醫(yī)療病房呼叫系統(tǒng)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

醫(yī)療病房呼叫系統(tǒng)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)醫(yī)療病房呼叫系統(tǒng)外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含中英文對(duì)照即英文原文和中文翻譯)原文：DesignOfMedicalWardCallSystemBasedOnPowerLineCarrierTechnologyI.INTRODUCTIONThemedicalwardcallsystemisakindofcalltoolswhenthepatientneedsaccesstocareordiagnosis,patient'srequestcanbequicklytransmittedtodoctorsornursesonduty.Itisoneofthenecessaryequipmenttoimprovethelevelofhospitalcare.Currently,therearemanymedicalwardcallsystemswithdifferenttypesanddifferentfunctiononthemarket,theyaredividedintotwocategories:thecable-typeandwireless-type[1].Traditionalcable-typemedicalwardcallsystemstendtouseacentralizedcallsystemstructure,powerlines,datacommunicationlines,voicecommunicationlinestransmitseparated,hasLinewiththelayingofmore,highcost,installationdifficulties,poorreal-time,highfailurerateandothershortcomings.Wireless-typemedicalwardcallsystemsdonotlaytheline,butitsreliabilityispoor,andradiowavescaninterferewithothermedicalinstrumentsandequipment,mosthospitaldonotusesuchwirelesscallsystem.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationtechnology,peoplehavedonealotofresearchworkforpowerlinecarriecommunicationtechnology.Powerlinecarriercommunicationstechnologyreferstoameansofcommunicationwhichusespowerlinestotransferdataandmediasignal.Itloadshigh-frequencycontainsinformationoncurrent,thenusecurrenttransmission,thenusetheadapterwhichreceivesinformationtoseparatehigh-frequencyfromthecurrent,andtransferredtoacomputerortelephoneinordertoachieveinformationtransmission.Electricitysupplynetworkisthemostpopularnetworkintheworld,lowvoltagepowerlinesconnecttothousandsoffamilies,itcanbeusedfordatacommunicationandinformationtransmissionwithoutlayingdedicatedcommunicationlineandoccupyingthewirelesschannelresources[2].Therefore,ithasbecomepossiblethatusinglowvoltagepowerlinesasthetransmissionmedium,andusingspreadspectrum,digitalencoding,single-chipcontroltechnologytoachievewardcalls.Inthisstudy,thepowerlinecarriercommunicationtechnologyhasbeenappliedtowardcallsystem.Theentiresystemrequiresonlyatwo-coreshieldedcable,throughthepowercordthatthehostprovidestoeachextensionrealizetwo-waydatacommunication.Withlowcost,simpleinstallation,extensivetransmissionlines,etc,thehospitalwardhasagoodapplicationprospectinpractice.II.SYSTEMSTRUCTUREANDWORKINGPRINCIPLEThecallsystemmainlyconsistsofthehost,extensionsandpowerlinecarriercircuits,thehostisinstalledonthewardnursedutyroom,extensionswereinstalledintheward,ahostcancontrolmultipleextensions，一220Vcivilpowerlinesisasatransmissionchannel,inordertoachievetwo-waycommunicationbetweenthehostandtheextension.ThestructureofsystemisshowninFig.1.Thesystemusesacentralizedpowersupply,suppliesworkpowertowardextensionthroughthetwo-corecablebythecommunicatinghosts.Thesignalofthehosttoeachextensionthroughthepowerlinecarriercircuit,after一220Vcommercialpowerlinetransmission,