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PAGE第1頁共6頁必修②UNIT6課下主題訓(xùn)練人與環(huán)境、人與動(dòng)植物Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·濱州高三模擬)Herearefourwomenwhomadeittheirlife'smissiontomaketheworldabetterplacethroughenvironmentalactivism.GretaThunberg“Ihavenotaccomplishedanything.”ThisstatementwasmadebyGretaThunberg(17yearsold)anditcouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Herdedicationtoprotectingtheenvironmenforourfuturegenerationsisallaccomplishmentonitsown.Herabilitytoresisttoadultsinpowerisadmirableandcontinuestopushtheimportanceofconservationtothefrontofourminds.PeggyShepardWEACTforEnvironmentalJusticeisanorganizationthat“throughadvocacy,planning,andresearch...mobilizeslow-incomecommunitiestomakeenvironmentalchanges.”Atthehelm(掌權(quán))ofWEACTisPeggyShepard.Hergoalistomakesurethatsustainableenvironmentalpracticesareaccessibletoall,regardlessofcircumstance.RachelCarsonAmericanmarinebiologist,writer,scientist,andecologist,RachelCarson(1907—1964),waswayaheadofhertime.Shewroteaboutconservationinthelate1930sandfocusedonhermissionofprotectingouroceans.Julia“Butterfly”HillInthelate90s,Julia“Butterfly”Hillspent738dayslivinginanancientredwood,calledLuna.ThisactbroughtawarenesstotheimmensehumanthreatstoRedwoodtrees.Juliacontinuestoadvocatefortheenvironment.“Bystandingtogetherinunity,solidarityandlove,wewillhealthewoundsintheearthandineachother.Wecanmakeapositivedifferencethroughouractions.”語篇解讀:本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了四位女性將通過環(huán)保行動(dòng)讓世界變得更美好作為她們的人生使命。1.WhatdoweknowaboutGretaThunberg?A.Shehasnotaccomplishedanything.B.Sheseldomtellsthetruth.C.Shefacespowerfulpeoplebravelytoprotectenvironment.D.Sheshowsgreatrespectandadmirationtopeopleinpower.解析:選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GretaThunberg介紹中的最后一句可知,在面對(duì)強(qiáng)權(quán)人物時(shí),她勇敢保護(hù)環(huán)境的行為令人欽佩。故選C項(xiàng)。2.WhydidPeggyShepardsetuptheorganizationWEACT?A.Tohelppoorpeopletoleadabetterlife.B.Toappealtolow-incomegrouptoprotectourenvironment.C.Tomakepeopleawareoftheenvironmentalstatus.D.Tocontrolthechangesofenvironment.解析:選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)PeggyShepard介紹中的第一句可知,這個(gè)組織是為了讓低收入者參與到保護(hù)環(huán)境的行動(dòng)中來。故選B項(xiàng)。3.Whopreferredtakingon-the-spotactionstoprotectenvironment?A.GretaThunberg. B.PeggyShepard.C.RachelCarson. D.Julia“Butterfly”Hill.解析:選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Julia“Butterfly”Hill介紹中的第一句可知,Julia“Butterfly”Hill以自己在一顆古老紅杉樹上居住了738天的行為來告訴人們要保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選D項(xiàng)。B(2021·重慶高三模擬)EarthDaywasfoundedin1970asadayofeducationaboutenvironmentalissues,andEarthDay2020occursonWednesday,April22—theholiday's50thanniversary.Theholidayisnowaglobalcelebrationthat'ssometimesextendedintoEarthWeek,afullsevendaysofeventsfocusedongreenliving.Bytheearly1960s,Americanswerebecomingawareoftheeffectsofpollutionontheenvironment.RachaelCarson's1962bestsellerSilentSpringpointedoutthedangerouseffectsofpesticides(殺蟲劑)ontheAmericancountryside.Laterinthedecade,a1969fireonCleveland'sCuyahogaElectedtotheUSSenatein1962,Senator(參議員)GaylordNelsonwasdeterminedtoconvincethefederalgovernmentthattheplanetwasatrisk.Inthefallof1969,Nelson,consideredoneoftheleadersofthemodernenvironmentalmovement,announcedtheEarthDayconceptataconferenceinSeattleandinvitedtheentirenationtogetinvolved.Helaterrecalled:“Theresponsewaselectric.Telegrams,lettersandtelephoneinquiriespouredinfromallacrossthecountry.TheAmericanpeoplefinallyhadanopportunitytoexpresstheirconcernaboutwhatwashappeningtotheland,rivers,lakesandair.”ThefirstEarthDaywaseffectiveatraisingawarenessaboutenvironmentalissuesandchangingpublicattitudes.AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),“Publicopinionspolls(投票)indicatethatinMay1971,25percentoftheUSpublicdeclaredprotectingtheenvironmenttobeanimportantgoal,a2,500percentincreaseover1969.”EarthDaykickedoffthe“environmentaldecadewithabang,”asSenatorNelsonlaterputit.Duringthe1970s,anumberofimportantenvironmentallawswerepassed,amongthemtheCleanAirAct,theWaterQualityImprovementActandtheEndangeredSpeciesAct,etc.AnotherkeydevelopmentwastheestablishmentoftheEPAinDecember1970,whichwastaskedwithprotectinghumanhealthandsafeguardingthenaturalenvironment—air,waterandland.語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹地球日的起源及發(fā)起初期的歷史。