun.放學(xué)后，有很多俱樂部可以參加。最吸引我的是橄欖球俱樂部。我們每周玩一次，非常有趣。attractsb洗印某人onceaweek一周一次twiceaweek一周兩次fun不可數(shù)havefundoingsth做某事很有趣ExtendedreadingAlso,IenjoyedactingintheTheat