初中英語時態(tài)專題講解-課件

初中語法專題（一）時態(tài)1PPT課件一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般將來時將來時2過P去PT課件一般現(xiàn)在時PPT課件3一、一般現(xiàn)在時：PPT課件4概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時間狀語：always,

usually,

often,

sometimes,

everyweek

(day,

year,

month…),

once

a

week,on

Sundays,

etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動詞；②行為動詞否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①把be動詞放于句首；②用助動

詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。什么情況下用？PPT課件5①表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。②表示主語通常的能力、興趣愛好、和性格特征。③表示客觀的事實(shí)或真理。④表示按照時刻表或已經(jīng)計劃安排好的將來行為。PPT課件6（只限于是go,

come,

leave,arrive,

begin,

start,

takeoff,

stop, be等表示開始或移動意義的詞。）⑤在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(will+動詞原形)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。（主將從現(xiàn)）當(dāng)主語是第三人稱

時，謂語動詞要用

第三人稱單數(shù)形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用動詞原形。PPT課件7動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則PPT課件8PPT課件9He

(be,

am,

is,

are)

a

teacher

atNo.

2

Middle

School.He

(have,

has)

classes

in

theafternoon.He

(get,

gets)

up

at

half

past

sixevery

morning.He

always

(come,

comes

)

to

schoolon

time.He

(study,

studies)

very

hard

athis

lesson.One

and

two

(be,

is,

are)

three.Blue

and

yellow

(make,

makes)green.The

earth

(move,

moves)

round

thesun.I

will

go

there

if

I

(

be,

will

be,am,

is,

are)

free

tomorrow.PPT課件1010.

I

will

go

there

when

Iave,will

have,

has)

time

(htomorrow.He

won’t

come

to

the

partyunless

he

(be,

will

be,

am,

is,are)

invited.I’ll

wait

here

until

my

motheromes

(come,

c

,

will

come)

back.h,finisPlease

return

the

book

to

thelibrary

as

soon

as

you

(finishes,

will

finish)

reading

it.Once

you

(see,

sees,

willneve11see)

him,

you willPPT課件

r

forget

him.一般過去時PPT課件12概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。時間狀語：ago,

yesterday,

the

daybefore

yesterday,

last

week(year,night,

month…),

in

1989,

just

now,

atthe

age

of

5,

one

day,

long

long

ago,once

upon

a

time,

etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動詞；②行為動詞否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。PPT課件13謂語動詞使用過去式形式，加ed，分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化。表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也可用“used

to

do”和“would+動詞原形”。PPT課件14PPT課件15were,

been)

here1.

He

(be,

was,a

moment

ago.They

(be,

was,

were,

been)here

just

now.The

scientists

(leave,leaves,

leaved,

left)

for

Americayesterday.Last

week

we

(visit,

visited)

the

Science

Museum.When

I

was

a

child,

I

often

(play,

played)

football.The

students

ran

out

of

theclassroom

as

soon

as

the

bell16PPT課件(ring,

rang,

rung).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時PPT課件17作謂語的動詞用來表示動作（情況）發(fā)生時間的各種形式稱為時態(tài)。概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。時間狀語：Now,

at

this

time,days,

look. listen等時間狀語做標(biāo)志。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be

+doing +其他否定形式：主語+be

+not +doing+其他一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。PPT課件186.

用法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示PPT課件191)、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時此刻”。E.g.

He

is

reading

.They

are

talking

now.2)、當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。E.g.

They

are

working

these

days.3)、 某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表預(yù)定的計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。E.g

I

am

coming.現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有PPT課件20、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing

,E.g.jump、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去e，再加-ing.

E.g

have

write3)、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加上-ing.

