必修③ UNIT 6 課下主題訓(xùn)練 自然災(zāi)害與防范安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù)

PAGE第5頁(yè)共6頁(yè)必修③UNIT6課下主題訓(xùn)練自然災(zāi)害與防范，安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·珠海高三檢測(cè))ThestartoftheUSAtlantichurricaneseasonisjustovertwoweeksawayandforecastersareexpectingparticularlyhighactivitythisyear.WithwarmerthanusualconditionsexpectedintheNorthAtlanticthissummer,meteorologistshavepredictedthattheseasoncouldproduceeightormoreWhileforecasterscannotpredicthowmanyhurricanes—ifany—willmakelandfall,thepotentialfordangerousstormstostrikethesouthernandeasterncoastsbringsanadditionalproblemforauthoritiesalreadystrugglingwiththeCOVID-19.ExpertssaythattheCOVID-19isaffectingthecapabilitiesoftheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)andotherorganizationsinvolvedinrespondingtonaturaldisasters.RetiredUSArmyLieutenantGeneralJeffreyTalley,whonowleadsglobaleffortsondisastermanagementatIBM'sCenterfortheBusinessofGovernment,saidthatwithFEMAandotherauthoritiesengagedwithrespondingtotheCOVID-19,resourceswillbelimitedifahurricanestrikes.“Whenwelookatadisaster...Ithinkofitintermsofhowwepreparefor,respondtoandrecoverfromthosetypesofevents，”Talleysaid.“Rightnowwe'reinthemiddleoftheresponseofCOVID-19.Noneofusarereallysurehowlongit'sgoingtolastandhowtheresponsetodisastersisgoingtobedifferent,say,twomonthsfromnow,sixmonthsfromnow,soonandsoforth，”hesaid.AccordingtoTalley,theCOVID-19couldcomplicatetheresponsetoahurricanebyinterruptingtheflowofemergencysuppliestoareaswheretheyareurgentlyneededatcrucialmoments.Socialdistancingandstay-at-homeorderswillalsoforceauthoritiesalongthesouthandeastcoasttorethinkhowtheymanagepeoplewhomustleavetheirhomesintheeventofadisaster.Whilemanystatesarealreadyliftingsomelockdownrestrictions,socialdistancingwillstillbeimportantformanymonthstocome.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了美國(guó)颶風(fēng)活動(dòng)特別頻繁，而COVID-19使應(yīng)對(duì)颶風(fēng)的工作復(fù)雜化。1．WhenwillthefirsthurricanepossiblyarriveinUSthissummer?A．Inabouteightdays. B．Inaboutsixmonths.C．Inabouttwomonths. D．Inmorethantwoweeks.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，今年夏天第一場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)將在未來(lái)兩個(gè)多星期到達(dá)美國(guó)。故選D。2．AccordingtoTalley,howcouldCOVID-19influencetheresponsetoahurricane?A．Morepeoplewillleavehometofightagainstahurricane.B．Rescuematerialsmightnotreachdisasterareassometimes.C．Lockdowncangreatlyreducedamageandinjury.D．Thepandemicmakesithardertopredicthurricanes.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，COVID-19會(huì)導(dǎo)致救援物資有時(shí)可能無(wú)法到達(dá)災(zāi)區(qū)，從而影響對(duì)颶風(fēng)的響應(yīng)。故選B。3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Peoplethroughoutthecountrynolongerneedtostayathome.B．Thestategovernmentsareconfidentabouttacklinghurricanes.C．Authoritiesalongthecoastswillsticktotheformerorders.D．Itisnecessarytokeepsocialdistanceinthecomingmonths.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月里保持社交距離是必要的。故選D。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MoreDestructiveHurricanestoBeExpected.B．MoreDifficulttoForecastHurricanesComing.C．COVID-19toWorsenHurricaneResponse.D．SocialDistancingNeededinComingMonths.