achievesthehalf-duplexdatacommunicationbetweenthehostandtheextension.Acommunicationpacketconsistsof8bytesofdata,thefirstandsecondbytetoisthehostID,thethirdbytetoisthecommand，thefourthandfifthbyteistheextensionaddress,thesixthtoeighthbytetoisdata.Thehostsendscommanddatainabroadcast,theextensionanalysesdataafterreceivingcommunicationbag,identifywhethertheextensionaddressisitsaddress,onlyafterconfirmationtheextensionsendshisalarminformationtothehost.Thesystemusesthemaster-slavestructure,thehostsoundsandlightalarmswhenhospitalbedshavecallrequested,andshowtheoccurrencingcallextensionnumberofbedsonthedisplay.Whentheextensionrequiresarequestcall,presstherequestbutton,thecorrespondingrequestmessageissenttothehost,calltotheDutyOffice,whenthehostreturnsthecorrectinformation,lightsthecallindicator.III.DESIGNOFSYSTEMHARDWARESelectionofthemaincircuitchipThepowerlinecarriercommunicationreferstotheprocessofusingadedicatedmodemchipsfordatamodulationandbeingloadedintothepowerlinefrequencyof50Hztosendout,andthenreceiving,demodulating,restoringdata.Here,wechoosepowerlinemodulationchipPL2102designedByXiaoChengstarcompany.PL2102isahalf-duplexasynchronousmodemchipdesignedforpowerlinecarriercommunicationnetwork[3],suppliedbysingle5Vpower,connectedtoanexternalmicroprocessorthroughastandardI2Cinterface,coupledtothepowerlinewithanexternalinterfacecircuit.Inadditiontohavingbasiccommunicationcontrolfunction,PL2102alsobuildinfivekindsofcommonlyusedfunctionalcircuits:digitalfrequencycorrectionrealclockcircuit,32bytesSRAM,voltagemonitoring,watchdogtimerandresetcircuit.Amongthem,thereal-timeclockand32bytesSRAMcancontinuetoworkbythe3Vsparebatteryinthecaseofmainpowerloss.Thewatchdogtimerisusedtoprotectapplicationsagainsthardwareorsoftwareerrors,bygeneratingaresetsignaltoensureasuccessfulreset.AsPL2102usesdirectsequencespreadspectrum,digitalsignalprocessing,directdigitalfrequencysynthesisandotheradvancedtechnologies,andusesthelarge-scaledigital/analogmixed0.35}mCMOSfabrication.Soithasasuperiorperformanceintheanti一jammingandanti-fadingperformanceandthecostperformanceofsimilarproductsathomeandabroad,andsoon.AT89C52isalowvoltage,high-performanceCMOS8-bitMCUproducedbytheU.S.ATMELcorporation.Itcontains8KBFlashread-onlyprogrammemorycanberepeatedlyerasedand256Brandomaccessdatamemory(RAM).Thechipisproducedbyhigh-density,nonvolatilememorytechnologyofATMELcorporation,itiscompatiblewithstandardMCS-51instructionsetand8052Productpin.AT89C52has40pins,32externalbi-directionalinput/output(I/O)portsandincludestwoexternalinterruptports,three16-bitprogrammabletimercounter,twofull-duplexserialcommunicationports,twowriteportline.AT89C52canbeprogrammedaccordingtoconventionalmethods,canalsobeprogrammedonline.Itmakesthegeneral-purposemicroprocessorandFlashmemorytogether.Inparticular,theFlashmemorycanberepeatedlyerasedcaneffectivelyreducethedevelopmentcosts[4].Basedontheabovefactors,thehostandextensioncontrolchipselectAT89C52,canfullymeetvariousneedsofthesystem.B.DesignofthepowerlinecarriercircuitThepowerlinecarriercircuitmainlyincludesapowerlinecouplingcircuit,thesignalreceivingcircuitandsignaltransmittingcircuit,itsendsandreceivesthepowerlinecarriersignal.SchematicisshowninFig.2.Thecoupledcircuitthatistransformer-coupledcoilTZinFig.2,istheoutputandinputchannelforthecarriersignal，andplaytheroleofisolationfrequency220V/50Hz[5].Signalreceivingcircuit:ThecouplingcoilcouplesthecarriersignalreceivedformthepowerlinetobothendsatD1,ClampedbyD1,thestartinglevelofthesignalisatafixedvalue,andtopreventexcessiveinrushcurrent.C2,C3andL2constituteaparallelresonantcircuitwhoseresonantfrequencyis120kHz.The120kHzsignalintheinputweaksignalisselectedfrequencyandamplifiedinordertoimprovethesensitivityofthereceivedsignal.ItissenttotheSIGinportofchipPL2102,thecarriersignalreceivedbyPL2102demodulatesthedatabitinformationafterbeingtreatmentin-house,thedatabitinformationisoutputtothehostandextensioncontrolchipbyRXDTXDport,meanwhile,HEADsyncoutputslowlevel.Signaltransmittingcircuit:Itincludesthepoweramplifier,thefiltershapingcircuitandthecompositepipecomplementarysymmetrypoweramplifiercircuitcomprisedofV1,V2,V3,andV4.ItamplifiesthepowerofthecarriermodulationsignaloutputtedbyPL2102'sPSKOUTport.ItisaddedtothecouplingcoilafterfilteringintegerbyC1andL1,andisfedintothepowerlinethroughthecouplingcoil.ThecarriermodulationsignaloutputtedbyPL2102isamplifiedthroughthepoweramplifiercircuit,filteroutsignalnoiseandfalsesignal.CapacitorC1,inductorL1(18uH/200mA)oftheintegralfiltercircuitareusedtoadjusttheemissioncurrentandwaveform,reducingC1andincreasingL1willreducetheemissioncurrentandimprovethewaveform.Conversely,itwillincreasetheemissioncurrentandwaveformdistortion.Asthecoilloadcapacityisafixedvalue,adjustingC1andL1willaffectthetransmissionpowerandtheirpowerofthecoil.Meanwhile,theemissionvoltageVHHaffectssizeofthetransmittedpower,followingthelaunchvoltagedrop,transmitpowerhasdeclined,thehigherthevoltageis,thegreaterthetransistorsownpowerconsumptionis.ThisemissionvoltageistypicallychosenbetweenlOV一18V[6].C.DesignoftheextensioncircuitTheextensionincludesMCUAT89C52,powerlinemodulationchipPL2102andsomeperipheralcircuits.SchematicisshowninFig.3.EightrequestbuttonswitchesareconnectedtotheportPOoftheMCUAT89C52,whenabuttonispressed,theinputstateoftheportPOcorrespondingtothisbuttonis0.WhentheMCUconfirmsthatthehostcallsitsaddress,itwillscan8-bitI/OportstatusofportP0,onceakeyispressed,therequestinformationcorrespondingtothisbuttonwillimmediatelysendtothehost,andwaitforthehosttoconfirm.Whenthecorrectinformationisreturned,thehostdrivesthecorrespondingLEDindicatorsdisplayviaP2porttoindicatethatarequestsignalsentsuccessfully.Eightbuttonswitchesforrequestarenumbered,eachswitchrepresentsakindofinformationforrequest,whichcanbedefinedbyusers[7]. P1.0andRESETportoftheMCUAT89C52connectthebackuppowerandpower-downprotectioncircuitinordertoensurethatthesystemcanworkproperlywhenpowerfailureoccurs.Ifthesystemhasdetected"animminentlossofpower"signal,thesignalthroughanexternalinterruptINTOrequestsinterrupttothehost.ThehostresponsestoaninterruptandsendstherelevantdataintotheRAMtostore,thenwrite"0"intoP1.0,thelowlevelonP1.0pintriggers555timer,the555timeroutputpulsedependsonR,CandVCC.Ifthetimer555endtimer,VCCisstillnormal,thisshowsthatthe"imminentlossofpower"signalisthewrongalarmsignal,the555outputpulseisaddedtoRESETandthehostre-operationafterreset.Ifthe555timerendtiming,VCCisreallylower,the555timeroutputshighleveltriggeredbytheP1.0lowlevel,andaddstoRESETforstandbypoweruntilVCChasreturnedtonormal,thenkeepapositivepulsewidthtimedeterminedbytheR,C.TheappropriateR,CvalueShouldbeselectedinordertohaveenoughpoweronresettimeafterthemainpowersupplyVCCReturnstonormal,thenmakethehostresumenormaloperationafterreliablereset.TheAT89C52clockuseson-chipclockoscillatormode,thequartzcrystal(9.6MHz)andoscillationcapacitorareexternalconnectedbetweenXTAL1andXTAL2pin,P1.6portcommunicateswiththehostthroughthePL2102chipandpower-line.The5thpinofPL2102chipisserialbusclockinput,the6thpinisserialbusdatainput/output,the7thpinistransceivercontrolport,0isforsendingand1isforreceiving.The8thpin(RXDTXD)sendsandreceivesdata,the9thpinisdatasynchronizationport.Sendingandreceivingdataflowareasfollows:Wheninsendingstatus,theR/Tport(7pin)issetlowbyMCU,PL2102chipsendsthesynchronousheadsignal(9pin),theMCUsendsdatabyRXDesTXDport(8pin)sync.Wheninreceivingstatus,theR/Tport(7pin)issethighbyMCU,thesynchronizationsignalisgeneratedifthePL2102chipreceivesdata,dataissimultaneouslytransmittedtotheMCUbyRXDesTXDport(8pin)sync.TheAT89C52INTOcansynthesizecorrespondinginstructioninformationaccordingtopredefinedformatafteritgeneratesaninterruptandreceivesdata[8].譯文：基于電力線載波技術(shù)的醫(yī)療病房呼叫系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)I.引言內(nèi)科病房呼叫系統(tǒng)是一種叫工具時(shí)，病人需要醫(yī)療或診斷，病人的請(qǐng)求可以被很快地傳送到醫(yī)生或護(hù)士值班。它是提高醫(yī)院的護(hù)理水平的必備設(shè)備之一。目前，有許多醫(yī)療病房呼叫系統(tǒng)與市場(chǎng)上的不同類(lèi)型和不同的功能，它們分為兩類(lèi)：電纜型和無(wú)線型[1]。傳統(tǒng)的電纜類(lèi)型的病房呼叫系統(tǒng)傾向于使用集中式呼叫系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)，電源線，數(shù)據(jù)通信線路，通信線路傳輸語(yǔ)音分離，與鋪設(shè)更多的，成本高，安裝困難，實(shí)時(shí)性差，故障率高和其他故障。無(wú)線電醫(yī)療病房呼叫系統(tǒng)不打線，但其可靠性差，和無(wú)線電波會(huì)干擾其他醫(yī)療儀器設(shè)備，大多數(shù)的醫(yī)院不使用這樣的無(wú)線呼叫系統(tǒng)。隨著通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們對(duì)電力線通信技術(shù)，卡麗做了大量的研究工作。電力線載波通信技術(shù)是指利用電力線數(shù)據(jù)通信和媒體信號(hào)傳輸?shù)囊环N手段。它包含的信息負(fù)載高頻電流，然后用電流傳輸，然后用它接收的信息分開(kāi)高頻從當(dāng)前的適配器，并傳送到計(jì)算機(jī)或電話，以實(shí)現(xiàn)信息傳輸。電力供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是世界上最流行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，低壓電力線連接到千家萬(wàn)戶，它可以用于數(shù)據(jù)通信和信息無(wú)需鋪設(shè)專(zhuān)用通信線路占用的無(wú)線信道資源傳輸[2]。因此，它已成為可能，利用低壓電力線作為傳輸介質(zhì)，利用擴(kuò)頻，數(shù)字編碼，單片機(jī)控制技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)病房呼叫。在這項(xiàng)研究中，電力線載波通信技術(shù)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用到病房呼叫系統(tǒng)。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)只需要一二芯屏蔽電纜，通過(guò)電源線，主機(jī)提供每個(gè)擴(kuò)展實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向數(shù)據(jù)通信。成本低，安裝簡(jiǎn)單，廣泛的傳輸線，等，醫(yī)院的病房在實(shí)踐中具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。II.系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理呼叫系統(tǒng)主要由主機(jī)，分機(jī)及電源線載波電路，主機(jī)安裝在病房的護(hù)士值班室，擴(kuò)展被安裝在病房，宿主可以控制多個(gè)擴(kuò)展名，一220V民用電源線作為傳輸信道，以實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)主機(jī)和分機(jī)之間溝通方式。系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示。本系統(tǒng)采用集中供電，供應(yīng)工作電源向延伸通過(guò)兩芯電纜的通信主機(jī)。主機(jī)通過(guò)電力線載波電路，每個(gè)擴(kuò)展信號(hào)一220V商業(yè)電力線傳輸后，實(shí)現(xiàn)了半雙工數(shù)據(jù)通信的主機(jī)和分機(jī)之間。通信數(shù)據(jù)包由8字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)，第一和第二個(gè)字節(jié)是主機(jī)號(hào)，第三字節(jié)的命令，第四和第五字節(jié)的擴(kuò)展地址，第六到第八字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)。主機(jī)發(fā)送命令數(shù)據(jù)廣播，延伸分析數(shù)據(jù)接收通信包后，確定是否擴(kuò)展地址地址，只有確認(rèn)后發(fā)出報(bào)警信息延伸到主機(jī)。該系統(tǒng)采用主從式結(jié)構(gòu)，主機(jī)的聲音和光報(bào)警時(shí)，醫(yī)院的床位已經(jīng)呼叫請(qǐng)求，并顯示發(fā)生呼叫的分機(jī)號(hào)碼，床上顯示。當(dāng)擴(kuò)展需要調(diào)用請(qǐng)求，按請(qǐng)求按鈕，相應(yīng)的請(qǐng)求消息發(fā)送給主機(jī)，叫到辦公室，當(dāng)主機(jī)返回正確的信息，呼叫指示燈。III.系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)主電路芯片的選擇電力線載波通信是指利用專(zhuān)用調(diào)制解調(diào)器芯片數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)制和被加載到50Hz電源線頻率的發(fā)送過(guò)程，然后接收，解調(diào)，恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)。在這里，我們選擇的電力線調(diào)制芯片PL2102的小明星公司設(shè)計(jì)。智能家電是半雙工異步調(diào)制解調(diào)器芯片設(shè)計(jì)了電力線載波通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)[3]，采用單5V電源供電，通過(guò)一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的我2C接口連接到一個(gè)外部微處理器，連接到一個(gè)外部接口電路的電源線。除了具有基本的通信控制功能，智能家電還建立了五種常用的功能電路：數(shù)字頻率校正實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘電路，32字節(jié)的SRAM，電壓監(jiān)控，看門(mén)狗定時(shí)器復(fù)位電路。其中，實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘和32字節(jié)的SRAM，可以繼續(xù)通過(guò)3V的備用電池在主電源損耗下工作。看門(mén)狗定時(shí)器來(lái)防止硬件或軟件錯(cuò)誤的應(yīng)用程序，通過(guò)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)復(fù)位信號(hào)，以確保成功復(fù)位。作為PL2102采用直接序列擴(kuò)頻，數(shù)字信號(hào)處理，直接數(shù)字頻率合成技術(shù)等先進(jìn)技術(shù)，并采用大規(guī)模數(shù)字/模擬混合0.35μmCMOS工藝。具有抗干擾一優(yōu)越的性能和抗衰落性能與國(guó)內(nèi)外同類(lèi)產(chǎn)品的性價(jià)比，等等。AT89C52單片機(jī)是一個(gè)低電壓,高性能CMOS美國(guó)ATMEL公司生產(chǎn)的8位單片機(jī)。它包含8kbFlash可以反復(fù)擦除只讀程序內(nèi)存和256b隨機(jī)存取內(nèi)存(RAM)的數(shù)據(jù)。芯片是由高密度非易失性內(nèi)存ATMEL公司的技術(shù),它是兼容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通過(guò)mcs—51匯編語(yǔ)言指令集和8052產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)。AT89C5240針,32外部雙向輸入/輸出(I/O)端口,包括兩個(gè)外部中斷端口、三個(gè)16位可編程定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器,兩個(gè)全雙工串行通信端口,兩個(gè)寫(xiě)端口線。它使通用微處理器和閃存。特別是,可以反復(fù)擦除閃存可以有效降低開(kāi)發(fā)成本[4]?；谏鲜鲆蛩?主機(jī)和擴(kuò)展AT89C52單片機(jī)控制芯片選擇,能夠充分滿足各種需求的系統(tǒng)。B.電力線載波電路的設(shè)計(jì)電力線載波電路主要包括電力線耦合電路，信號(hào)接收電路、信號(hào)發(fā)射電路，它的發(fā)送和接收的電力線載波信號(hào)。原理圖如圖2所示。耦合電路，變壓器耦合線圈TZ在圖2中，對(duì)載波信號(hào)的輸出和輸入通