E.g.

sit

put其句式變換都在be上做文章。I

(write,

am

writing,

iswriting,

are

writing)

a

letter

now.Look,

it

(begin,

is

beginning,am

beginning,

are

beginning)

to

rain.They

(study,

is

studying,

amstudying,

are

studying)

medicine

atthe

Medical

Institute

of

Chengdethese

days.He

(teach,

am

teaching,

isteaching,

are

teaching)

an

Englishlesson

at

this

time.PPT課件21過去進(jìn)行時PPT課件22概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。時間狀語：at

this

timeyesterday,

at

that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+was/were

+doing

+其他4.否定形式：主語+was/were

+

not+doing+其他5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫）其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。PPT課件23過去進(jìn)行時常與過去某一特定時間的狀語連用，如

last

night,at

that

time,

at

noonyesterday,

last

Sunday 等。也有時沒有時間狀語，要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進(jìn)行時。PPT課件24I

(cook,

cooked,

was

cooking,

werecooking)

breakfast

when

you

arrived.What

you

(

do,

did,was...doing,

were…doing)

at

this

timeyesterday

evening?We

(have,

are

having,

had,

werehaving)

dinner

when

the

doorbell

rang.While/

When/

As

we

(

have,

had,

arehaving,

were

having)

dinner,

the

doorbellrang.PPT課件25一般將來時PPT課件26構(gòu)成:①will,shall+動詞原形，其中shall只用于第一人稱。②be

going

to +動詞原形，表示主觀打算，按計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事情。

③be

to +動詞原形，表示客觀安排

④

be

about

to +不定式，意為馬上要做某事，正要做某事。⑤某些動詞，可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表將來，如come,

go,

arrive,leave。⑥在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(will+動詞原形)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。⑦一般現(xiàn)在時可表示按時間表發(fā)生的將來的動作(限

start,

begin,

arrive,

end,

close,

leave---等表示開始或移動意義的詞)PPT課件27時間狀語：Tomorrow,

nextday(week,

month,year…),soon,

in

a

fewminutes,

by…,the

dayafter

tomorrow,

etc.PPT課件28否定形式：主語+am/is/are

not

going

todo ；主語+will/shall

not do+其他一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。e.g.

She

will

be

back

in

three

days.She

will

not

be

back

in

three

days.Will

She

be

back

in

three

days?They

are

going

to

clean

theirclassroom.They

are

not

going

to

clean

theirclassroom.Are

they

going

to

clean

theirclassroom?PPT課件291

you

a

doctor

when

you

grow

up?A

Will;

going

to

beC

Are;

/B

Are;

going

to

beD

Will;

be2

I

don’t

know

if

his

uncle

.

I

think

he

if

it

doesn’t

rain.A

will

come;

comesC

comes;

comesB

will

come;

will

come

D

comes;

will

comeHe

will

be

back

a

few

minutes.A

with

B

for

C

on

D

inWhat

time

we

meet

at

the

gate

tomorrow?A

will

B

shall

C

do

D

areHe

will

have

a

holiday

as

soon

as

he

the

worknext

week.A

finishesC

will

finishB

doesn’t

finishD

won’t

finishPPT課件306

There

some

showers

this

afternoon.A

will

beC

is

going

to

beB

will

haveD

are

going

to

have7

It

my

brother’s

birthday

tomorrow.

She

a

party.B

will

be;

is

havingD

will

have;

is

goingA

is

going

to

be;

will

haveC

will

be;

is

going

to

haveto

be8

Li

Ming

is

10

years

old

now,

next

year

he

11.A

is

B

is

going

to

be

C

will

be

D

will

to

bePPT課件31過去將來時PPT課件32構(gòu)成：（would

+ 動詞原形，或?qū)頃r的其它過去構(gòu)成形式was

going

to

do……）表示以過去某一時間為參照，在過去看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。在賓語從句及間接引語中，時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，經(jīng)常會用到過去將來時。如I

thought

it

was

goingto

be

fun.時間狀語：---soon/the

next day---that-clause(名詞性從句或上下文中---)PPT課件33I

told

my

friend

that

I

(should/

would

arrive,

shall/

willarrive)

soon.They

looked

at

those

clouds

overthe

sky.

