【高一 拓展閱讀-自然和環(huán)境】Extreme Weather

ExtremeWeatherSeverestormshappeninlow-pressureweathersystems.Warm,wetairbeginsrisingintotheair.Thehigheritrises,thecooleritbecomesWatervapour(水蒸氣)intheairformsdrops,aprocesscalledcondensation.Thedropsjointogethertoformclouds,andthenprecipitationofsomekind[rain,sleet(雨夾雪),snow,orhail]willfalldowntotheearth’ssurface.Althoughconditionsmustbeveryspecificforathunderstormtodevelop,thunder-stormsremainthemostcommonkindofextremeweather.Beforeathunderstormcandevelop,therehavetobethreeconditionspresent:theairhastobefullofmoisture,theremustbeeitheranintenselyheatedportionoftheearth’ssurfacesendingwarmairupquicklyoranapproachingcoldfront,andthewarmairthatisrisingmustbewarmenoughtostaywarmerthantheairitpassesthroughasitrises.Themoistureintherisingaircondenses,cloudsformandastormbegins.Acoldfronthappenswhencoldairismovingnearthesurfaceoftheearth,anditpusheswarmairupveryquickly.ThisisoftenthebeginningofathunderstormCloudsform,andheavyrainbeginstofall.Oppositeelectricalchargeinsidestormcloudsseparates,causinglightningtoflashtowardstheearth.Lightninghasenoughenergytoheattheairallaroundit.thissuddenburstofheatiswhatcausesthenoiseweknowashunder.Thunderstormsoftenbringdisasterswiththem,includingfloods,firescausedbylightning,damagefromhailstones(冰雹)orstrongwinds,andeventornadoes.atornadoisaspinningmassofairoverlandthatcandestroyvirtuallyeverythinginitspath.Ablizzardisacombinationofstrongwindsandextremelylowtemperatures.Snowfallincreasesuntilitissoheavythatitisdifficultorimpossibletosee.PeoplecanbecomelostinthesnowandfreezetodeathHomescanbecoveredoverwithsnow,trappingpeopleindoorsahurricaneisthemostpowerfulstormknownonearth.Formingoverwarmoceanwatersoffthecoastofthetropics,theycanbecomegiganticswirling(旋動(dòng))mixturesofairandwaterbetween100and900mileswide.Windspeedscanaverageabout75milesperhourHurricanesdotheworstdamagetocoastalcitiesbecausetheyquicklylosetheirstrengthwhentheymoveoverlandHurricanesaresolargeandpowerfulthattheirswirlingcloudscanbeseenfromspace.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion1.What’sthemostcommonkindofextremeweather?A.Thunderstorms.B.Blizzards.C.Hails.D.Heavyrains.2.Whatcausesthenoiseweknowasthunder?A.Thewarmairmovingupquickly.B.Theairfullofmoisture.C.Thesuddenburstofheatintheair.D.Theseparationofoppositeelectricalchargesinsidestormclouds.3.Whencoldairismovingnearthesurfaceoftheearth,whatwillhappen?A.Acoldfrontforms.B.Themoistureintherisingaircondenses.C.Heavyrainsbeginfalling.D.Alotofcloudsform.4.Whatdisastersdothunderstormsoftenbringwith?A.Floods.B.Firescausedbylightning.C.Damagefromhailstones.D.Alloftheabove.5.Wheredohurricanesusuallyform?A.Inareaswheretherearelargewaters.B.Overwarmoceanwatersoffthecoastofthetropics.C.Overcoldoceanwatersnearthearctic.D.Thearticledoesnotsay.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞severe adj.嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的；艱巨的；嚴(yán)酷的,惡劣的 英extremelybadorseriousstorm n.暴風(fēng)雨；爆發(fā) 搭tropicalstorms熱帶風(fēng)暴surface n.表面 英theoutsideortoplayerofsth.specific adj.具體的；明確的；特定的；獨(dú)特的記詞根記憶spec（種類）+ific（產(chǎn)生…的）→分門別類的→明確的 搭specificpurpose明確的目的thunderstorm n.雷暴；雷雨記組合詞thunder（雷）+storm（暴風(fēng)雨）→雷電交加的暴風(fēng)雨→雷暴electrical adj.電的,與電有關(guān)的；用電的 搭electricalengineering電氣工程electricalshock電擊lightning n.閃電 記聯(lián)想記憶light（光）+ning極強(qiáng)的光→閃電burst v.[burst-burst]爆裂；爆炸；猛沖,闖；突然出現(xiàn)n.突然破裂；爆炸英tobreakopenorapart,especiallybecauseofpressurefrominsidetomakesth.breakinthisway例Theplaneburstintoflamesonimpactwiththeground.飛機(jī)與地面碰撞時(shí)起火了。disaster n.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍英anunexpectedevent,suchasaverybadaccident,afloodorafire,thatkillsalotofpeopleorcausesalotofdamage 記詞根記憶dis（離開）+aster（星星）→星星離開原位→災(zāi)難 搭naturaldisaster自然災(zāi)害virtually adv.實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上；幾乎,差不多 英almostorverynearly,sothatanyslightdifferenceisnotimportantVocabulary進(jìn)階詞precipitation n.降雨（量）,降水（量）；【化】沉淀 英rain,snow,etcthatfallstheamountofthisthatfalls 搭normalprecipitation正常降水量hail n.冰雹；（雹子般的）一陣v.招呼；高呼；贊揚(yáng),稱頌；下冰雹 記聯(lián)想記憶冰雹（hail）讓航行（sail）計(jì)劃流產(chǎn)（fail）了moisture n.潮氣,濕氣英verysmalldropsofwaterorotherliquidthatarepresentintheair,onasurfaceorinasubstancecondense v.（使）壓縮,精簡；（使）凝結(jié)記詞根記憶con（表加強(qiáng)）+dense（密集的）變得密集→（使）凝結(jié)例ThisarticlehasbeenadaptedandcondensedfromthearticlebyWilliamandslater.這篇文章改編自威廉姆和斯萊特的文章,并進(jìn)行了精簡。 派condensation（n.凝疑結(jié)）flash v.閃光,閃耀；飛馳,掠過n.閃光；閃光燈 搭aflashoflightning一道閃電aflashinthepan曇花一現(xiàn)tornado n.旋風(fēng)；龍卷風(fēng) 記詞根記憶torn（轉(zhuǎn)）+ado能轉(zhuǎn)的風(fēng)→龍卷風(fēng) 搭tornadocellar避風(fēng)窖blizzard n.暴風(fēng)雪,大風(fēng)雪 英asnowstormwithverystrongwindsfreeze v.（使）結(jié)冰；（使）凝固；感到很冷；凍僵 搭freezeover冰封