【高二 拓展閱讀-自然】Dangerous Weather

DangerousWeatherSomeweathercanbedangerous.Wedescribesomeweathersituationsbelowthatcancausedamageandevenhurtyou.Wheneveryouencounterdangerousweather,besuretoaskyourparentsandteacherswhattodoandfollowtheirinstructions.ThunderstormsWhenmoistwarmairrisesrapidly,athunderstormcanform.Thunderstormsbringhighwinds,heavyrain,lightning,andsometimeshail.Thunderstormsappearallaroundourplaneteveryday.Theycanformatanytime,butmostoftenformintheafternoonandeveningduringwarmseasons.Thunderstormscanbeverydangerous.Lightningfromthunderstormskillsmorepeopleeveryyearthantornadoesdo.LightingLightingisapowerfulblastofelectricitythatcanforminthunderstormsandstriketheearthwithapowerfulforce.Inorderforlightningtooccur,firsthighwindswithinathunderstormcauseiceandwaterparticlestobumpupagainsteachotherathighspeeds.Thiscausesachargetobuildup.Thetopofthethunderstormispositivelycharged,butthebottomofthethunderstormbuildsupanegativecharge.Oncethenegativechargebuildsuptoacertainpoint,itwillalldischargeatonceintheformofalightingbolt.Sinceobjectsonthegroundarealsopositivelycharged，thelightingcanoftenstrikeanobjectonthegroundLightningwilloftenhitthehighestpointonland.It’salsoattractedtometal.Duringalightningstorm，besuretogetinside.Don’tstandunderatreeorholdsomethingmetallikeametalumbrellaorgolfclub.Also，besuretogetoutofthewater.Donotswiminapoolduringathunderstorm.HurricanesHurricanesarehugepowerfulstormsthatformoutovertheocean.Theycanbeupto600mileswide！Hurricanesbringhighwinds，heavyrain，floods，andastormsurgefromthethatcancauseterribledevastation.Hurricanesforminthesummerandfall，whenthewaterintheoceaniswarm.Hurricanesgettheirenergyfromthewarmoceanwater，whichmustbeover80degreesFahrenheit.Hurricanesgettheirhighwindsfromspinningaroundthecenterofthehurricanecalledtheeye.TheyspinduetotheCoriolisforceoftheplanet’sspin.Thewindisusuallycalmattheverycentre，butjustoutsidethecentresteadywindsof80to150milesperhourcanbefound.TornadoesTornadoesareviolentcolumnsofwindthatspinveryfast.Theyextendfromthebottomofthunderstormstothegroundandcanhavewindsofupto300milesperhour.Tornadoesaresmallerthanhurricanesandformoverlandratherthansea.Theygettheirenergyfromlargethunderstorms.Tornadoesthatformoverwaterarecalledwaterspouts（水龍卷）.Beforeatornadotouchesthegroundit’scalledafunnelcloud.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whichofthefollowingcanoccurwithinthunderstorms?A.Lightning.B.Highwinds.C.Heavyrain.D.Alloftheabove.2.Whichtimeofadaydothunderstormsusuallyformduringwarmseasons?A.Intheearlymorning.B.Atmidnight.C.Intheafternoonandevening.D.Beforesunrise.3.Whatshouldyoudoduringalightningstorm?A.Gotothetopofahill.B.Holdyourmetalumbrella.C.Standunderatree.D.Goinsideabuilding.4.Wheredohurricanesform?A.Overtheocean.B.Overflatareasofland.C.Onhighmountains.D.Intheforest.5.Whatdowecalltornadoesthatformoverwater?A.Whirlwinds.B.Funnelclouds.C.Twisters.D.Waterspouts.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞rapidly adv.快，迅速地記詞根記憶：rapid（快的）+ly（…地）迅速地thunderstormn.雷暴，雷雨記組合詞：thunder（雷）+storm（暴風(fēng)雨）→雷電交加的暴風(fēng)雨→雷暴lightningn.閃電記聯(lián)想記憶：light（光）+ning→極強(qiáng)的光→閃電tornado n.龍卷風(fēng)；旋風(fēng)記詞根記憶：torn（轉(zhuǎn)）+ado→旋轉(zhuǎn)著的風(fēng)→龍卷風(fēng)occur ⅵ.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)記詞根記憶：oc（表加強(qiáng)）+cur（跑；發(fā)生）發(fā)生例Itneveroccurstotheboytocontacthisparents.這個(gè)男孩從來(lái)也想不起聯(lián)系自己的父母charge n.電荷；費(fèi)用；主管，負(fù)責(zé)v.給…充電；收費(fèi)；控訴；使承擔(dān)責(zé)任搭positive/negativecharge正負(fù)電荷incharge（of支配；負(fù)責(zé)inthechargeof受…的支配，由…負(fù)責(zé)takecharge（ofsth）控制，掌管freeofcharge免費(fèi)chargesbsomemoney向某人要價(jià)（收費(fèi)）object n.實(shí)物，物體vi.反對(duì)；不贊成記詞根記憶：ob（反）+ject(扔)反向扔→反對(duì)例Thereisanobjectintheshapeofaball這里有一個(gè)球狀物體。calm adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的v.（使）平靜；（使）鎮(zhèn)定英（oftheweather）withoutwind記聯(lián)想記憶：接到求救電話（call）定要鎮(zhèn)靜（calm）搭acalmday無(wú)風(fēng)的一天calmdown（使）平靜下來(lái)；（使）鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)steady adj.平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)定的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的英developing，growing，etc.graduallyandinanevenandregularway記聯(lián)想記憶：什么事情都做好準(zhǔn)備（ready），做起來(lái)就很平穩(wěn)（steady）extend vt.延長(zhǎng)；延伸記詞根記憶：ex（出）+tend（伸展）→伸展出去→延長(zhǎng)例Iwonderifitispossibleformetoextendmystayherefortwodays.我想知道是否可以讓我在這里多待兩天。Vocabulary進(jìn)階詞moist adj.潮濕的；多雨的英slightlywet記聯(lián)想記憶：隱藏在薄霧（mist）中潮濕的（moist）城市搭warmandmoistair暖濕氣流hall n.冰雹；一陣v.下冰雹；招呼；高呼；贊揚(yáng)，稱(chēng)頌記聯(lián)想記憶：冰雹（hail）讓航行（sail）計(jì)劃無(wú)法實(shí)施（fail）blast n爆炸；沖擊波；響聲；一陣（大風(fēng)、氣流等）v爆炸；發(fā)出尖響；猛烈抨擊搭abombblast炸彈爆炸discharge n.流出物；放電v.釋放；放（電）；解雇；清償；履行記聯(lián)想記憶：dis（表否定）+charge（充電）→放電搭dischargeelectricity放電bolt n.閃電，雷電；插銷(xiāo)，門(mén)閂ⅵ.沖出；閂上英asuddenflashoflightning記聯(lián)想記憶：只有大膽的（bold）人才敢逃跑，沖出去（bolt）搭aboltfrom/outoftheblue晴天霹靂，意外事件hurricane n.颶風(fēng)記聯(lián)想記憶：hurri（看作hury，匆忙）+cane→來(lái)得很匆忙的風(fēng)→颶風(fēng)surgev.涌動(dòng)；蜂擁而出；飛漲，激增n.洶涌，澎湃；猛漲；（感情等）奔放記詞根記憶：surg（升起）+e→涌動(dòng)例Thecrowdsurgedtowardthes