It

(is

going

to

rain,was

going

to

rain).They

said

that

they

(are

tomeet,

were

to

meet)

at

the

gatethe

next

day.

We

(are

about

to

go,

wereabout

to

go)

out

when

it

startedtorain.PPT課件34現(xiàn)在完成時PPT課件35概念：表示發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛剛結(jié)束也有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來，并對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響或結(jié)果。常與since+過去時（間）, for+一段時間連用。表示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動作。時間狀語：yet,

already,

just,never,

ever,

so

far,

by

now,since+時間點(diǎn)，for+時間段，recently,

lately,

in

the

pastfew

years,

etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has

+p.p（PPT課件36過去分詞）+其他4.否定形式：主語+have/has

+

not+p.p（過去分詞）+其他5.一般疑問句：have/has+主語

+p.p（過去分詞）+其他?37PPT課件非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞在時間上沒有延續(xù)性，常見的有come,

go,

arrive,leave,

begin,

start,

buy,join,

die,

buy,

find,

stop,become,

open,

borrow,

lend,appear,

close,

fall,

finish,sell,

lose, kill等，這些動詞不

能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。但是，非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可

以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與for/since38等時PPT間課件狀語連用。有些同學(xué)錯誤地認(rèn)為這類非延續(xù)性動詞不能用于完成時態(tài)中。其實(shí)，錯誤的本質(zhì)在于非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段的錯誤搭配，與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)無關(guān)。PPT課件39延續(xù)性語境中的非延續(xù)性動詞的使用PPT課件40在具體的語言環(huán)境中，往往會出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語影響，往往錯誤地直譯為：He

has

fallen

asleep

for

an

hour.他睡了一小時了。（×）His

father

has

died

for

three

years.他父親去世三年了。（×）當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時，我們往往采取以下解決方法：（1）將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞。所謂狀態(tài)動詞就是指這一動作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。如：He

has

been

asleep

for

anhour.

（fall asleep,“入睡”為短暫動作，但be asleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動詞，可延續(xù)。）His

father

has

been

deadfor

three years.（die為短暫動詞，“死”后的狀態(tài)可用“be dead”這種系表結(jié)構(gòu)來描述，可延續(xù)。）PPT課件41常見的這種動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類：go

there—be

there,

comeback—be

back,

borrow—keep,buy/catch—have,

arrive—be

in,begin—be

on,

die—be

dead,

leave—be

away

from,

fall

asleep—beasleep,

become—be,

join—be

in/amember

of,

come

→

be

in，finish→

be

over，

leaver

→

be

awayPPT課件42have

（has）been 和have（has）

gone

的區(qū)別PPT課件43have

been

to

a

place意思是“到過、去過”，表示曾到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒；havegonetoaplace表示“去了”，已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已經(jīng)到那兒了。You

have

a tall

young

man.A

grown

B

grown

into

C

grown

us

D

grown

upHe

has

the watch

for

a

year.A

buy

B

bought

C

have

D

hadHas

your

brother

the dog?A

kept

in

B

fed

C

fed

on

D

kept

onI

this

book

for

two

weeks,

I

have

to

return

it now.A

borrowed

B

have

borrowed

C

kept

D

have

kept5.

Have

you

ever

to

the

Great

Wall?

It's

verybeautiful.

A

gone

B

been

C

went

D

go6.

Her

brother

the

Party

since

1978.A

joined

B

has

joined

C

has

been

in

D

was

in7.