4.WhatdowelearnaboutthecircumstancesinAmericabeforeEarthDaywasfounded?A.TheoveruseofpesticideshadlittleimpactontheAmericancountryside.B.ThefireonCuyahogaC.Thegovernmenthighlyvaluedprotectingthenaturalresourcesonthisplanet.D.OnlyafewAmericanswerefamiliarwithenvironmentalissuesandpracticed-recycling.解析:選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知CuyahogaRiver大火是化學(xué)廢物處理不當(dāng)造成的。故選B。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A.Nelsonconvincedthefederalgovernmentthattheplanetwasatrisk.B.Nelsonorganizedthemodernenvironmentalmovementallbyhimself.C.TheEarthDaysuccessfullyarousedthepublic'sinterestinenvironmentalissues.D.Theelectricpowersupplyhadbeencutoffduetonumeroustelephoneinquiriespouredin.解析:選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知地球日成功地喚起了公眾對(duì)環(huán)境問題的關(guān)注。故選C。6.WhywastheEPAsetup?A.Tocollectpublicopinions.B.Tokickofftheenvironmentaldecade.C.Tochangepublicattitudes.D.Toprotecthumanbeingsandnature.解析:選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知,環(huán)保署的任務(wù)是保護(hù)人類健康和保護(hù)空氣、水和土地等自然環(huán)境。故選D。7.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorwilltalkaboutlater?A.EarthDaycelebrationshavegrownandspreadaroundtheglobe.B.EPAprotecthumanhealthandournaturalenvironment.C.Theenvironmentallawscomeintoeffect.D.SenatorNelson'sremarkableachievements.解析:選A推理判斷題。閱讀全文內(nèi)容可知,前面幾段重點(diǎn)介紹了地球日的起源及發(fā)起初期的歷史,接下來作者應(yīng)該以此為主線,繼續(xù)談?wù)摰厍蛉諔c?;顒?dòng)在世界各地不斷發(fā)展壯大。故選A。Ⅱ.語法填空Environmentmeansallthe__1__(nature)surroundingssuchasland,air,water,plants,andotherthings.Healthyenvironmentnotonlykeepsthenature'sbalancebut__2__(help)ingrowinganddevelopingallthelivingthingsontheearth.Besidesnaturalenvironment,aman-madeenvironmentalsoexists,__3__dealswiththetechnology,transportation,housing,urbanization,etc.However,nowadays,someman-madetechnologicaladvancementsarespoilingtheenvironmentinmanyways,finally__4__(disturb)thebalanceofnature.Wearekeepingourlivesindangeraswellas__5__(exist)oflifeinfutureonthisplanet.Ifwedoanythinginawrongwayoutofthedisciplineofnature,__6__disturbsthewholeenvironment.Duetosomebadandselfishactivitiesofthehumanbeings,ourenvironmentisgetting__7__(affect).Man-madeenvironmentaffectsthenaturalenvironment__8__suchagreatdegreethatweallmustbetogethertosaveit.Thecomponentsofthenaturalenvironmentareusedasaresourcebythehumanbeing__9__(basic)tofulfillsomephysicalneeds.Weshouldnotchallengeournatural__10__(resource)andshouldvaluethemandusethembystayingunderthenaturaldiscipline.Weallmusttakeeffortstoprotectournaturalenvironmenttokeepitsafeasusualforever.語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了健康的環(huán)境可以保持自然的平衡,我們應(yīng)該遵守自然法則來利用自然,保護(hù)環(huán)境。1.natural考查形容詞。設(shè)空處修飾后面的名詞surroundings需用形容詞形式。故填natural。2.helps考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處缺少謂語動(dòng)詞,講的是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語Healthyenvironment是單數(shù),謂語也用單數(shù),應(yīng)用helps,本句由notonly...but(also)連接兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,keeps和helps是并列謂語。故填helps。3.which考查定語從句。此處是非限制性定語從句,先行詞是aman-madeenvironment,指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。4.disturbing考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本句已有謂語arespoiling,且無連詞,此空用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,主語someman-madetechnologicaladvancements和動(dòng)詞disturb之間是主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填disturbing。5.existence考查名詞。aswellas(也)連接兩個(gè)一樣的語法結(jié)構(gòu),此處應(yīng)用名詞形式,構(gòu)成名詞短語existenceoflife,和ourlives一樣,作動(dòng)詞keep的賓語。故填existence。6.it考查代詞。本句意為“如果我們做了任何違背自然規(guī)律的錯(cuò)誤的事情,它會(huì)擾亂整個(gè)環(huán)境?!贝颂幱么~it指代上文提及的“任何違背自然規(guī)律的錯(cuò)事”,it可指代上文已提及的事情。故填it。7.a(chǎn)ffected考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本句意為“由于人類的一些惡劣的和自私的行為,我們的環(huán)境正在受到影響?!眊etdone意為“(主語)被……”,應(yīng)用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。故填affected。8.to考查介詞。固定搭配toadegree,意為“在某種程度上”,應(yīng)用介詞to。故填to。9.basically考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞fulfill,應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填basically。10.resources考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。本句意為“我們不應(yīng)該挑戰(zhàn)我們的自然資源,通過遵守自然法則,應(yīng)該珍惜和利用它們?!贝颂幹缸匀毁Y源,固定搭配naturalresources,應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填resources。Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作每年6月是世界環(huán)保月,請(qǐng)你代表校學(xué)生會(huì),以“從我做起,愛護(hù)環(huán)境”為主題,向全校同學(xué)寫一封倡議書。內(nèi)容包括:1.提出倡議的宗旨;2.倡議的具體內(nèi)容。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯:世界環(huán)保月WorldEnvironment

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