解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第三段可知，專家表示，COVID-19正在影響美國(guó)聯(lián)邦緊急事務(wù)管理局和其他參與應(yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害的組織的能力。結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了COVID-19可能會(huì)中斷向在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻急需物資的地區(qū)運(yùn)送緊急物資，從而使應(yīng)對(duì)颶風(fēng)的工作復(fù)雜化。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“COVID-19將惡化對(duì)颶風(fēng)的應(yīng)對(duì)措施”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。B(2021·濰坊模擬)“Likeamonster,itdestroyseverything.”That'showoneschoolgirldescribedatsunami.OnDec.26,2004,amagnitude-9.1earthquakeinIndonesiasetoffamassivetsunami.Itkilledmorethan230,000peopleacrossfourcountriesandcostanestimatedD|S10billionindamage.Nov.5isWorldTsunamiAwarenessDayandattheUnitedNationsWednesday,disasterriskreductionwashighontheagenda.“WhatIcantellyouisthatthetsunamiwavecannotbestopped，”saidBulgariansU．N.AmbassadorGeorgiVelikovPanayotov.HewasonvacationinThailandin2004andsurvivedthetsunami.“Whatwecandoistobuildearlywarningsystemsand,ofcourse,educatethepopulationaboutthedamagingpowerofthetsunamiwave，”hesaid.OnMarch11,2011,amagnitude-9earthquakerockednortheasternJapantriggeringafiercetsunamithatalsodamagedtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearplant,southofSendai.“WhenthebigearthquakehitJapanin2011,peoplethoughtthatwewerepreparedforit，”saidJapan'sU．N.AmbassadorKoroBessho.“Itcausedseveredamage.Wehaddams;wehaddrills.However,wehadbeencountingonsomethingthathitsevery100yearsandtheearthquakewasofthesizeofpossiblyevery500yearsorthousandyears，”hesaid.Thesetwoeventssentthecountriesoftheregionintooverdrivetoreviewandimprovedisasterpreparedness.In2015theSendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReductionwasborn.Itaimstohelpcreateabetterunderstandingofdisasterriskandimprovepreparednessforaneffectiveresponse.Indonesiaismadeupofthousandsofislandswhicharedisaster-prone(易受災(zāi)地區(qū)).WillemRampangilei,headoftheDisasterManagementAgencyofIndonesia,saidhisgovernmentnowhasplansforeverydisaster-pronecity.Countriesatriskarealsoexpandingtheireducationprograms.Childrenfromanearlyagearetaughthowtoreactincaseofatsunamiandthengowiththeirclassmatestohighergroundawayfromcoastalareastoavoidthewallsofwaterthetsunamitriggers.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了海嘯頻發(fā)的國(guó)家從災(zāi)難中吸取教訓(xùn)，改進(jìn)防災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備工作，預(yù)防未來(lái)再次發(fā)生海嘯。5．WhatdoesGeorgiVelikovPanayotovmainlytalkabout?A．Thegeneralfeaturesofatsunami.B．Waysforhumanstofaceatsunami.C．Hissufferinginthe2004tsunami.D．Thelosscausedbythe2004tsunami.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，他主要在談?wù)撊祟惷鎸?duì)海嘯的方法，故選B項(xiàng)。6．InKoroBessho'sopinion,whydidthe2011earthquakecauseseveredamage?A．Itcausedafiercetsunami.B．Itdestroyedanuclearplant.C．Thesizewasbeyondexpectation.D．Therewasnoeffectivedefensesystem.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知，KoroBessho認(rèn)為地震的規(guī)模超過(guò)了他們的預(yù)期，導(dǎo)致他們準(zhǔn)備不足從而遭受了嚴(yán)重的損失。故選C項(xiàng)。7．Whatcommonbeliefpusheddifferentcountriestotakeactiontofaceacomingtsunami?A．Childrenshouldbeprotectedbyallmeans.B．Theimprovementofpreparednesscanreducedamage.C．Properresponseincaseofatsunamicansaveone'slife.D．Strongermeasuresshouldbetakenindisaster-proneareas.