201006江蘇牛津英語(yǔ)高一英語(yǔ)期末復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

海安中學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)期末復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞PAGEPAGE6情態(tài)動(dòng)詞顧慶華基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)清單（1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有不定式，分詞，等形式。（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義及變化形式一覽表：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義否定式疑問(wèn)式與簡(jiǎn)答can能力允許或許可可能性cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以可能，或許祝愿maynotdoMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.must必須，應(yīng)該肯定，想必mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.haveto客觀的必須don’thavetodoDo…h(huán)avetodo…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.oughtto義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall將要，會(huì)用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）本該（含有責(zé)備意味）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?will意愿，決心請(qǐng)求，建議willnot/won’tdoWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need需要必須neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.usedto過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Did…usetodo…?Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.（3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句注意can1.能力（體力，智力，技能）2.允許或許可（口語(yǔ)中常用）3.可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中）Shecandance.她會(huì)跳舞。CouldIhavethetelevisionon?Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是壞人。注意：could不表示時(shí)態(tài)1）提出委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。2）在否定，疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。couldmay1.表示允許或請(qǐng)求“可以”（問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求）2.可能，或許（表推測(cè)）3.祝愿（may用于祈使句，倒裝句中）MayIcomein?我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？Mayweneverforgeteachother.愿我們彼此永不相忘。Mayyoureturninsafety.愿你平安歸來(lái)。Hemightbeathome.注意：might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may小,沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)。mightmust1.必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）2.肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)）Imustfinishmyworktoday.我今天必須完成我的工作。HemustbethemanIamlookingfor.他一定是我要找的人。must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀思想，haveto表示客觀需要。Youmustdoitnow.（說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干）Ihavetogonow.我得走了。（客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走）haveto只好，不得不（客觀的必須，表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化）Idon’thavetofinishthejobtoday.你不必/不一定要在今天完成這項(xiàng)工作。oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should）Yououghttobringthechildhere.你應(yīng)該把孩子帶來(lái)。表示要求，命令時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣由should(應(yīng)該)、hadbetter(最好)、must(必須)漸強(qiáng)。shall1．用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求。2．用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Shallthedriverwaitoutside?讓司機(jī)在外面等著嗎？Whenshallmyfatherbeabletoleavehospital? 我父親什么時(shí)候可以出院？Youshallgowithme.(命令)YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.（允諾）Heshouldbepunished.(威脅)should1.應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）2.本該（含有責(zé)備意味）3.表示說(shuō)話人驚奇、失望、憂慮、惋惜、憤怒、歡欣等情緒。4.用于疑問(wèn)句中表示驚訝、難以相信或不應(yīng)該的事。Nowyouknowwhatyoushoulddo.現(xiàn)在你知道該怎么做了吧。It’sunfairthattheyshouldtreatblackpeoplelikethat!HowshouldIknow?我怎么知道？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should一般不應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall的過(guò)去式。Should也表示委婉、謙遜，意為“可、倒……”Ishouldthinkso.我可是這樣想的。Youaremistaken,Ishouldsay.據(jù)我看，你可搞錯(cuò)了。will1.用于各人稱，表意愿，決心2.用于第二人稱的疑問(wèn)句表請(qǐng)求，建議，would比較委婉3.表推測(cè)。4.will表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、傾向性；would表過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。Wouldyouteachushowtodriveacar?請(qǐng)你教我們?cè)鯓娱_(kāi)車(chē)好嗎？Waterwillboilat1000HewouldcometoseemeonSundaywhenhewasinBeijing.他在北京時(shí)周日常來(lái)看我。willnot

或wouldnot和一些主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用，表示“怎么也不”。Hanktriedthedooragain,butitwouldn’topen.漢克又一次試著開(kāi)門(mén)，但怎么也打不開(kāi)。woulddare1.敢（常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中）2.Idaresay意為“我想”、“大概”Idarenotgothere.我不敢去那里。Idaresayhe’sright.我想他是對(duì)的。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后接不定式，有人稱、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。Doyoudaretojumpintotheocean?need“需要”只用原形need后加do，否定形式為neednot。必須（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）Needyougoyet?Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn't/don’thaveto.作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為執(zhí)行者用不定式主動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作承受者用動(dòng)名詞主運(yùn)動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。usedto過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）Heusedtogetupearly,butnowhegetsupverylate.usedto表示過(guò)去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而would只表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。hadbetter“最好”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。Itisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.She'dbetternotplaywiththedog.wouldrather表示"寧愿"wouldrather…than…寧愿……而不愿。Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.還有wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.（3）“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”用法一覽表情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式用法例句musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了某事”Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthemadwasquitemuddy.Thelightswereout,theymusthavebeenasleep.canhavedonecannothavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。Hecannothaveforgottenit.Canhehavegonetohisaunt’s?couldhavedone可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)……”之意，此外，還可以表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，意為“本來(lái)可以……”Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyouweretoocareless.IsawMr.Wangjustnow,hecouldn’thavegonetoBeijing.may\mighthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生行為的推測(cè)，意為“也許/或許/已經(jīng)（沒(méi)有）……”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問(wèn)句。用might則表示預(yù)期更加不肯定。It’stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Shemighthavecaughtacold.should\oughttohavedone用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“本該做某事”，而實(shí)際上未做，用于否定句時(shí)，則表示不該做的事反而做了。Youshouldhavecometothemeetingearlier.Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.Heoughtnottohavetreatedhisparentslikethat.needn’thavedone表示做了本來(lái)不必去做的事，注意：didn’tneedtodo表示“沒(méi)必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做某事”。Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.hadbetterhavedone用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事”，其否定式hadbetternothavedone表達(dá)相反的含義。Youhadbetterhavestartedearlier.Youhadbetternothavescoldedher.Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.wouldratherhavedone表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”，其否定式wouldrathernothavedone表達(dá)相反含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。Iwouldratherhavetakenhisadvise.Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.mighthavedone表示“本來(lái)可能……”，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可以表示“本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事”之意。Youshouldnothaveswuminthatsea,youmighthavebeeneatenbyfish,youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp,thoughyouwerebusy.wouldliketohavedonesth本打算做某事Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.2007年情態(tài)動(dòng)詞試題匯總1.(2007全國(guó)卷)How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must2.(2007北京卷)Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you_______takecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will3.(2007上海卷)Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.Great!You_______readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.mustB.shouldC.musthaveD.shouldhave4.(2007遼寧卷)TurnofftheTV,jack._______yourhomeworknow?Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.A.ShouldyoubedoingB.Shouldn’tyoubedoingC.Couldn’tyoubedoingD.Willyoubedoing5.(2007江蘇卷)Shelooksveryhappy.She______havepassedtheexam.Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might6.(2007浙江卷)Mycat’sreallyfat.You________havegivenhersomuchfood.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t7.(2007福建卷)MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where_______Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would8.(2007湖南卷)Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which______justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.A.shan’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t9.(2007重慶卷)Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?You_____doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.don’thavetoB.oughtn’ttoC.mustn’tD.can’t10.(2007江西卷)Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.You________itinthewrongplace.A.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveput11.(2007安徽卷)Theteacher______havethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn’thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.must12.(2007四川卷)Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?Noperson______smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.A.willB.mayC.shallD.must13.(2007陜西卷)Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsI_____havedrivenherthere.A.couldB.mustC.mightD.shouldn’t2008年高考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞試題匯總1.(2008江蘇卷)I’msorry.I________atyoutheotherday.Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshout D.mustn’thaveshouted2.(2008全國(guó)卷)Liza_________wellnotwanttogoonthetripshehatestraveling.A.will B.can C.must D.may3.(2008北京卷)Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe______notsmoke,andhehasneversmokedeversince.A.might B.should C.could D.would4.(2008天津卷)She________haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t5.(2008上海卷)Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,you________switchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.A.may B.can C.would D.should6.(2008遼寧卷)Peter_____bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.A.shall B.should C.can D.must7.