The

Greens

many

places

of

interest

since

theycame

to

China.A

will

visit

B

visited

C

have

visited

D

visitPPT課件448

I'm

sorry,

I

your name.B

forgotDA

had

forgottenC

have

forgottenforgotten9

The

bookshop

for eight

years.A

has

been

openC

has

openedB

has

been

openedD

has

open10

We

have

all the

paper

so

weneed

to

buy

some.A

used

upC

filled

withB

made

ofD

hunted

for11

The

flower

I

grown

up.A

planted

hasC

has

plantedB

planted

haveD

have

plantedPPT課件45巧解現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)題PPT課件46技巧1:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時中的“段時間”?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),多和表示一段時間的狀語連用:for+一段時間;since+點(diǎn)時間(since作連詞后接從句時,該從句要用一般過去時)

?，F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)也用在含有during

/

in/

over

the

lastyears或in

recent years等的句子中。PPT課件47趁熱打鐵PPT課件481.

The

Oriental

Pearl

TV

Tower

tensof

thousands

of

visitors

since

1995.A.

attractedC.

has

attractedB.

attractsD.

will

attract2.

—How

long

you

here?—For

about

two

years

so

far.A.

have,

studiedB.

did,

liveD.

were,C.

do,

stayswimming3.

—How

is

your

father?

I

him

for

a

longtime.A.

don’t

seeC.

didn’t

see—He

is

fine,

but

busy.B.

hadn’t

seenD.

haven’t

seen4.

Meimei

has

received

several

letters

fromher

hometown

since

she

to thecity.A.

camewill

come49B.

comes

C.

has

come

D.PPT課件技巧2:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞標(biāo)志或句型。在做時態(tài)題時,注意觀察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞:yet,already,

never,

lately,recently,

ever,

just,

before,(ever) since等。句型:It

has

been

+ 段時間+since

+ 過去時. 也可以表示為:It

is

+ 段時間+since

+ 過去時.50PPT課件趁熱打鐵1.

—What

are

you

going

to

do

this

weekend?—I

yet.A.

haven’t

decidedC.

have

decidedB.

won’t

decideD.

didn’t

decide2.

My

mother

the windows

already,

so

the

roomlooks

much

brighter.A.

has

cleanedC.

is

cleaningB.

had

cleanedD.

will

clean3.

It

ten years

since

we

last

in Beijing.1.

was,

metC.

was,

meetB.

has

been,

metD.

is,

meetA.

4. —How

long

has

the

weather

been

like

this?—

.Until

last

nightA.

C.

Two

days

agoB.

Ever

since

last

nightD.

Two

days

laterPPT課件51技巧3:把握have

been

to與havegone

to的區(qū)別。have

been

to 曾經(jīng)去過某處(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的經(jīng)歷)have

gone to去了某處(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語已經(jīng)離開說話者所在的地方,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來)PPT課件52趁熱打鐵PPT課件531. —Is

that

Jack

speaking?—Sorry,

he

isn’t

in

right

now.

He

the cinema

with

his

aunt.A.

has

been

toC.

have

been

toB.

has

gone

toD.

have

gone

to—Hello,

may

I

speak

to

your

father,please?—Sorry,

my

father

toShanghai.

He

went

there

this

morning.A.

goes

B.

has

gone

C.

hasbeen

D.

go—How

many

times

you

toBeijing

thishave,

beenyear?B.—Three

times.had,

beenC.have,gonePPT課件D.hadgone54技巧4:分清延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作可以持續(xù)的動詞。如:have,

keep,

study,live, teach等。非延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作瞬間完成的動詞。如:begin,

buy,

borrow,lend等。做題時,要注意句中是否有段時間,如果有則用延續(xù)性動詞。PPT課件55趁熱打鐵PPT課件561. —Oh,

Mrs.

King,

your

dress

looks

nice.

Is

itnew?—No,

I

it since

two

years

ago.A.

hadC.

have

hadB.

boughtD.

have

bought2.

Tom

the CD

player

for

two

weeks.A.

has

lentC.

has

boughtB.

has

borrowedD.

has

had3. —How

long

has

the

foreigner

here?—He

has

here for

several

hours.arrived;

comeA.

C.

stayed;

beenB.

come;

gotD.

left;

been

away4.

The

film

for half

an

hour.has

beg