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段及第八段中的“saidhisgovernmentnowhasplansforeverydisaster-pronecity.”可知，印度和日本都吸取教訓(xùn)加強(qiáng)了防災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備工作來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)海嘯，由此判斷這些國(guó)家都認(rèn)為改進(jìn)準(zhǔn)備工作可以減少損失。故選B項(xiàng)。8．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．WorldTsunamiAwarenessDayB．NationsAttackedbyMassiveTsunamiC．TheUnpredictableandDestructiveDisasterD．LearnfromDisasterstoPreventFutureOnes解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。文章首先用印度的一場(chǎng)海嘯并引用保加利亞和日本國(guó)家大使在聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議的發(fā)言來(lái)表明海嘯的危害以及人們從中吸取的教訓(xùn)。接著作者以日本仙臺(tái)和印度為例說(shuō)明海嘯頻發(fā)地區(qū)各國(guó)從災(zāi)難中學(xué)習(xí)，加緊審查和改進(jìn)防災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備工作，并提到面臨海嘯風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的國(guó)家也在擴(kuò)大其教育項(xiàng)目。D項(xiàng)(人們從災(zāi)難中學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)預(yù)防未來(lái)的災(zāi)難)最能概括本文。故選D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空(2021·濟(jì)南高三一模)ThewildfiresinAustraliabecameconsiderablyworseinJanuary,2020.Thedisasterfacedby__1__countryisfarfromover.Manyofthefires__2__(send)smokehighintotheatmosphereandsomesmoketurnedintopyrocumulonimbusclouds.Thecloudscanhelpafiredrawinmoreairandshiftsurfacewinds,__3__(result)infiretornadoes(龍卷風(fēng)).Fireshavedestroyedhabitatsforanimalsthat__4__(find)onlyinAustralia,includingkoalasandrarebirds.Itwilltaketimetofullyknowhowmuchharmthefireshavedone__5__wildlife.Thewildfiresareexpected__6__(continue)burningformonthsasAustraliaentereditsdryseason.Thispastyear,2019,isthehottestanddriestyearonrecord.Fireshappen__7__(regular)duringtheAustraliandryseason.However,climateandnaturalchangesaremakingthesituation__8__(bad).Atleast12millionacreshavebeenburnedsofarinVictoriaandNewSouthWalesalone.Smokefromthefireshasmade__9__toSouthAmerica.Thereissomuchsmokethatitmaystayintheairformonths,__10__couldhaveasmalleffecton語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。澳大利亞的森林大火在2020年1月變得更加嚴(yán)重，同時(shí)火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生的煙霧又引發(fā)了火災(zāi)龍卷風(fēng)。文章說(shuō)明了這次大火對(duì)澳大利亞的破壞和影響。1．the考查冠詞。country為可數(shù)名詞，此處特指上文提到的Australia，應(yīng)用定冠詞。故填the。2．sent考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后文“andsomesmoketurnedintopyrocumulonimbusclouds”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填sent。3．resulting考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，result在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且與邏輯主語(yǔ)clouds構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填resulting。4．a(chǎn)refound考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)animals與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且描述客觀事實(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填arefound。5．to考查介詞。句意：要完全了解火災(zāi)對(duì)野生動(dòng)物造成了多大的傷害還需要時(shí)間。設(shè)空處表示“對(duì)于”應(yīng)用介詞to。故填to。6．tocontinue考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。beexpectedtodosth.表示“被期望做某事”，后跟不定式。故填tocontinue。7．regularly考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞happen，應(yīng)用副詞regularly，表示“頻繁地”。故填regularly。8．worse考查比較級(jí)。句意：然而，氣候和自然變化使情況變得更糟。設(shè)空處表示“更遭”應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式。故填worse。9．it考查代詞。m