(2008浙江卷)You_______behungryalreadyyouhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t8.(2008福建卷)ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit______berathercoldsometime.A.must B.can C.should D.would9.(2008湖南卷)Youdon’thavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook.You___findthebookbythetitle.A.must B.need C.can D.would10.(2008重慶卷)Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.You_______havelostitwhileshopping.A.may B.can C.should D.would11.(2008江西卷)Whatapit.Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he_______better.A.needhavedone B.musthavedone C.canhavedone D.mighthavedone12.(2008四川卷)Althoughthis_____soundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.A.must B.may C.shall D.should13.(2008四川卷)Wehadtomakethecorrectionsbyhandasthecomputer______dothemforus.A.mightn’tB.needn’tC.shouldn’tD.wouldn’t14.(2008陜西卷)Whatsortofhousedoyouwanttohave?Somethingbig?Well,it______bebigthat’snotimportant.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.won’t2009年高考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞試題匯總1.(2009全國(guó)卷)Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There_______betwelve.A.should B.would C.will D.shall2.（2009全國(guó)卷）Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatI_______stayhereuntilshecomesback.A.can B.must C.will D.may3.(2009江蘇卷)Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe______itdifferently.A.couldexpress B.wouldexpress C.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed4.(2009天津卷)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.would B.should C.could D.might5.（2009遼寧卷）Thetrafficisheavythesedays,I_______arriveabitlate,socouldyousavemeaplace?A.can B.must C.need D.might6.(2009浙江卷)Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou______swimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t7.(2009安徽卷)Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;they____justbequietpeople.A.must B.may C.should D.would8.(2009安徽卷)Butfortheirhelp,we________theprogramintime.A.cannotfinish B.willnotfinish C.hadnotfinished D.couldnothavefinished9.(2009北京卷)Oneofthefewthingsyou________sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.need B.must C.should D.can10.(2009上海卷)It______havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.A.may B.can C.must D.should11.(2009湖南卷)It’stheoffice!Soyou_______knoweatingisnotallowedhere.Oh,sorry.A.must B.will C.may D.need12.(2009湖南卷）YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,_________?A.couldyou B.couldn’tI C.couldn’twe D.couldwe13.(2009重慶卷)Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?She_________intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.A.shallbe B.shouldhavebeen C.mustbe D.mighthavebeen14.(2009四川卷)Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.Well,you_________.A.could B.would C.should D.might15.(2009陜西卷)Hemustbehelpingtheoldmantowatertheflowers,________?A.ishe B.isn’the C.musthe D.mustn’the2010年高考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞試題匯總1.（2010安徽卷）Jackdescriedhisfather,who_____abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-wiledmanA.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.musthavebeen2.（2010安徽卷）______?--Thatwouldbegreat!Pleasedropmeoffatthelibrary.A.couldyoubringmethebillB.wouldyoulikemetogiveyoualiftC.couldyoutellmethepostcodeforPatinaD.Wouldyouliketohavemye-mailaddress.3.（2010北京卷）--Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.Ah,goodmorning.YoubeMrs.Peters.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.can4.（2010福建卷）Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow5.（2010全國(guó)卷）Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit_______beregularexercise.A．canB．willC．mustD．may6.（2010全國(guó)卷）I’mafraidMr.harding____seeyounow.He’sbusy.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t7.（2010湖南卷）Youbuyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustn'tC.havetoD.don'thaveto8.（2010江蘇卷）Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may9.（2010江西卷）IhavetoldyouthetruthIkeeprepeatingit? A.Must B.Can C.May D.Will10.（2010遼寧卷）Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butitberegularexercise.A.canB.willC.mustD.may11.（2010山東卷）I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t12.（2010陜西卷）MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?No,you.Youreaditinhere.A.mightn’tB.won’tC.need’tD.mustn’t13.（2010上海卷）Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn't14.（2010四川卷）—_____Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.Need15.（2010浙江卷）“You____haveawrongnumber,”shesaid.“There’snooneofthatnamehere.”A.needB.canC.mustD.would16.（2010重慶卷）Youparkhere!It’sanemergencyexit.A.wouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t2011情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.（2011·遼寧卷）Ifyou__go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.（2011·北京卷）—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen3.（2011·北京卷）—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot4.（2011·江西卷）It_______bethepostmanatthedoor,It’sonlysiso’clock.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.neddn’t5.（2011·四川卷）Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthe